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      "caption_preview": "Fig. 1 | Electrochemical profile and initial structure of the LMR cathodes. a , The X-ray diffraction pattern and Rietveld refinement results of the LMR cathode. b , Charge-discharge curves of the LMR cathode within a v…",
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      "caption": "Fig. 2 | Strain evolution of the LMR primary particle and its relationship with oxygen release. a-l , In situ ( a ) BCDI images of the 3D LMR particle in the strain field, measured at 3.2 V (OCV) ( b ), 3.75 V ( c ), 3.90 V ( d ), 3.99 V ( e ), 4.09 V ( f ), 4.25 V ( g ), 4.38 V ( h ), 4.43 V ( i ), 4.46 V ( j ), 4.49 V ( k ) and 4.51 V ( l ). The compressive and tensile strains are expressed by blue and red colours, respectively. The strain evolution in each state is detailed by the spatial location of the slices along the y axis. m , In situ differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy measurements for the LMR primary particle. n , Formation energy of O vacancies in Li 2 MnO3 and Li1.5 MnO3 when tensile strains are applied. o , Schematic illustration of the influence of lattice strain on O release.",
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      "caption": "Fig. 3 | Multiscale X-ray diffraction techniques used to investigate the structure evolution of the LMR cathode. a , Schematic of multiscale X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques used in this work. b , In situ CMCD for the DebyeScherrer ring of the (003) peak along with charge and discharge (Dis) curves of the LMR cathode. With just tens of particles giving diffraction signals, CMCD can record semi-statistical information on the structure transmissions of LMR particles and the response of individual crystals, which are typically not visible in conventional X-ray diffraction. Bright spots in the left column show initial multicrystal diffraction corresponding to tens of particles. D 1 , D 2 and D 3 correspond to three lattice distances. c , Ex situ HEXRD of the LMR cathode measured at different potentials. The peak marked by * comes from the polytetrafluoroethylene binder.",
      "caption_preview": "Fig. 3 | Multiscale X-ray diffraction techniques used to investigate the structure evolution of the LMR cathode. a , Schematic of multiscale X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques used in this work. b , In situ CMCD for the…",
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      "caption": "Fig. 4 | Visible observation from atomic-level TEM, 3D electron diffraction and chemical state analysis from EELS. a , Low-magnification TEM image of the LMR cathode charged to 4.47 V. b , Enlarged image of the LMR particle's bulk area. c , High-resolution TEM image of the LMR surface. d , Schematic of the data collection process of 3D-rED. e , Reciprocal lattice along the a * axis of the LMR cathode. f , Enlarged image of the selected area in e . g , SAED image of delithiated sample (4.5 V) at a certain angle of rotation. h , Low-magnification TEM image of the LMR cathode charged to 4.8 V. i , j , EELS line-scan of O K edge ( i ) and Mn L 2,3 edge ( j ) of the LMR cathode charged to 4.8 V. k , 2D EELS mapping of Mn-L3/L2. The high value and low value coloured by red and navy blue correspond to lower and higher valance states of Mn, respectively.",
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