page source_page_order layout_page_order layout_order ref label role_guess included_in_body excluded_risk_level body_decision_reason parser_body_decision_reason production_usage visual_asset_type visual_asset_label visual_asset_caption_preview truncation_marker inside_body_region body_region_id zone column column_index column_count region_id background_rgb background_class is_gray_background has_frame_evidence bbox text_preview cleaned_text_preview 1 1 1 0 #/texts/0 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p1:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [224.33, 47.98, 146.57, 5.93] Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 1 19 2 1 #/texts/18 text front_matter_heading False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray [229, 229, 229] gray True False [220.76, 79.88, 151.02, 1.59] Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Contents lists available at ScienceDirect 1 20 3 2 #/texts/19 section_header title_candidate False low non_body_heading non_body_heading True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray [229, 229, 229] gray True False [201.2, 98.03, 190.03, 12.98] Journal of Energy Chemistry Journal of Energy Chemistry 1 21 4 3 #/texts/20 text unknown_text False medium outside_body_flow outside_body_flow True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray [229, 229, 229] gray True True [173.88, 135.67, 247.4, 1.59] j o u r n a l homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jechem j o u r n a l homepage: 1 2 5 4 #/texts/1 section_header title_candidate False low non_body_heading non_body_heading False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.7, 160.04, 32.05, 8.9] Review Review 1 3 6 5 #/texts/2 section_header title_candidate False low non_body_heading non_body_heading True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 179.19, 423.72, 29.75] Recent progress in Li and Mn rich layered oxide cathodes for Li-ion batteries Recent progress in Li and Mn rich layered oxide cathodes for Li-ion batteries 1 4 7 6 #/texts/3 text body_candidate_excluded False medium before_body_started before_body_started True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 218.99, 494.97, 26.45] Yiwei Li a,1 , Zhibo Li a,1 , Cong Chen a , Kai Yang a , Bo Cao a , Shenyang Xu a , Ni Yang a , Wenguang Zhao a , Haibiao Chen a , Mingjian Zhang a,b, ⇑ , Feng Pan a, ⇑ Yiwei Li a,1 , Zhibo Li a,1 , Cong Chen a , Kai Yang a , Bo Cao a , Shenyang Xu a , Ni Yang a , Wenguang Zhao a , Haibiao Chen a , Mingjian Zhang a,b, ⇑ , Feng Pan a, ⇑ 1 5 8 7 #/texts/4 list_item affiliation False low outside_body_flow_list_item outside_body_flow_list_item False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.64, 250.92, 334.71, 7.3] a School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China a School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China 1 6 9 8 #/texts/5 list_item unknown_text False medium outside_body_flow_list_item outside_body_flow_list_item False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [254, 254, 254] white False True [37.64, 259.48, 2.79, 3.96] b b 1 7 10 9 #/texts/6 text affiliation False low front_matter_author_line front_matter_author_line False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.5, 260.41, 334.48, 6.37] Center for Advanced Radiation Source (ChemMatCARS), the University of Chicago, Argonne, IL 60439, United States Center for Advanced Radiation Source (ChemMatCARS), the University of Chicago, Argonne, IL 60439, United States 1 8 11 10 #/texts/7 section_header front_matter_heading False low front_matter_heading front_matter_heading False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.7, 287.39, 94.35, 11.02] a r t i c l e i n f o a r t i c l e i n f o 1 12 12 11 #/texts/11 section_header abstract_heading False low abstract_heading abstract_heading True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [202.22, 287.67, 65.22, 11.02] a b s t r a c t a b s t r a c t 1 9 13 12 #/texts/8 text unknown_text False high outside_body_flow outside_body_flow False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 310.07, 79.89, 32.02] Article history: Received 14 October 2020 Revised 23 January 2021 Accepted 25 January 2021 Article history: Received 14 October 2020 Revised 23 January 2021 Accepted 25 January 2021 1 13 14 13 #/texts/12 text abstract_candidate False medium inside_abstract inside_abstract True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [202.17, 310.46, 355.49, 93.18] Li and Mn rich (LMR) layered oxides, written as x Li2MnO3  (1 x )LiMO2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, etc.), have been widely reported in recent years due to their high capacity and high energy density. The stable structure an… Li and Mn rich (LMR) layered oxides, written as x Li2MnO3  (1 x )LiMO2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, etc.), have been widely reported in recent years due to their high capacity and high energy density. The stable structure an… 1 10 15 14 #/texts/9 text metadata False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 344.71, 104.89, 5.93] Available online 10 February 2021 Available online 10 February 2021 1 11 16 15 #/texts/10 text front_matter_heading False low front_matter_heading front_matter_heading False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 364.44, 116.82, 40.52] Keywords: Li-ion batteries Li and Mn rich layered oxide cathodes Electrochemical concerns Progress and perspective Keywords: Li-ion batteries Li and Mn rich layered oxide cathodes Electrochemical concerns Progress and perspective 1 14 17 16 #/texts/13 text metadata False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [202.17, 404.52, 355.42, 18.23] Ó 2021 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved. Ó 2021 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. and Science Press. 1 15 18 17 #/texts/14 text reference False low inside_front_matter inside_front_matter False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [120.08, 460.31, 168.57, 57.35] Yiwei Li received his B.S. degree in College of Materials Science and Engineering from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 2017. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate at School of Advanced Materials, Peking Uni… Yiwei Li received his B.S. degree in College of Materials Science and Engineering from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 2017. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate at School of Advanced Materials, Peking Uni… 1 16 19 18 #/texts/15 footnote footnote False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [42.07, 692.51, 264.1, 18.63] ⇑ Corresponding authors. E-mail addresses: zhangmj@pkusz.edu.cn (M. Zhang), panfeng@pkusz.edu.cn (F. Pan). ⇑ Corresponding authors. E-mail addresses: zhangmj@pkusz.edu.cn (M. Zhang), panfeng@pkusz.edu.cn (F. Pan). 1 17 20 19 #/texts/16 footnote footnote False low outside_body_flow_footnote outside_body_flow_footnote False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [43.09, 712.68, 148.31, 7.21] 1 These authors contributed equally to this work. 1 These authors contributed equally to this work. 1 22 21 20 #/texts/21 page_footer page_footer False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata False None bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [37.59, 731.92, 136.91, 5.93] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2021.01.034 1 18 22 21 #/texts/17 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [389.08, 458.95, 168.57, 48.74] Zhibo Li received his B.S. degree from South China Normal University in 2018. He is currently a M.S. student under the supervision of Prof. Feng Pan at School of Advanced Material, Peking University. His research intere… Zhibo Li received his B.S. degree from South China Normal University in 2018. He is currently a M.S. student under the supervision of Prof. Feng Pan at School of Advanced Material, Peking University. His research intere… 1 23 23 22 #/texts/22 page_footer page_footer False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 738.73, 520.05, 8.3] 2095-4956/ Ó 2021 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved. 2095-4956/ Ó 2021 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. and Science Press. 2 1 1 23 #/texts/23 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header False None top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 47.86, 69.84, 6.37] Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. 2 2 2 24 #/texts/24 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p2:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [120.08, 66.24, 168.58, 48.79] Cong Chen received his B.S. degree from South China University of Technology in 2018. He is currently a M.S. student under the supervision of Prof. Feng Pan at school of Advanced Material, Peking University. His researc… Cong Chen received his B.S. degree from South China University of Technology in 2018. He is currently a M.S. student under the supervision of Prof. Feng Pan at school of Advanced Material, Peking University. His researc… 2 3 3 25 #/texts/25 text reference False low inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p2:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [120.08, 195.27, 168.59, 65.91] Kai Yang received his B.S. degree in the School of Aerospace from Tsinghua University in 2016, China. He is pursuing his M.S. degree at School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, China. Hi… Kai Yang received his B.S. degree in the School of Aerospace from Tsinghua University in 2016, China. He is pursuing his M.S. degree at School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, China. Hi… 2 4 4 26 #/texts/26 text reference False low inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p2:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [120.08, 324.36, 168.59, 65.91] Bo Cao is currently a Ph.D. candidate in Prof Feng Pan's group at Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, China. He received his B.S. degree in material science from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in … Bo Cao is currently a Ph.D. candidate in Prof Feng Pan's group at Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, China. He received his B.S. degree in material science from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in … 2 5 5 27 #/texts/27 text reference False low inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p2:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [120.08, 453.39, 168.58, 48.79] Shenyang Xu received his B.S. degree from Tiangong University in 2015. Xu is currently a Ph.D. student under the supervision of Prof. Feng Pan at School of Advanced Material, Peking University. His research interests ma… Shenyang Xu received his B.S. degree from Tiangong University in 2015. Xu is currently a Ph.D. student under the supervision of Prof. Feng Pan at School of Advanced Material, Peking University. His research interests ma… 2 6 6 28 #/texts/28 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p2:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [120.08, 582.43, 168.59, 48.79] Ni Yang is an engineer at School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, China. She has over 10 years' experience in material characterization using wide range of analytical tools including FI… Ni Yang is an engineer at School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, China. She has over 10 years' experience in material characterization using wide range of analytical tools including FI… 2 7 7 29 #/texts/29 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header True p2:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [417.77, 47.8, 139.86, 6.37] Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 2 8 8 30 #/texts/30 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p2:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [389.08, 66.24, 168.57, 57.35] Wenguang Zhao is an engineer at School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, China. He has over 10 years' experience in material characterization using wide range of analytical tools includi… Wenguang Zhao is an engineer at School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, China. He has over 10 years' experience in material characterization using wide range of analytical tools includi… 2 9 9 31 #/texts/31 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p2:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [389.08, 195.27, 168.57, 48.79] Haibiao Chen is currently a senior researcher at School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School. He received his Bachelor's degree from Tsinghua University in 2000 and PhD from Stevens Institut… Haibiao Chen is currently a senior researcher at School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School. He received his Bachelor's degree from Tsinghua University in 2000 and PhD from Stevens Institut… 2 10 10 32 #/texts/32 text reference False low inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p2:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [389.08, 324.36, 168.58, 100.16] Mingjian Zhang got his Ph.D. degree from Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2013, then worked there as an assistant research fellow for one year. From 2014 to 2018, h… Mingjian Zhang got his Ph.D. degree from Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2013, then worked there as an assistant research fellow for one year. From 2014 to 2018, h… 2 11 11 33 #/texts/33 text reference False low inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p2:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [389.08, 453.39, 168.57, 100.16] Feng Pan , founding Dean of School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, got B.S. from Dept. Chemistry, Peking University in 1985 and Ph.D. from Dept. of P&A Chemistry, University of Strathc… Feng Pan , founding Dean of School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, got B.S. from Dept. Chemistry, Peking University in 1985 and Ph.D. from Dept. of P&A Chemistry, University of Strathc… 2 12 12 34 #/texts/34 text unknown_text False medium inside_front_matter inside_front_matter False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.6, 556.17, 142.45, 5.93] (power battery) innovation project since 2013. (power battery) innovation project since 2013. 2 13 13 35 #/texts/35 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [291.91, 764.24, 11.45, 5.93] 369 369 3 1 1 36 #/texts/36 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p3:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p3:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 47.86, 69.84, 6.37] Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. 3 3 2 37 #/texts/38 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p3:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p3:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.7, 68.75, 60.13, 7.42] 1. Introduction 1. Introduction 3 4 3 38 #/texts/39 text body True None body body True p3:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p3:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 89.67, 251.11, 165.13] Owing to the rapid population growth, energy shortage has become one of the most urgent problems to be solved. One promising strategy is to use clean energies which is renewable and environmentally friendly to replace f… Owing to the rapid population growth, energy shortage has become one of the most urgent problems to be solved. One promising strategy is to use clean energies which is renewable and environmentally friendly to replace f… 3 2 4 39 #/texts/37 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [417.71, 47.86, 139.91, 6.37] Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 3 5 5 40 #/texts/40#prov0 text body True None body body False None front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p3:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 67.53, 251.09, 185.69] (LCO), spinel LiMn2O4 (LMO), olivine LiFePO4 (LFP), and LiNi x Mn y -Co z O2 (NMC, x + y + z = 1) have been the major cathode materials in LIB market [7-17]. The first-generation cathode material is LCO, which was first… (LCO), spinel LiMn2O4 (LMO), olivine LiFePO4 (LFP), and LiNi x Mn y -Co z O2 (NMC, x + y + z = 1) have been the major cathode materials in LIB market [7-17]. The first-generation cathode material is LCO, which was first… 3 6 6 41 #/texts/41 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p3:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 559.63, 520.04, 32.02] Fig. 1. (a) Crystal structure of trigonal LiMO2 ( R -3m) and (b) monoclinic Li2MnO3 ( C 2/ m ). Reproduced from Ref. [27] with permission from American Chemical Society. (c) XRD patterns of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2+ d … Fig. 1. (a) Crystal structure of trigonal LiMO2 ( R -3m) and (b) monoclinic Li2MnO3 ( C 2/ m ). Reproduced from Ref. [27] with permission from American Chemical Society. (c) XRD patterns of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2+ d … 3 7 7 42 #/texts/42 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption True p3:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p3:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 613.15, 182.82, 14.49] Table 1 Researches about understanding the structure of LMR oxides. Table 1 Researches about understanding the structure of LMR oxides. 3 8 8 43 #/texts/43 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p3:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [291.91, 764.24, 11.38, 5.93] 370 370 4 2 1 44 #/texts/44 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 47.86, 69.84, 6.37] Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. 4 3 2 45 #/texts/45 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p4:body_region:0 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [417.77, 47.81, 139.86, 6.37] Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 4 4 3 46 #/texts/46 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 345.73, 520.08, 65.91] Fig. 2. (a) Initial charging-discharging profiles of Li2MnO3, LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 and Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2. (b) The 1st and 2nd CV curves of Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 in (a). Reproduced from Ref. [35] with permission from American Chem… Fig. 2. (a) Initial charging-discharging profiles of Li2MnO3, LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 and Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2. (b) The 1st and 2nd CV curves of Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 in (a). Reproduced from Ref. [35] with permission from American Chem… 4 1 4 47 #/texts/40#prov1 text body True None body body False None front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 442.89, 251.12, 71.74] tively in NMC cathode: Ni 2+/3+ is responsible for providing capacity, Mn 4+ is for maintaining the structural stability, and Co 3+ could promote the diffusion of Li + ions [13-16]. However, the traditional NMC cathode … tively in NMC cathode: Ni 2+/3+ is responsible for providing capacity, Mn 4+ is for maintaining the structural stability, and Co 3+ could promote the diffusion of Li + ions [13-16]. However, the traditional NMC cathode … 4 5 5 48 #/texts/47 text body True None body body False None bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 517.7, 251.13, 227.04] Since the report by Dahn et al. in 2001, Li and Mn rich (LMR) layered oxides x Li2MnO3  (1 x )LiMO2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, etc.), have been regarded as the next-generation cathode material due to the high specific capa… Since the report by Dahn et al. in 2001, Li and Mn rich (LMR) layered oxides x Li2MnO3  (1 x )LiMO2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, etc.), have been regarded as the next-generation cathode material due to the high specific capa… 4 6 6 49 #/texts/48 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p4:body_region:0 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.65, 445.24, 248.85, 7.42] 2. Structure and electrochemical performance of LMR cathode 2. Structure and electrochemical performance of LMR cathode 4 7 7 50 #/texts/49 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p4:body_region:0 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.65, 465.73, 128.59, 7.96] 2.1. Crystal structure of LMR oxides 2.1. Crystal structure of LMR oxides 4 8 8 51 #/texts/50 text body True None body body True p4:body_region:0 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.6, 487.08, 251.1, 143.43] LMRoxidesaregenerallyconsideredasthecompositeofLi2MnO3 and LiMO2, therefore the formula could be written as x Li2MnO3- (1 x )LiMO2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, etc.). As shown in Fig. 1(a and b) [27], Li2MnO3 belongs to mono… LMRoxidesaregenerallyconsideredasthecompositeofLi2MnO3 and LiMO2, therefore the formula could be written as x Li2MnO3- (1 x )LiMO2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, etc.). As shown in Fig. 1(a and b) [27], Li2MnO3 belongs to mono… 4 9 9 52 #/texts/51#prov0 text body True None body body True p4:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.6, 633.52, 251.08, 112.02] Although LMR oxides are composed of trigonal LiMO2 and monoclinic Li2MnO3, the arrangement of these two structures in LMR oxides is still under debate. We list some researches on understanding the structure of LMR oxide… Although LMR oxides are composed of trigonal LiMO2 and monoclinic Li2MnO3, the arrangement of these two structures in LMR oxides is still under debate. We list some researches on understanding the structure of LMR oxide… 4 10 10 53 #/texts/52 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [291.91, 764.24, 11.45, 5.93] 371 371 5 2 1 54 #/texts/53 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p5:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 47.86, 69.84, 6.37] Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. 5 1 2 55 #/texts/51#prov1 text body True None body body True p5:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 67.96, 251.13, 59.69] independent Fe and Mn rich nanodomains in Li1.2Fe0.4Mn0.4O2 were observed by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements [32]. Besides, the composite model was also supported by Li magic angle spinning (MAS) N… independent Fe and Mn rich nanodomains in Li1.2Fe0.4Mn0.4O2 were observed by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements [32]. Besides, the composite model was also supported by Li magic angle spinning (MAS) N… 5 4 3 56 #/texts/55 text body True None body body True p5:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 130.71, 251.13, 80.61] Another widely accepted model is the solid-solution model, stating that, single solid-solution phase with C 2/ m symmetry exists in LMRoxides[36].Ithasalsobeenprovedthroughmultiplecharacterization techniques. Jarvis et … Another widely accepted model is the solid-solution model, stating that, single solid-solution phase with C 2/ m symmetry exists in LMRoxides[36].Ithasalsobeenprovedthroughmultiplecharacterization techniques. Jarvis et … 5 5 4 57 #/texts/56 text body True None body body True p5:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 214.39, 251.09, 59.74] In summary, there is no unified conclusion about the crystal structure of LMR oxides (composite or solid-solution) till now. One possible reason is that, the actual crystal structure of LMR oxides varies with the elemen… In summary, there is no unified conclusion about the crystal structure of LMR oxides (composite or solid-solution) till now. One possible reason is that, the actual crystal structure of LMR oxides varies with the elemen… 5 6 5 58 #/texts/57 text body True None body body True p5:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 277.15, 251.09, 112.02] In addition, structure defects are easily introduced during the synthetic process, which affects the electrochemical performance of LMR cathodes to a large extent [40]. Zhang et al. found that the quenching process duri… In addition, structure defects are easily introduced during the synthetic process, which affects the electrochemical performance of LMR cathodes to a large extent [40]. Zhang et al. found that the quenching process duri… 5 7 6 59 #/texts/58 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p5:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.7, 402.24, 182.07, 7.96] 2.2. Electrochemical performance of LMR cathodes 2.2. Electrochemical performance of LMR cathodes 5 8 7 60 #/texts/59 text body True None body body True p5:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 423.59, 251.12, 300.35] The electrochemical performance of cathode materials is closely related to their structures. Since LMR oxides are composed of trigonal LiMO2 and monoclinic Li2MnO3, the electrochemical property is a combination of the e… The electrochemical performance of cathode materials is closely related to their structures. Since LMR oxides are composed of trigonal LiMO2 and monoclinic Li2MnO3, the electrochemical property is a combination of the e… 5 9 8 61 #/texts/60 text body True None body body True p5:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 725.21, 251.13, 30.08] AlthoughLMRoxidescouldprovidehighcapacity(>250mAhg 1 ) and energy density (>900 Wh kg 1 ), they also have a few of disadvantages hindering the commercialization. These include: 1) AlthoughLMRoxidescouldprovidehighcapacity(>250mAhg 1 ) and energy density (>900 Wh kg 1 ), they also have a few of disadvantages hindering the commercialization. These include: 1) 5 3 9 62 #/texts/54 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p5:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [417.71, 47.86, 139.91, 6.37] Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 5 10 10 63 #/texts/61 text body True None body body True p5:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.6, 67.95, 251.1, 38.77] lowinitialCoulombicefficiency(<80%);2)severecapacityandvoltage decay during long-term cycling; 3) inferior rate performance compared to that of LCO and NMC cathodes. These challenges are discussed one by one as below. lowinitialCoulombicefficiency(<80%);2)severecapacityandvoltage decay during long-term cycling; 3) inferior rate performance compared to that of LCO and NMC cathodes. These challenges are discussed one by one as below. 5 11 11 64 #/texts/62 text body True None body body True p5:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.6, 107.99, 251.12, 438.1] As shown in Fig. 2(a), about 100 mA h g 1 of irreversible capacity could be observed during the first cycle for Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2, leading to a low initial Coulombic efficiency of 72.3%, much lower than that of NMC an… As shown in Fig. 2(a), about 100 mA h g 1 of irreversible capacity could be observed during the first cycle for Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2, leading to a low initial Coulombic efficiency of 72.3%, much lower than that of NMC an… 5 12 12 65 #/texts/63 text body True None body body True p5:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 549.11, 251.1, 206.18] The fast capacity and voltage decay of the LMR cathodes during long-term cycling is another issue. As shown in Fig. 2(d), only 85% of the initial discharging capacity is maintained after 50 cycles at 0.1 C for Li1.2Ni0.… The fast capacity and voltage decay of the LMR cathodes during long-term cycling is another issue. As shown in Fig. 2(d), only 85% of the initial discharging capacity is maintained after 50 cycles at 0.1 C for Li1.2Ni0.… 5 13 13 66 #/texts/64 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [291.91, 764.24, 11.45, 5.93] 372 372 6 1 1 67 #/texts/65 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p6:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 47.86, 69.84, 6.37] Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. 6 3 2 68 #/texts/67 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 67.94, 328.37, 14.49] Table 2 The electrochemical performance of LMR cathodes with different morphology design reported in recent years. Table 2 The electrochemical performance of LMR cathodes with different morphology design reported in recent years. 6 4 3 69 #/texts/68 text unknown_text False medium outside_body_flow outside_body_flow True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 203.66, 153.66, 5.93] Notes. [a] ICE denotes initial Coulombic efficiency. Notes. [a] ICE denotes initial Coulombic efficiency. 6 2 4 70 #/texts/66 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p6:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [417.77, 47.8, 139.86, 6.37] Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 6 5 5 71 #/texts/69 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 567.06, 520.06, 40.18] Fig. 3. (a) Schematic illustration of the synthetic process of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 nanowires. Reproduced from Ref. [62] with permission from Elsevier. (b) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of x Li2MnO3  (1… Fig. 3. (a) Schematic illustration of the synthetic process of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 nanowires. Reproduced from Ref. [62] with permission from Elsevier. (b) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of x Li2MnO3  (1… 6 6 6 72 #/texts/70#prov0 text body True None body body True p6:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 629.98, 251.1, 124.06] sidering the similar ionic radii of Ni 2+ and Li + , Ni 2+ migrates to the Li layers preferentially compared to other TM cations. Because oxygen loss occurs at the surface, severe cationic mixing would appear at the sur… sidering the similar ionic radii of Ni 2+ and Li + , Ni 2+ migrates to the Li layers preferentially compared to other TM cations. Because oxygen loss occurs at the surface, severe cationic mixing would appear at the sur… 6 7 7 73 #/texts/70#prov1 text body True None body body True p6:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 629.98, 251.1, 124.07] observed that Li + diffusion was much more sluggish during lithiation than during de-lithiation [56]. They thought that, after Li + was extracted from Li layers, TM ions would migrate into Li layers, and they could not … observed that Li + diffusion was much more sluggish during lithiation than during de-lithiation [56]. They thought that, after Li + was extracted from Li layers, TM ions would migrate into Li layers, and they could not … 6 8 8 74 #/texts/71 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [291.91, 764.24, 11.45, 5.93] 373 373 7 1 1 75 #/texts/72 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin left None None p7:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 47.86, 69.84, 6.37] Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. 7 2 2 76 #/texts/73 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin right None None p7:top_margin:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [417.71, 47.86, 139.91, 6.37] Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 7 3 3 77 #/texts/74 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body full None None p7:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 336.66, 520.03, 23.72] Fig. 4. (a) Schematic illustration of the formation of porous Li1.2Ni0.18Co0.08Mn0.54O2. Reproduced from Ref. [68] with permission from Royal Society of Chemistry. (b) Schematic illustration of the synthesizing route fo… Fig. 4. (a) Schematic illustration of the formation of porous Li1.2Ni0.18Co0.08Mn0.54O2. Reproduced from Ref. [68] with permission from Royal Society of Chemistry. (b) Schematic illustration of the synthesizing route fo… 7 4 4 78 #/texts/75 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body full None None p7:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 667.98, 520.07, 57.96] Fig. 5. (a) Schematic illustration of ice-template coprecipitation method to synthesize Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 with hierarchical mesopore structure. (b) The rate performance of Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 synthesized by freeze drying … Fig. 5. (a) Schematic illustration of ice-template coprecipitation method to synthesize Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 with hierarchical mesopore structure. (b) The rate performance of Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 synthesized by freeze drying … 7 5 5 79 #/texts/76 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin left_crossing None None p7:bottom_margin:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [291.91, 764.24, 11.45, 5.93] 374 374 8 2 1 80 #/texts/77 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p8:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 47.86, 69.84, 6.37] Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. 8 1 2 81 #/texts/70#prov2 text body True None body body True p8:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 67.96, 251.11, 49.26] capacity loss in the first cycle could be recovered by applying a constant-voltage step during discharge. Li + would occupy the tetrahedral sites to form a new P'' phase under a harsh reductive condition (<1.4 V), and t… capacity loss in the first cycle could be recovered by applying a constant-voltage step during discharge. Li + would occupy the tetrahedral sites to form a new P'' phase under a harsh reductive condition (<1.4 V), and t… 8 4 3 82 #/texts/79 text body True None body body True p8:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 120.23, 251.11, 132.99] Another issue for LMR oxides is the unsatisfactory rate performance. This inferior rate performance can be related to the sluggish dynamics of Mn 4+ . It has been reported that Mn 4+ showed slower reaction kinetics in L… Another issue for LMR oxides is the unsatisfactory rate performance. This inferior rate performance can be related to the sluggish dynamics of Mn 4+ . It has been reported that Mn 4+ showed slower reaction kinetics in L… 8 5 4 83 #/texts/80 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p8:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 272.79, 212.3, 17.91] 3. Recent progress on promoting the electrochemical performance of LMR cathodes 3. Recent progress on promoting the electrochemical performance of LMR cathodes 8 6 5 84 #/texts/81 text body True None body body True p8:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 304.2, 251.09, 70.18] To accelerate the commercialization of LMR cathodes, researchers devoted a lot of efforts to optimize the electrochemical performance through different methods. Fortunately, the three concerns discussed above have been … To accelerate the commercialization of LMR cathodes, researchers devoted a lot of efforts to optimize the electrochemical performance through different methods. Fortunately, the three concerns discussed above have been … 8 7 6 85 #/texts/82 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p8:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.7, 391.81, 84.2, 7.96] 3.1. Morphology design 3.1. Morphology design 8 8 7 86 #/texts/83 text body True None body body True p8:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 413.16, 251.1, 80.61] Various morphologies, such as 1D nanowires, 1D nanotubes, 2D nanoplates, 3D porous morphology and other hierarchical nano morphologies, have been widely reported in other layered oxides, including LCO and NMC [60,61]. I… Various morphologies, such as 1D nanowires, 1D nanotubes, 2D nanoplates, 3D porous morphology and other hierarchical nano morphologies, have been widely reported in other layered oxides, including LCO and NMC [60,61]. I… 8 9 8 87 #/texts/84#prov0 text body True None body body True p8:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 495.22, 251.12, 260.09] Cathode materials with nano morphology have better Li + diffusion kinetics by shortening the transportation path, thus better rate performance. Deng et al. synthesized Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 spinel/layered nanowires … Cathode materials with nano morphology have better Li + diffusion kinetics by shortening the transportation path, thus better rate performance. Deng et al. synthesized Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 spinel/layered nanowires … 8 3 9 88 #/texts/78 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p8:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [417.77, 47.81, 139.86, 6.37] Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 8 10 10 89 #/texts/84#prov1 text body True None body body True p8:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 67.95, 251.08, 59.69] a Coulombic efficiency of 93%. After 200 cycles at 1C, it still has an excellent capacity retention of 92%. Similarly, Xu et al. synthesized a hierarchical quasi-spherical Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 oxide with active (010)-orien… a Coulombic efficiency of 93%. After 200 cycles at 1C, it still has an excellent capacity retention of 92%. Similarly, Xu et al. synthesized a hierarchical quasi-spherical Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 oxide with active (010)-orien… 8 11 11 90 #/texts/85 text body True None body body True p8:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 130.72, 251.11, 394.46] In addition, a three-dimensional architecture with more free space between primary particles is another way to improve the cycling stability, since the volume expansion can be accommodated during cycling. Zhang et al. b… In addition, a three-dimensional architecture with more free space between primary particles is another way to improve the cycling stability, since the volume expansion can be accommodated during cycling. Zhang et al. b… 8 12 12 91 #/texts/86 text body True None body body True p8:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.6, 528.19, 251.12, 195.75] Design and construction of special morphologies is also a novel and efficient approach to improve the electrochemical performance of electrode materials. As shown in Fig. 4(c), Oh et al. prepared Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 in 10… Design and construction of special morphologies is also a novel and efficient approach to improve the electrochemical performance of electrode materials. As shown in Fig. 4(c), Oh et al. prepared Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 in 10… 8 13 13 92 #/texts/87 text body True None body body True p8:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.6, 726.95, 251.1, 28.34] In summary, the positive effects of nanoscale morphology design can be summarized as below: (1) shortening Li + diffusion pathway and increasing rate capacity; (2) releasing the strain from In summary, the positive effects of nanoscale morphology design can be summarized as below: (1) shortening Li + diffusion pathway and increasing rate capacity; (2) releasing the strain from 8 14 14 93 #/texts/88 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [291.91, 764.24, 11.45, 5.93] 375 375 9 2 1 94 #/texts/90 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p9:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 47.86, 69.84, 6.37] Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. 9 3 2 95 #/texts/91 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption True p9:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 67.94, 322.38, 14.49] Table 3 The electrochemical performance of LMR cathodes with different structure designs reported in recent years. Table 3 The electrochemical performance of LMR cathodes with different structure designs reported in recent years. 9 4 3 96 #/texts/92 text body True None body body True p9:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [250, 250, 250] white False False [37.64, 212.45, 22.48, 5.93] Table 4 Table 4 9 5 4 97 #/texts/93 text body True None body body True p9:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 221.01, 317.82, 5.93] The electrochemical performance of LMR cathodes with different element doping reported in recent years. The electrochemical performance of LMR cathodes with different element doping reported in recent years. 9 6 5 98 #/texts/94 text body True None body body True p9:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 380.56, 251.11, 91.09] volume change caused by phase transformation, enhancing the mechanical stability, and contributing to the cycling stability. However, there are also some disadvantages using this strategy, such as complicated preparatio… volume change caused by phase transformation, enhancing the mechanical stability, and contributing to the cycling stability. However, there are also some disadvantages using this strategy, such as complicated preparatio… 9 7 6 99 #/texts/95 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p9:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.7, 485.35, 56.76, 7.96] 3.2. Bulk design 3.2. Bulk design 9 8 7 100 #/texts/96 text body True None body body True p9:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 506.7, 251.07, 28.34] Bulk design is essential to improve the structural stability so as to promote the electrochemical performance of LMR cathode. This section is divided into two parts: structure design and bulk doping. Bulk design is essential to improve the structural stability so as to promote the electrochemical performance of LMR cathode. This section is divided into two parts: structure design and bulk doping. 9 9 8 101 #/texts/97 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p9:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.7, 548.68, 80.52, 7.96] 3.2.1. Structure design 3.2.1. Structure design 9 10 9 102 #/texts/98 text body True None body body True p9:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 559.6, 251.12, 38.82] Structure design is an effective method to enhance the electrochemical performance of LMR cathode, which includes introducing porous structure, structural defects, gradient elemental distribution, and etc. Structure design is an effective method to enhance the electrochemical performance of LMR cathode, which includes introducing porous structure, structural defects, gradient elemental distribution, and etc. 9 11 10 103 #/texts/99#prov0 text body True None body body True p9:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 601.43, 251.13, 153.86] Firstly, porous structure is an effective strategy to increase the electrolyte/electrode contact area, and buffer the volume expansion due to the phase transformation during cycling. Li et al. designed hierarchical meso… Firstly, porous structure is an effective strategy to increase the electrolyte/electrode contact area, and buffer the volume expansion due to the phase transformation during cycling. Li et al. designed hierarchical meso… 9 1 11 104 #/texts/89 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p9:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [417.71, 47.86, 139.91, 6.37] Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 9 12 12 105 #/texts/99#prov1 text body True None body body True p9:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 380.56, 251.04, 17.91] morphology. It displayed a better rate performance compared to the sample without a porous structure. morphology. It displayed a better rate performance compared to the sample without a porous structure. 9 13 13 106 #/texts/100 text body True None body body True p9:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 401.48, 251.11, 352.62] Another effective method to improve the electrochemical performance of LMR cathode is introducing structural defects in the lattice. Xia et al. introduced multiple structural defects in Li1.143Ni0.136Co0.136Mn0.544O2 by… Another effective method to improve the electrochemical performance of LMR cathode is introducing structural defects in the lattice. Xia et al. introduced multiple structural defects in Li1.143Ni0.136Co0.136Mn0.544O2 by… 9 14 14 107 #/texts/101 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p9:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [291.91, 764.24, 11.45, 5.93] 376 376 10 1 1 108 #/texts/102 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p10:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 47.86, 69.84, 6.37] Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. 10 2 2 109 #/texts/103 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p10:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [417.77, 47.8, 139.86, 6.37] Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 10 3 3 110 #/texts/104 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p10:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 405.2, 520.07, 57.35] Fig. 6. (a) XRD patterns of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 and Li1.17Na0.03[Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54]O2. (b) The cycling performance of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 and Li1.17Na0.03[Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54]O2 at the current density of 100… Fig. 6. (a) XRD patterns of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 and Li1.17Na0.03[Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54]O2. (b) The cycling performance of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 and Li1.17Na0.03[Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54]O2 at the current density of 100… 10 4 4 111 #/texts/105 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p10:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 484.4, 318.95, 14.55] Table 5 The electrochemical performance of LMR cathodes with different surface coatings reported in recent years. Table 5 The electrochemical performance of LMR cathodes with different surface coatings reported in recent years. 10 5 5 112 #/texts/106 text body True None body body False None bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p10:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 705.41, 251.08, 49.26] Besides, gradient cathode materials have become a hot topic in recent years [79]. Ju et al. designed a gradient oxide Li1.2Mn0.44Co0.04Ni0.32O2 (Fig. 5g), in which Ni element increases and Mn element decreases from the … Besides, gradient cathode materials have become a hot topic in recent years [79]. Ju et al. designed a gradient oxide Li1.2Mn0.44Co0.04Ni0.32O2 (Fig. 5g), in which Ni element increases and Mn element decreases from the … 10 6 6 113 #/texts/107#prov0 text body True None body body False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p10:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 705.41, 251.09, 49.26] (Fig. 5h-i) [80]. Owing to the gradient distribution of Ni and Mn elements, the Ni/Mn ratio is much higher at the surface. Therefore, TM migration was suppressed and the voltage and capacity decay during long-term cycli… (Fig. 5h-i) [80]. Owing to the gradient distribution of Ni and Mn elements, the Ni/Mn ratio is much higher at the surface. Therefore, TM migration was suppressed and the voltage and capacity decay during long-term cycli… 10 7 7 114 #/texts/108 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p10:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [291.91, 764.24, 11.45, 5.93] 377 377 11 2 1 115 #/texts/109 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p11:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p11:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 47.86, 69.84, 6.37] Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. 11 3 2 116 #/texts/110 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [417.71, 47.86, 139.91, 6.37] Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 11 4 3 117 #/texts/111 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p11:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 454.36, 520.06, 40.18] Fig. 7. (a) Schematic diagram of Al2O3 coated Li1.2Ni0.20Co0.08Mn0.52O2. (b) The capacity-voltage profiles of Al2O3 coated Li1.2Ni0.20Co0.08Mn0.52O2 in different cycles. Reproduced from Ref. [102] with permission from E… Fig. 7. (a) Schematic diagram of Al2O3 coated Li1.2Ni0.20Co0.08Mn0.52O2. (b) The capacity-voltage profiles of Al2O3 coated Li1.2Ni0.20Co0.08Mn0.52O2 in different cycles. Reproduced from Ref. [102] with permission from E… 11 5 4 118 #/texts/112 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption True p11:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p11:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 516.32, 403.6, 14.49] Table 6 The electrochemical performance of LMR cathodes with different surface doping and other surface treatments reported in recent years. Table 6 The electrochemical performance of LMR cathodes with different surface doping and other surface treatments reported in recent years. 11 1 5 119 #/texts/107#prov1 text body True None body body True p11:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p11:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 662.95, 251.07, 17.91] is another effective method to improve the electrochemical performance of LMR oxides. We will elaborate on it in Section 3.3. is another effective method to improve the electrochemical performance of LMR oxides. We will elaborate on it in Section 3.3. 11 6 6 120 #/texts/113 text body True None body body True p11:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p11:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 683.87, 251.12, 70.19] In addition, since O3-type LMR cathodes suffer severe voltage and capacity decay, synthesizing O2-type LMR cathodes is also an effective remedy. Xia et al. prepared an O2-type Li-rich material with a single-layer Li2MnO… In addition, since O3-type LMR cathodes suffer severe voltage and capacity decay, synthesizing O2-type LMR cathodes is also an effective remedy. Xia et al. prepared an O2-type Li-rich material with a single-layer Li2MnO… 11 7 7 121 #/texts/114#prov0 text body True None body body False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 662.95, 251.11, 91.09] In summary, various structure design methods, including introducing porous structure, structural defects, elemental gradient distribution and O2-type structure in LMR cathodes could distinctly promote the electrochemica… In summary, various structure design methods, including introducing porous structure, structural defects, elemental gradient distribution and O2-type structure in LMR cathodes could distinctly promote the electrochemica… 11 8 8 122 #/texts/115 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [291.91, 764.24, 11.45, 5.93] 378 378 12 2 1 123 #/texts/116 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p12:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 47.86, 69.84, 6.37] Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. 12 3 2 124 #/texts/117 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p12:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [417.77, 47.81, 139.86, 6.37] Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 12 4 3 125 #/texts/118 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 408.83, 520.06, 49.4] Fig. 8. (a) Illustration of the Li3PO4 coating process at the surface of Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 through annealing at different temperatures. (b) TEM image of Li3PO4 coating layer. Reproduced from Ref. [107] with permission f… Fig. 8. (a) Illustration of the Li3PO4 coating process at the surface of Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 through annealing at different temperatures. (b) TEM image of Li3PO4 coating layer. Reproduced from Ref. [107] with permission f… 12 1 4 126 #/texts/114#prov1 text body True None body body True p12:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 474.78, 251.13, 38.82] cess control, and bring with the relative low capacity. Elemental gradient design and ion exchange for O2-type structure also demand complicated synthetic devices, thus increasing the difficulty of commercialization and… cess control, and bring with the relative low capacity. Elemental gradient design and ion exchange for O2-type structure also demand complicated synthetic devices, thus increasing the difficulty of commercialization and… 12 5 5 127 #/texts/119 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p12:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.7, 527.76, 64.79, 7.96] 3.2.2. Bulk doping 3.2.2. Bulk doping 12 6 6 128 #/texts/120 text body True None body body True p12:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 538.68, 251.09, 38.82] Bulk doping has been widely reported as a traditional but effective method to improve the electrochemical performance of cathodes in LIBs, and it has also been widely applied in LMR cathodes (Table 4). Bulk doping has been widely reported as a traditional but effective method to improve the electrochemical performance of cathodes in LIBs, and it has also been widely applied in LMR cathodes (Table 4). 12 7 7 129 #/texts/121#prov0 text body True None body body True p12:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 580.52, 251.13, 174.78] Elements in the third period like Na and Mg, have been widely adopted for bulking doping. He et al. successfully introduced Na ions in the lattice of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 through a polymer pyrolysis method [84]. Ow… Elements in the third period like Na and Mg, have been widely adopted for bulking doping. He et al. successfully introduced Na ions in the lattice of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 through a polymer pyrolysis method [84]. Ow… 12 8 8 130 #/texts/121#prov1 text body True None body body True p12:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 474.78, 251.1, 227.1] enhanced the structural stability of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 cathode, which displayed better cycling stability. Du et al. performed the similar experiments [87]. Interestingly, Na ions have not been introduced to the … enhanced the structural stability of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 cathode, which displayed better cycling stability. Du et al. performed the similar experiments [87]. Interestingly, Na ions have not been introduced to the … 12 9 9 131 #/texts/122#prov0 text body True None body body True p12:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 704.96, 251.06, 49.26] In addition, two or more ions together may play different roles in multiple elemental doping, which make it possible for them to work synergistically to produce better electrochemistry than the single elemental doping, … In addition, two or more ions together may play different roles in multiple elemental doping, which make it possible for them to work synergistically to produce better electrochemistry than the single elemental doping, … 12 10 10 132 #/texts/123 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [291.91, 764.24, 11.45, 5.93] 379 379 13 2 1 133 #/texts/124 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p13:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p13:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 47.86, 69.84, 6.37] Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. 13 3 2 134 #/texts/125 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p13:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p13:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [417.71, 47.86, 139.91, 6.37] Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 13 4 3 135 #/texts/126 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p13:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 273.34, 520.06, 40.18] Fig. 9. (a) Schematic illustration of the detailed process of GO modified at the surface of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 cathode and the following heat treatment. (b) HRTEM image and the corresponding FFT of the layered Li… Fig. 9. (a) Schematic illustration of the detailed process of GO modified at the surface of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 cathode and the following heat treatment. (b) HRTEM image and the corresponding FFT of the layered Li… 13 5 4 136 #/texts/127 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p13:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 537.3, 520.07, 40.23] Fig. 10. (a) HAADF-STEM image of the Zr-modified Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 cathode along [100] zone axis and the corresponding atomic models. (b) The cycling performance of Zr-modified Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 cathode … Fig. 10. (a) HAADF-STEM image of the Zr-modified Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 cathode along [100] zone axis and the corresponding atomic models. (b) The cycling performance of Zr-modified Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 cathode … 13 1 5 137 #/texts/122#prov1 text body True None body body True p13:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p13:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 611.92, 251.11, 143.37] in Fig. 6(f) [95]. The Na and F dopants worked synergistically in the Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 cathode. Na doping partly restricted the forming of spinel structure during cycling, and F doping increased the ionic and electroni… in Fig. 6(f) [95]. The Na and F dopants worked synergistically in the Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 cathode. Na doping partly restricted the forming of spinel structure during cycling, and F doping increased the ionic and electroni… 13 6 6 138 #/texts/128 text body True None body body True p13:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p13:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 611.92, 251.05, 17.85] cathodes like metal ions and nonmetallic ions co-doping have also been reported recently [97,98]. cathodes like metal ions and nonmetallic ions co-doping have also been reported recently [97,98]. 13 7 7 139 #/texts/129 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p13:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p13:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.65, 642.84, 89.45, 7.96] 3.3. Surface modification 3.3. Surface modification 13 8 8 140 #/texts/130 text body True None body body True p13:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p13:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 664.19, 251.05, 28.34] Surface modification is another effective way to improve the performance of LMR oxides, which includes surface coating, surface doping, and other special surface treatment. Surface modification is another effective way to improve the performance of LMR oxides, which includes surface coating, surface doping, and other special surface treatment. 13 9 9 141 #/texts/131 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p13:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p13:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.65, 705.6, 77.14, 7.96] 3.3.1. Surface coating 3.3.1. Surface coating 13 10 10 142 #/texts/132#prov0 text body True None body body True p13:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p13:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 716.52, 251.08, 38.77] To reduce the side reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface, it is straightforward to build an electrochemically-inert protective layer, or a surface coating, on the surface of the cathodes [99-101]. For LMR cat… To reduce the side reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface, it is straightforward to build an electrochemically-inert protective layer, or a surface coating, on the surface of the cathodes [99-101]. For LMR cat… 13 11 11 143 #/texts/133 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p13:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [253, 253, 253] white False True [291.91, 764.24, 11.38, 5.93] 380 380 14 2 1 144 #/texts/134 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p14:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p14:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 47.86, 69.84, 6.37] Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. 14 1 2 145 #/texts/132#prov1 text body True None body body True p14:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p14:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 67.96, 251.06, 17.85] organic polymer, etc. have been chosen as coating materials, as shown in Table 5. organic polymer, etc. have been chosen as coating materials, as shown in Table 5. 14 4 3 146 #/texts/136 text body True None body body True p14:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p14:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 88.88, 251.12, 248.02] Al2O3 has been widely adopted in LMR cathodes as one of the most popular coating materials due to the material availability and various coating routes. Xu et al. coated highly crystalline Al2O3 on Li1.2Ni0.20Co0.08Mn0.5… Al2O3 has been widely adopted in LMR cathodes as one of the most popular coating materials due to the material availability and various coating routes. Xu et al. coated highly crystalline Al2O3 on Li1.2Ni0.20Co0.08Mn0.5… 14 5 4 147 #/texts/137#prov0 text body True None body body True p14:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p14:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 339.91, 251.1, 101.58] Phosphates has also been regarded as effective candidates for surface coating. Xiao et al. coated aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) at the surface of LMR through atomic layer deposition (ALD) method [104]. They found a spinel … Phosphates has also been regarded as effective candidates for surface coating. Xiao et al. coated aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) at the surface of LMR through atomic layer deposition (ALD) method [104]. They found a spinel … 14 8 5 148 #/texts/139 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p14:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [116.73, 749.05, 361.77, 5.93] Fig. 11. Schematic illustration for the recent progress in improving the electrochemical performance of LMR cathodes. Fig. 11. Schematic illustration for the recent progress in improving the electrochemical performance of LMR cathodes. 14 3 6 149 #/texts/135 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p14:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p14:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [417.77, 47.8, 139.86, 6.37] Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 14 6 7 150 #/texts/137#prov1 text body True None body body True p14:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p14:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 67.96, 251.07, 112.02] moted initial Coulombic efficiency, AlPO4 coating was also reported to improve the capacity stability [105,106]. Li3PO4 is another phosphate candidate for surface coating. Lee et al. synthesized Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 with a… moted initial Coulombic efficiency, AlPO4 coating was also reported to improve the capacity stability [105,106]. Li3PO4 is another phosphate candidate for surface coating. Lee et al. synthesized Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 with a… 14 7 8 151 #/texts/138#prov0 text body True None body body True p14:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p14:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 182.99, 251.11, 258.51] Surface coating using fluorides, organic polymers, layered and spinel oxides etc. for LMR cathodes, have also been widely reported in recent years [109-113]. Zhang et al. successfully coated AlF3 at the surface of Li1.2… Surface coating using fluorides, organic polymers, layered and spinel oxides etc. for LMR cathodes, have also been widely reported in recent years [109-113]. Zhang et al. successfully coated AlF3 at the surface of Li1.2… 14 9 9 152 #/texts/140 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p14:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [291.91, 764.24, 11.45, 5.93] 381 381 15 2 1 153 #/texts/141 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p15:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p15:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 47.86, 69.84, 6.37] Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. 15 1 2 154 #/texts/138#prov1 text body True None body body True p15:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p15:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 67.96, 251.1, 122.45] delivered a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 89.7% and superb cycling stability, which was demonstrated by a high capacity of 228.3 mA h g 1 after 200 cycles. Chen et al. employed inverse spinel-structured Mg2TiO4… delivered a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 89.7% and superb cycling stability, which was demonstrated by a high capacity of 228.3 mA h g 1 after 200 cycles. Chen et al. employed inverse spinel-structured Mg2TiO4… 15 4 3 155 #/texts/143 text body True None body body True p15:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p15:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 193.47, 251.13, 332.49] In addition to these common surface coating, carbon coating or molten salt were also utilized. Carbon coating with a high electric conductivity can improve the electric contact between the particles, thus decreasing the… In addition to these common surface coating, carbon coating or molten salt were also utilized. Carbon coating with a high electric conductivity can improve the electric contact between the particles, thus decreasing the… 15 5 4 156 #/texts/144 text body True None body body True p15:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p15:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 528.19, 251.13, 164.34] Although surface coating is one effective method to promote the electrochemistry, there are still some concerns during practical operations. (1) The uniformity of the coating. A uniform and thorough coating can effectiv… Although surface coating is one effective method to promote the electrochemistry, there are still some concerns during practical operations. (1) The uniformity of the coating. A uniform and thorough coating can effectiv… 15 6 5 157 #/texts/145 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p15:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p15:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.7, 708.95, 75.28, 7.96] 3.3.2. Surface doping 3.3.2. Surface doping 15 7 6 158 #/texts/146#prov0 text body True None body body True p15:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p15:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 719.87, 251.1, 28.34] Surface doping is an effective way to improve electron and ion conductivity (Table 6). Li et al. synthesized Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 through a coprecipitation method and performed Zr surface doping Surface doping is an effective way to improve electron and ion conductivity (Table 6). Li et al. synthesized Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 through a coprecipitation method and performed Zr surface doping 15 3 7 159 #/texts/142 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p15:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p15:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [417.71, 47.86, 139.91, 6.37] Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 15 8 8 160 #/texts/146#prov1 text body True None body body True p15:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p15:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 67.95, 251.06, 237.53] using a wet chemical method [122]. They found Zr element distributedwithinathicknessof1-2nmfromthesurface,andthislayer appeared in the form of rock-salt structure, as shown in Fig. 10(a). The modified sample exhibited b… using a wet chemical method [122]. They found Zr element distributedwithinathicknessof1-2nmfromthesurface,andthislayer appeared in the form of rock-salt structure, as shown in Fig. 10(a). The modified sample exhibited b… 15 9 9 161 #/texts/147 text body True None body body True p15:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p15:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 308.56, 251.08, 185.21] In addition to cation doping, anion doping is another route for enhancing LMR cathodes. One of the most widely reported doping elements is fluorine, which has also been widely used to dope others layered cathodes [127,1… In addition to cation doping, anion doping is another route for enhancing LMR cathodes. One of the most widely reported doping elements is fluorine, which has also been widely used to dope others layered cathodes [127,1… 15 10 10 162 #/texts/148 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p15:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p15:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.65, 510.24, 112.01, 7.96] 3.3.3. Other surface treatments 3.3.3. Other surface treatments 15 11 11 163 #/texts/149 text body True None body body True p15:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p15:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.6, 521.1, 251.08, 206.18] Erickson et al. synthesized a LMR material with ammonia surface modification [134]. Co and Mn reduction in the bulk and the formation of LiOH, Li2CO3, and Li2O at the surface (due to removal of Li-ion from the bulk) cou… Erickson et al. synthesized a LMR material with ammonia surface modification [134]. Co and Mn reduction in the bulk and the formation of LiOH, Li2CO3, and Li2O at the surface (due to removal of Li-ion from the bulk) cou… 15 12 12 164 #/texts/150#prov0 text body True None body body True p15:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p15:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.6, 730.3, 251.07, 17.91] In addition, introducing electrolyte additives to form a protective interface for LMR cathodes is also an effective method. Zheng In addition, introducing electrolyte additives to form a protective interface for LMR cathodes is also an effective method. Zheng 15 13 13 165 #/texts/151 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p15:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [291.91, 764.24, 11.45, 5.93] 382 382 16 2 1 166 #/texts/152 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p16:body_region:0 top_margin left None None p16:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 47.86, 69.84, 6.37] Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. Y. Li, Z. Li, C. Chen et al. 16 3 2 167 #/texts/153 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin right None None p16:top_margin:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [417.77, 47.8, 139.86, 6.37] Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 Journal of Energy Chemistry 61 (2021) 368-385 16 1 3 168 #/texts/150#prov1 text body True None body body True p16:body_region:0 front_matter left_crossing None None p16:front_matter:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 67.96, 251.1, 101.53] et al. utilized the phenyl vinyl sulfone (PVS) as a novel electrolyte additive and the cycling stability of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 cathode was markedly promoted [136]. This could be attributed to the function of PVS … et al. utilized the phenyl vinyl sulfone (PVS) as a novel electrolyte additive and the cycling stability of Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 cathode was markedly promoted [136]. This could be attributed to the function of PVS … 16 15 4 169 #/texts/165 section_header back_matter_heading False low early_back_matter_heading early_back_matter_heading False None front_matter right_crossing None None p16:front_matter:right_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.6, 68.75, 73.61, 7.42] Acknowledgments Acknowledgments 16 16 5 170 #/texts/166 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None front_matter right_crossing None None p16:front_matter:right_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.6, 89.67, 251.05, 49.26] This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFB0700600), the Soft Science Research Project of Guangdong Province (No. 2017B030301013), and the Shenzhen Science and Technology Resear… This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFB0700600), the Soft Science Research Project of Guangdong Province (No. 2017B030301013), and the Shenzhen Science and Technology Resear… 16 17 6 171 #/texts/167 section_header back_matter_heading False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None front_matter right_crossing None None p16:front_matter:right_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.65, 163.94, 43.1, 7.42] References References 16 4 7 172 #/texts/154 text body True None body body True p16:body_region:0 front_matter left_crossing None None p16:front_matter:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 172.55, 251.12, 80.66] It is possible to achieve multiple purposes in one-pass surface treatment, including elemental doping, surface coating, the formation of surficial spinel phase, and etc. The combination of these modifications may lead t… It is possible to achieve multiple purposes in one-pass surface treatment, including elemental doping, surface coating, the formation of surficial spinel phase, and etc. The combination of these modifications may lead t… 16 20 8 173 #/texts/170 list_item unknown_text False medium inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None front_matter right None None p16:front_matter:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [313.0, 207.06, 174.31, 5.93] M.S. 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Sci. 4 (2011) 269-284. 16 6 20 185 #/texts/156 text body True None body body True p16:body_region:0 body_zone left_crossing None None p16:body_zone:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 304.19, 251.1, 91.09] In conclusion, LMR layered oxide as one of the most promising next-generation cathodes, still suffers some disadvantages, including the low initial Coulombic efficiency, poor rate performance, and severe voltage and cap… In conclusion, LMR layered oxide as one of the most promising next-generation cathodes, still suffers some disadvantages, including the low initial Coulombic efficiency, poor rate performance, and severe voltage and cap… 16 32 21 186 #/texts/182 list_item affiliation False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None body_zone right None None p16:body_zone:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [309.83, 342.56, 201.07, 5.93] J. Hu, J. Zhang, Chinese J. Struc. Chem. 38 (2019) 2005-2008. J. Hu, J. Zhang, Chinese J. Struc. 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Bull. 15 (1980) 783-789. 16 33 27 192 #/texts/183 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None body_zone right None None p16:body_zone:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [309.83, 350.55, 247.81, 21.86] Y. Wei, J.X. Zheng, S.H. Cui, X.H. Song, Y.T. Su, W.J. Deng, Z.Z. Wu, X.W. Wang, W.D. Wang, M.M. Rao, Y. Lin, C.M. Wang, K. Amine, F. Pan, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137 (2015) 8364-8367. Y. Wei, J.X. Zheng, S.H. Cui, X.H. Song, Y.T. Su, W.J. Deng, Z.Z. Wu, X.W. Wang, W.D. Wang, M.M. Rao, Y. Lin, C.M. Wang, K. Amine, F. Pan, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137 (2015) 8364-8367. 16 7 28 193 #/texts/157 text body True None body body True p16:body_region:0 body_zone left_crossing None None p16:body_zone:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 398.3, 251.06, 28.34] Although a large number of research achievements have been reported, there are still some concerns to be considered before successful commercialization. Although a large number of research achievements have been reported, there are still some concerns to be considered before successful commercialization. 16 36 29 194 #/texts/186 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None body_zone right None None p16:body_zone:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [309.83, 398.4, 247.79, 13.87] M.M. Thackeray, W.I.F. David, P.G. Bruce, J.B. Goodenough, Mater. Res. Bull. 18 (1983) 461-472. M.M. Thackeray, W.I.F. David, P.G. Bruce, J.B. Goodenough, Mater. Res. Bull. 18 (1983) 461-472. 16 37 30 195 #/texts/187 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None body_zone right None None p16:body_zone:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [309.83, 414.33, 247.81, 13.87] A.K. Padhi, K.S. Nanjundaswamy, J.B. Goodenough, J. Electrochem. Soc. 144 (1997) 1188-1194. A.K. Padhi, K.S. Nanjundaswamy, J.B. Goodenough, J. Electrochem. Soc. 144 (1997) 1188-1194. 16 8 31 196 #/texts/158 list_item body True None recovered_body_outside_flow recovered_body_outside_flow True p16:body_region:0 body_zone left_crossing None None p16:body_zone:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 429.71, 251.07, 28.34] Although the initial Coulombic efficiency of LMR cathode has been promoted by the modification methods mentioned above, it still cannot meet the requirement for a practical LIB system. Although the initial Coulombic efficiency of LMR cathode has been promoted by the modification methods mentioned above, it still cannot meet the requirement for a practical LIB system. 16 39 32 197 #/texts/189 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None body_zone right None None p16:body_zone:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [309.83, 446.19, 247.81, 13.93] Z.H. Lu, L.Y. Beaulieu, R.A. Donaberger, C.L. Thomas, J.R. Dahn, J. Electrochem. Soc. 149 (2002) A778-A791. Z.H. Lu, L.Y. Beaulieu, R.A. Donaberger, C.L. Thomas, J.R. Dahn, J. Electrochem. Soc. 149 (2002) A778-A791. 16 38 33 198 #/texts/188 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None body_zone right None None p16:body_zone:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [309.83, 430.26, 247.8, 13.87] M. Yoshio, H. Noguchi, J. Itoh, M. Okada, T. Mouri, J. Power Sources 90 (2000) 176-181. M. Yoshio, H. Noguchi, J. Itoh, M. Okada, T. Mouri, J. Power Sources 90 (2000) 176-181. 16 9 34 199 #/texts/159 list_item body True None recovered_body_outside_flow recovered_body_outside_flow True p16:body_region:0 body_zone left_crossing None None p16:body_zone:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 461.06, 251.09, 38.82] The previously reported modification methods can only promote the electrochemical performance of LMR cathode in one or two aspects, which cannot solve all the problems mentioned above. Thus, better modification methods … The previously reported modification methods can only promote the electrochemical performance of LMR cathode in one or two aspects, which cannot solve all the problems mentioned above. Thus, better modification methods … 16 41 35 200 #/texts/191 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None body_zone right None None p16:body_zone:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [309.83, 478.05, 233.95, 5.93] C. Zhan, T. Wu, J. Lu, K. Amine, Energy Environ. Sci. 11 (2018) 243-257. C. Zhan, T. Wu, J. Lu, K. Amine, Energy Environ. Sci. 11 (2018) 243-257. 16 40 36 201 #/texts/190 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None body_zone right None None p16:body_zone:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [309.83, 462.12, 247.82, 13.93] M.M. Thackeray, C.S. Johnson, J.T. Vaughey, N. Li, S.A. Hackney, J. Mater. Chem. 15 (2005) 2257-2267. M.M. Thackeray, C.S. Johnson, J.T. Vaughey, N. Li, S.A. Hackney, J. Mater. Chem. 15 (2005) 2257-2267. 16 42 37 202 #/texts/192 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None body_zone right None None p16:body_zone:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [309.83, 486.05, 247.81, 13.93] X. Yu, Y. Lyu, L. Gu, H. Wu, S.-M. Bak, Y. Zhou, K. Amine, S.N. Ehrlich, H. Li, K.W. Nam, X.-Q. Yang, Adv. Energy Mater. 4 (2014) 1300950. X. Yu, Y. Lyu, L. Gu, H. Wu, S.-M. Bak, Y. Zhou, K. Amine, S.N. Ehrlich, H. Li, K.W. Nam, X.-Q. Yang, Adv. Energy Mater. 4 (2014) 1300950. 16 10 38 203 #/texts/160 list_item body True None recovered_body_outside_flow recovered_body_outside_flow True p16:body_region:0 body_zone left_crossing None None p16:body_zone:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 502.96, 251.08, 28.34] The processing cost should be considered. Most of the modification methods mentioned above are complex and expensive, and they are not ready for extensive application. The processing cost should be considered. Most of the modification methods mentioned above are complex and expensive, and they are not ready for extensive application. 16 44 39 204 #/texts/194 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None body_zone right None None p16:body_zone:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [309.83, 517.91, 247.84, 13.93] R. Yu, X. Zhang, T. Liu, X. Xu, Y. Huang, G. Wang, X. Wang, H. Shu, X. Yang, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 5 (2017) 8970-8981. R. Yu, X. Zhang, T. Liu, X. Xu, Y. Huang, G. Wang, X. Wang, H. Shu, X. Yang, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 5 (2017) 8970-8981. 16 43 40 205 #/texts/193 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None body_zone right None None p16:body_zone:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [309.83, 501.98, 247.83, 13.93] R. Shunmugasundaram, R.S. Arumugam, J.R. Dahn, Chem. Mater. 27 (2015) 757-767. R. Shunmugasundaram, R.S. Arumugam, J.R. Dahn, Chem. 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