page source_page_order layout_page_order layout_order ref label role_guess included_in_body excluded_risk_level body_decision_reason parser_body_decision_reason production_usage visual_asset_type visual_asset_label visual_asset_caption_preview truncation_marker inside_body_region body_region_id zone column column_index column_count region_id background_rgb background_class is_gray_background has_frame_evidence bbox text_preview cleaned_text_preview 1 2 1 0 #/texts/1 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored [130, 171, 211] colored False True [519.14, 60.77, 38.3, 6.98] Perspective Perspective 1 3 2 1 #/texts/2 text metadata False low document_web_address document_web_address False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [504.74, 77.04, 59.66, 6.98] pubs.acs.org/JPCL pubs.acs.org/JPCL 1 4 3 2 #/texts/3 section_header title_candidate False low non_body_heading non_body_heading True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 116.21, 480.4, 37.86] High-Energy Cathode Materials (Li2MnO3 -LiMO2) for Lithium-Ion Batteries High-Energy Cathode Materials (Li2MnO3 -LiMO2) for Lithium-Ion Batteries 1 5 4 3 #/texts/4 text affiliation False low front_matter_author_line front_matter_author_line True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 156.08, 173.08, 17.32] Haijun Yu † and Haoshen Zhou * , † , ‡ Haijun Yu † and Haoshen Zhou * , † , ‡ 1 6 5 4 #/texts/5 footnote footnote False low docling_footnote docling_footnote True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 179.44, 503.93, 24.77] † Energy Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305-8568, Japan † Energy Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305-8568, Japan 1 7 6 5 #/texts/6 footnote footnote False low docling_footnote docling_footnote True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 204.44, 503.98, 24.77] ‡ National Laboratory of Solid state Microstructures & Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China ‡ National Laboratory of Solid state Microstructures & Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China 1 1 7 6 #/texts/0 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [3.61, 229.45, 15.98, 342.05] Downloaded via JILIN UNIV on July 12, 2026 at 04:31:17 (UTC). See https:/pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines for options on how to legitimately share published articles. Downloaded via JILIN UNIV on July 12, 2026 at 04:31:17 (UTC). See https:/pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines for options on how to legitimately share published articles. 1 8 8 7 #/texts/7 text abstract_candidate False medium inline_abstract inline_abstract True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:colored [255, 242, 208] colored False False [69.45, 247.25, 341.67, 111.16] ABSTRACT: Lithium-rich layered oxide materials x Li2MnO3 · (1 -x )LiMO2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, etc.) have attracted much attention for the use of cathode materials in lithiumion batteries in recent years. However, the… ABSTRACT: Lithium-rich layered oxide materials x Li2MnO3 · (1 -x )LiMO2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, etc.) have attracted much attention for the use of cathode materials in lithiumion batteries in recent years. However, the… 1 9 9 8 #/texts/8 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 409.33, 240.06, 123.08] A s the problems of fossil energy exhaustion, global warming, and environment pollution plague modern society, sustainable energies have gradually become a worldwide topic. There have also been increasing demands for wi… A s the problems of fossil energy exhaustion, global warming, and environment pollution plague modern society, sustainable energies have gradually become a worldwide topic. There have also been increasing demands for wi… 1 10 10 9 #/texts/9 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 534.71, 239.99, 132.68] Owing to the key roles of cathode materials on energy density and the cost of current lithium-ion batteries, several alternative cathode materials, such as LiCoO2, LiNi0.8 Co0.15 Al0.05O2, LiNi0.33 Co0.33Mn0.33O2, spine… Owing to the key roles of cathode materials on energy density and the cost of current lithium-ion batteries, several alternative cathode materials, such as LiCoO2, LiNi0.8 Co0.15 Al0.05O2, LiNi0.33 Co0.33Mn0.33O2, spine… 1 11 11 10 #/texts/10#prov0 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p1:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 669.75, 239.98, 89.31] Among the reported cathode materials so far, the lithium-rich layered oxide materials (LLOs) have attracted much attention in recent years because their capacities can be larger than 280 mAhg -1 with 3.6 V or larger ope… Among the reported cathode materials so far, the lithium-rich layered oxide materials (LLOs) have attracted much attention in recent years because their capacities can be larger than 280 mAhg -1 with 3.6 V or larger ope… 1 20 12 11 #/texts/18 page_footer page_footer False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [168.49, 771.47, 95.03, 5.58] © 2013 American Chemical Society © 2013 American Chemical Society 1 13 13 12 #/texts/11 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 595.55, 239.98, 17.9] Figure 1. Voltage and capacity of the main cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Figure 1. Voltage and capacity of the main cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. 1 12 14 13 #/texts/10#prov1 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 635.06, 240.04, 74.79] notations are equal to the same material and have been used extensively in the published literature. For example, the 0.5Li2MnO3 · 0.5LiMn0.42 Ni0.42Co0.16O2 material can also be described as Li[Li 0.2 Mn0.567 Ni0.166 C… notations are equal to the same material and have been used extensively in the published literature. For example, the 0.5Li2MnO3 · 0.5LiMn0.42 Ni0.42Co0.16O2 material can also be described as Li[Li 0.2 Mn0.567 Ni0.166 C… 1 15 15 14 #/texts/13 text metadata False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [367.99, 727.13, 54.32, 7.92] January 7, 2013 January 7, 2013 1 14 16 15 #/texts/12 text metadata False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 727.21, 34.65, 7.77] Received: Received: 1 17 17 16 #/texts/15 text metadata False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [367.99, 738.19, 55.06, 7.92] March 28, 2013 March 28, 2013 1 16 18 17 #/texts/14 text unknown_text False medium outside_body_flow outside_body_flow True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 738.27, 35.4, 7.77] Accepted: Accepted: 1 19 19 18 #/texts/17 text metadata False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [367.99, 749.19, 55.06, 7.92] March 28, 2013 March 28, 2013 1 18 20 19 #/texts/16 text metadata False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [324.45, 749.27, 37.75, 7.77] Published: Published: 1 22 21 20 #/texts/20 page_footer page_footer False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [387.33, 769.98, 177.16, 7.74] dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz400032v | J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1268 -1280 dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz400032v | J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1268 -1280 1 21 22 21 #/texts/19 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p1:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [304.5, 770.73, 15.93, 6.54] 1268 1268 2 1 1 22 #/texts/21 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p2:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 48.93, 181.19, 8.72] The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2 3 2 23 #/texts/23 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p2:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 69.37, 239.98, 52.8] local structures are discussed. The second section discusses the reaction mechanisms, especially the fi rst charge and discharge processes. The third section describes the electrochemical performance, current main probl… local structures are discussed. The second section discusses the reaction mechanisms, especially the fi rst charge and discharge processes. The third section describes the electrochemical performance, current main probl… 2 4 3 24 #/texts/24 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p2:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:page_body:column_1_of_2:colored [255, 242, 208] colored False False [88.5, 135.92, 183.96, 109.37] The rechargeable capacity and energy density of LLO materials at room temperature can be close to 280 mAhg -1 and 1000 Whkg -1 , respectively, which are about twice that of current commercial cathode materials for lithi… The rechargeable capacity and energy density of LLO materials at room temperature can be close to 280 mAhg -1 and 1000 Whkg -1 , respectively, which are about twice that of current commercial cathode materials for lithi… 2 5 4 25 #/texts/25 caption caption False low docling_caption docling_caption True p2:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 262.87, 239.98, 32.52] These LLOs were fi rst researched as cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries by Thackeray et al. when they were researching the LiMnO2 layered materials. 16,17 In 1991, These LLOs were fi rst researched as cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries by Thackeray et al. when they were researching the LiMnO2 layered materials. 16,17 In 1991, 2 2 5 26 #/texts/22 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p2:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored [125, 168, 209] colored False True [519.14, 50.28, 38.3, 6.98] Perspective Perspective 2 6 6 27 #/texts/26#prov0 text caption_continuation False low caption_continuation_used_by_asset inside_front_matter caption_continuation_used_by_asset figure Fig. 2 Figure 2. Crystal structure of the (a) rhombohedral LiMO2 structure (space group: R 3 ̅ m , M = Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, etc.) and (b) monoclinic Li2MnO3 structure (space group: C 2/ m ) viewed from the [100] crystallographi… True p2:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 67.46, 240.03, 226.77] inspired by Hunter ' s discovery that acid treatment of the spinel LiMn2O4 yielded λ -MnO2 with a Mn2O4 spinel framework, Thackeray et al. synthesized the layered lithium -manganese oxide compound Li2 -x MnO3 -x /2 (0 <… inspired by Hunter ' s discovery that acid treatment of the spinel LiMn2O4 yielded λ -MnO2 with a Mn2O4 spinel framework, Thackeray et al. synthesized the layered lithium -manganese oxide compound Li2 -x MnO3 -x /2 (0 <… 2 7 7 28 #/texts/27 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 702.98, 503.98, 59.97] Figure 2. Crystal structure of the (a) rhombohedral LiMO2 structure (space group: R 3 ̅ m , M = Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, etc.) and (b) monoclinic Li2MnO3 structure (space group: C 2/ m ) viewed from the [100] crystallographi… Figure 2. Crystal structure of the (a) rhombohedral LiMO2 structure (space group: R 3 ̅ m , M = Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, etc.) and (b) monoclinic Li2MnO3 structure (space group: C 2/ m ) viewed from the [100] crystallographi… 2 9 8 29 #/texts/29 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p2:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [387.33, 773.27, 177.16, 7.74] dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz400032v | J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1268 -1280 dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz400032v | J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1268 -1280 2 8 9 30 #/texts/28 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [304.5, 774.02, 15.93, 6.54] 1269 1269 3 2 1 31 #/texts/30 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p3:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p3:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 48.93, 181.19, 8.72] The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 3 3 2 32 #/texts/31 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p3:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored [125, 168, 209] colored False True [519.14, 50.28, 38.3, 6.98] Perspective Perspective 3 4 3 33 #/texts/32 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 455.66, 503.95, 42.02] Figure 3. (a) XRD patterns and (b) hexagonal lattice parameters of the x Li2MnO3 · (1 -x )LiNi1/2Mn1/2O2 ( x = 0, 1/3, 1/2, and 1) materials. Reprinted with permission from ref 40. Copyright 2012 Royal Society of Chemis… Figure 3. (a) XRD patterns and (b) hexagonal lattice parameters of the x Li2MnO3 · (1 -x )LiNi1/2Mn1/2O2 ( x = 0, 1/3, 1/2, and 1) materials. Reprinted with permission from ref 40. 3 1 4 34 #/texts/26#prov1 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p3:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 509.59, 240.0, 120.09] ion batteries can be designed with di ff erent contents of LiMO 2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, etc.) and Li2MnO3 components, realizing the variational electrochemical performances (rechargeable capacity, rate performance, a… ion batteries can be designed with di ff erent contents of LiMO 2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, etc.) and Li2MnO3 components, realizing the variational electrochemical performances (rechargeable capacity, rate performance, a… 3 5 5 35 #/texts/33 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p3:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 632.0, 240.0, 108.98] Owing to the importance of the relationship between the structure and electrochemical performance of electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, it is necessary to reveal the actual structure of these LLOs to deeply … Owing to the importance of the relationship between the structure and electrochemical performance of electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, it is necessary to reveal the actual structure of these LLOs to deeply … 3 6 6 36 #/texts/34#prov0 text unknown_text False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p3:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p3:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 743.23, 239.97, 21.8] Figure 2a,b shows the rhombohedral LiMO2 structure (space group: R 3 ̅ m , M = Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cr, etc.) and monoclinic Figure 2a,b shows the rhombohedral LiMO2 structure (space group: R 3 ̅ m , M = Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cr, etc.) and monoclinic 3 7 7 37 #/texts/34#prov1 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p3:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p3:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 509.59, 240.03, 255.43] Li2MnO3 structure (space group: C 2/ m ) viewed from their [100] crystallographic direction, respectively. As the Li2MnO3 structure can be reformulated with Li[Li 1/3Mn2/3]O2, the monoclinic Li2MnO3 structure is very si… Li2MnO3 structure (space group: C 2/ m ) viewed from their [100] crystallographic direction, respectively. As the Li2MnO3 structure can be reformulated with Li[Li 1/3Mn2/3]O2, the monoclinic Li2MnO3 structure is very si… 3 9 8 38 #/texts/36 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p3:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p3:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [387.33, 773.27, 177.16, 7.74] dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz400032v | J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1268 -1280 dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz400032v | J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1268 -1280 3 8 9 39 #/texts/35 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p3:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [304.5, 774.02, 15.93, 6.54] 1270 1270 4 2 1 40 #/texts/37 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p4:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 48.93, 181.19, 8.72] The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 4 3 2 41 #/texts/38 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p4:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored [125, 168, 209] colored False True [519.14, 50.28, 38.3, 6.98] Perspective Perspective 4 4 3 42 #/texts/39 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 206.55, 503.96, 30.97] Figure 4. The expected morphology evolution of the TM plane in x Li2MnO3 · (1 -x )LiCoO2, showing the coexistence of Co and LiMn2 domains: (a) x = 0.15; (b) x = 0.45; (c) x = 0.75; and (d) x = 0.90. The rhombohedral ( R… Figure 4. The expected morphology evolution of the TM plane in x Li2MnO3 · (1 -x )LiCoO2, showing the coexistence of Co and LiMn2 domains: (a) x = 0.15; (b) x = 0.45; (c) x = 0.75; and (d) x = 0.90. The rhombohedral ( R… 4 1 4 43 #/texts/34#prov2 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 250.45, 240.03, 54.81] monoclinic Li2MnO3 (space group C 2/ m ) structures are chosen. The phase fractions of the rhombohedral and monoclinic components are 43% and 57%, respectively, and very close t o t h e composition of t h e studied 0.5L… monoclinic Li2MnO3 (space group C 2/ m ) structures are chosen. The phase fractions of the rhombohedral and monoclinic components are 43% and 57%, respectively, and very close t o t h e composition of t h e studied 0.5L… 4 5 5 44 #/texts/40 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 306.35, 239.99, 278.86] By the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) technique combined with electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) technique, Wen, Abraham, Tabuchi et al. fi nd that the locally monoclinic (Li 2 MnO3-like)… By the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) technique combined with electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) technique, Wen, Abraham, Tabuchi et al. fi nd that the locally monoclinic (Li 2 MnO3-like)… 4 6 6 45 #/texts/41#prov0 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p4:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 586.36, 240.0, 176.84] Although there is much two-phase evidence of these LLOs by average and local structure studies, on the other hand, some researchers think that these LLOs are homogeneous solid solutions between the two components Li2MnO… Although there is much two-phase evidence of these LLOs by average and local structure studies, on the other hand, some researchers think that these LLOs are homogeneous solid solutions between the two components Li2MnO… 4 7 7 46 #/texts/41#prov1 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 250.45, 240.03, 109.6] worth noting that the X-ray di ff raction techniques (XRD or SXRD) can only provide key information on the average crystal structure. As a matter of fact, the large di ff erence between the atomic number, size, and tend… worth noting that the X-ray di ff raction techniques (XRD or SXRD) can only provide key information on the average crystal structure. As a matter of fact, the large di ff erence between the atomic number, size, and tend… 4 8 8 47 #/texts/42#prov0 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p4:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 362.36, 240.03, 400.84] Thus, the local structure studies on these LLOs are very important to investigate their actual structure. Jarvis et al. carefully investigated the Li[Li 0.2 Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 material with a di ff raction scanning transmiss… Thus, the local structure studies on these LLOs are very important to investigate their actual structure. Jarvis et al. carefully investigated the Li[Li 0.2 Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 material with a di ff raction scanning transmiss… 4 10 9 48 #/texts/44 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p4:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [387.33, 773.27, 177.16, 7.74] dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz400032v | J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1268 -1280 dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz400032v | J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1268 -1280 4 9 10 49 #/texts/43 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [304.5, 774.02, 15.93, 6.54] 1271 1271 5 2 1 50 #/texts/45 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p5:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 48.93, 181.19, 8.72] The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 5 3 2 51 #/texts/46 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p5:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored [125, 168, 209] colored False True [519.14, 50.28, 38.3, 6.98] Perspective Perspective 5 4 3 52 #/texts/47 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 503.26, 503.99, 31.53] Figure 5. (a) Reaction pathways diagram through controlling the activation of the Li2MnO3 phase inside the 0.5Li2MnO3 · 0.5LiMn0.42 Ni0.42Co0.16O2 material based on the three-dimensional compositional phase diagram. (b)… Figure 5. (a) Reaction pathways diagram through controlling the activation of the Li2MnO3 phase inside the 0.5Li2MnO3 · 0.5LiMn0.42 Ni0.42Co0.16O2 material based on the three-dimensional compositional phase diagram. (b)… 5 1 4 53 #/texts/42#prov1 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 547.13, 240.0, 54.95] domains with Li2MnO3-like components most probably exist inside these LLOs, increased with the lithium and manganese content (in proportion to x in the x Li2MnO3 · (1 -x )LiCoO2 equation) increasing, which is described … domains with Li2MnO3-like components most probably exist inside these LLOs, increased with the lithium and manganese content (in proportion to x in the x Li2MnO3 · (1 -x )LiCoO2 equation) increasing, which is described … 5 5 5 54 #/texts/48 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 604.56, 239.98, 66.52] The reaction mechanisms of these LLOs are very complicated, and have been extensively researched and discussed in the past decade. 6,11,12,25,35,40,42,48 -55 However, these reaction mechanisms proposed are still being d… The reaction mechanisms of these LLOs are very complicated, and have been extensively researched and discussed in the past decade. 6,11,12,25,35,40,42,48 -55 However, these reaction mechanisms proposed are still being d… 5 6 6 55 #/texts/49#prov0 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p5:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 673.55, 239.99, 89.65] In order to understand the complex electrochemical or chemical reaction processes during the fi rst and following cycles of these LLOs, one of the reaction mechanisms associated with an integrated three-dimensional comp… In order to understand the complex electrochemical or chemical reaction processes during the fi rst and following cycles of these LLOs, one of the reaction mechanisms associated with an integrated three-dimensional comp… 5 7 7 56 #/texts/49#prov1 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 547.12, 239.94, 20.31] these LLOs during lithium extraction and insertion processes can be well explained. these LLOs during lithium extraction and insertion processes can be well explained. 5 8 8 57 #/texts/50 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 566.65, 240.04, 162.2] For the 0.5Li2MnO3 · 0.5LiMn0.42 Ni0.42Co0.16O2 electrode material, the reaction pathways and phase composition changes during the fi rst charge region below 4.4 V with di ff erent current densities vary along the green… For the 0.5Li2MnO3 · 0.5LiMn0.42 Ni0.42Co0.16O2 electrode material, the reaction pathways and phase composition changes during the fi rst charge region below 4.4 V with di ff erent current densities vary along the green… 5 9 9 58 #/texts/51#prov0 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p5:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 731.26, 240.03, 31.93] When the electrochemical potential of the Li/ 0.5Li2MnO3 · 0.5LiMn0.42 Ni0.42Co0.16O2 cell increases from 4.4 to 4.8 V during the fi rst charge process, presented with the blue When the electrochemical potential of the Li/ 0.5Li2MnO3 · 0.5LiMn0.42 Ni0.42Co0.16O2 cell increases from 4.4 to 4.8 V during the fi rst charge process, presented with the blue 5 11 10 59 #/texts/53 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p5:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [387.33, 773.27, 177.16, 7.74] dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz400032v | J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1268 -1280 dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz400032v | J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1268 -1280 5 10 11 60 #/texts/52 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [304.5, 774.02, 15.93, 6.54] 1272 1272 6 3 1 61 #/texts/54 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p6:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 48.93, 181.19, 8.72] The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 6 1 2 62 #/texts/51#prov1 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 69.37, 239.98, 106.2] long voltage plateaus in Figure 5 b, more lithium ions can be extracted from the Li2MnO3 component together with the loss of oxygen and structure rearrangement, and there is probably a new phase (MnO2) formed. The oxyge… long voltage plateaus in Figure 5 b, more lithium ions can be extracted from the Li2MnO3 component together with the loss of oxygen and structure rearrangement, and there is probably a new phase (MnO2) formed. The oxyge… 6 5 3 63 #/texts/56 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption True p6:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 655.02, 239.98, 107.93] Figure 6. (a) Mass spectrometry analysis of O2 evolved on the 1st charging process of the Li/Li[Ni 0.2 Li 0.2Mn0.6]O2 cell. Reprinted with permission from ref 52. Copyright 2006 American Chemical Society. (b) First-prin… Figure 6. (a) Mass spectrometry analysis of O2 evolved on the 1st charging process of the Li/Li[Ni 0.2 Li 0.2Mn0.6]O2 cell. Reprinted with permission from ref 52. 6 4 4 64 #/texts/55 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p6:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored [125, 168, 209] colored False True [519.14, 50.28, 38.3, 6.98] Perspective Perspective 6 2 5 65 #/texts/51#prov2 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 69.37, 240.04, 371.81] gas quantity in Figure 6a is associated with the voltage increasing, and the large amount of oxygen gas is emitted above 4.5 V, corresponding to the charge plateau of these LLOs. Through fi rst-principles calculations, … gas quantity in Figure 6a is associated with the voltage increasing, and the large amount of oxygen gas is emitted above 4.5 V, corresponding to the charge plateau of these LLOs. Through fi rst-principles calculations, … 6 6 6 66 #/texts/57 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored [255, 242, 208] colored False False [352.46, 454.93, 183.98, 81.36] The reaction mechanisms associated with the mysterious anomalous capacity of these LLOs at high temperature may be di ff erent compared with those at room temperature, and are still unclear. The reaction mechanisms associated with the mysterious anomalous capacity of these LLOs at high temperature may be di ff erent compared with those at room temperature, and are still unclear. 6 7 7 67 #/texts/58#prov0 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p6:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 555.81, 240.03, 207.39] During the fi rst discharge process, lithium ions will insert into the Mn0.42Ni0.42Co0.16O2 and newly formed MnO2 components, respectively, while the unactivated Li2MnO3 component still exist in these ' composite ' laye… During the fi rst discharge process, lithium ions will insert into the Mn0.42Ni0.42Co0.16O2 and newly formed MnO2 components, respectively, while the unactivated Li2MnO3 component still exist in these ' composite ' laye… 6 9 8 68 #/texts/60 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p6:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [387.33, 773.27, 177.16, 7.74] dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz400032v | J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1268 -1280 dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz400032v | J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1268 -1280 6 8 9 69 #/texts/59 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [304.5, 774.02, 15.93, 6.54] 1273 1273 7 3 1 70 #/texts/61 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p7:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 48.93, 181.19, 8.72] The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 7 4 2 71 #/texts/62 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p7:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored [125, 168, 209] colored False True [519.14, 50.28, 38.3, 6.98] Perspective Perspective 7 5 3 72 #/texts/63 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 255.34, 503.93, 20.9] Figure 7. Charge and discharge curves of the Li/Li[Li 1/5Ni1/5Mn3/5]O2 cell at (a) 55 ° C and (b) 85 ° C. Reprinted with permission from ref 40. Copyright 2011 Royal Society of Chemistry. Figure 7. Charge and discharge curves of the Li/Li[Li 1/5Ni1/5Mn3/5]O2 cell at (a) 55 ° C and (b) 85 ° C. Reprinted with permission from ref 40. 7 1 4 73 #/texts/58#prov1 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p7:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 289.17, 239.99, 76.04] charge/discharge currents, is 272, 224, and 184 mAh/g, respectively (Figure 5c). It is obvious that all of the discharge capacity except for the value with small current density ( ≤ 5 mA/g) can be explained by the propo… charge/discharge currents, is 272, 224, and 184 mAh/g, respectively (Figure 5c). It is obvious that all of the discharge capacity except for the value with small current density ( ≤ 5 mA/g) can be explained by the propo… 7 2 5 74 #/texts/58#prov2 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p7:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 367.54, 239.96, 48.47] the oxygen molecules at the electrode surface ( ⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ -O O 2 reduction 2 ), but these contribution are suppressed by the accumulated lithium carbonate formation at the electrode surface (Figure 6f). 50 the oxygen molecules at the electrode surface ( ⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ -O O 2 reduction 2 ), but these contribution are suppressed by the accumulated lithium carbonate formation at the electrode surface (Figure 6f). 50 7 6 6 75 #/texts/64 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p7:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 418.32, 240.01, 176.95] Nevertheless, with the temperature increased to 55 and 85 ° C, the rechargeable charge/discharge capacity of the Li/ Li[Li1/5Ni1/5Mn3/5]O2 can reach 300 mAh/g (Figure 7a), and even 350 mAh/g (Figure 7b), which are much … Nevertheless, with the temperature increased to 55 and 85 ° C, the rechargeable charge/discharge capacity of the Li/ Li[Li1/5Ni1/5Mn3/5]O2 can reach 300 mAh/g (Figure 7a), and even 350 mAh/g (Figure 7b), which are much … 7 7 7 76 #/texts/65 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p7:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 597.58, 240.0, 120.89] Although there are many debates on these LLOs currently, their large electrochemical capacities are still very attractive for utilization as cathode materials in lithium ion batteries. In the past, di ff erent compositi… Although there are many debates on these LLOs currently, their large electrochemical capacities are still very attractive for utilization as cathode materials in lithium ion batteries. In the past, di ff erent compositi… 7 8 8 77 #/texts/66#prov0 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p7:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 720.72, 239.99, 42.48] Low initial Coulombic e ffi ciency associated with large irreversible capacity can result in mass ionized lithium, and the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer, thus reducing the energy density of the … Low initial Coulombic e ffi ciency associated with large irreversible capacity can result in mass ionized lithium, and the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer, thus reducing the energy density of the … 7 9 9 78 #/texts/66#prov1 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p7:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored [255, 242, 208] colored False False [353.82, 295.45, 181.27, 95.31] Currently, the low initial coulombic e ffi ciency, unsatis fi ed rate performance, and cycle stability of these LLOs are still the main problems preventing their utilization in practical lithium ion batteries. Currently, the low initial coulombic e ffi ciency, unsatis fi ed rate performance, and cycle stability of these LLOs are still the main problems preventing their utilization in practical lithium ion batteries. 7 10 10 79 #/texts/67 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p7:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 412.83, 240.04, 207.34] presenting a serious trade-o ff in lithium-ion battery design. At present, most of the initial Coulombic e ffi ciencies of these LLOs in the published literature are smaller than 80% at room temperature, and the main re… presenting a serious trade-o ff in lithium-ion battery design. At present, most of the initial Coulombic e ffi ciencies of these LLOs in the published literature are smaller than 80% at room temperature, and the main re… 7 11 11 80 #/texts/68 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p7:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 622.36, 240.04, 140.84] Although most of the published literature shows that the cycle performance based on the charge and discharge capacity of these LLOs is good, their voltage degradation after long cycling is extremely serious, which can l… Although most of the published literature shows that the cycle performance based on the charge and discharge capacity of these LLOs is good, their voltage degradation after long cycling is extremely serious, which can l… 7 13 12 81 #/texts/70 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p7:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [387.33, 773.27, 177.16, 7.74] dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz400032v | J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1268 -1280 dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz400032v | J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1268 -1280 7 12 13 82 #/texts/69 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [304.5, 774.02, 15.93, 6.54] 1274 1274 8 1 1 83 #/texts/71 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p8:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 48.93, 181.19, 8.72] The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 8 3 2 84 #/texts/73 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption True p8:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 269.11, 239.95, 37.92] Figure 8. The initial Coulombic e ffi ciency and the charge/discharge capacity of the Li 1.2 Mn0.567 -x Ru x Ni0.166 Co0.067O2 ( x = 0.00, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) materials. Adapted from ref 14. Copyright 2012 Royal Socie… Figure 8. The initial Coulombic e ffi ciency and the charge/discharge capacity of the Li 1.2 Mn0.567 -x Ru x Ni0.166 Co0.067O2 ( x = 0.00, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) materials. Adapted from ref 14. 8 4 3 85 #/texts/74#prov0 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p8:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 324.66, 239.99, 107.85] 151st cycle). The increased capacity in Stage I is obvious and corresponds to the new redox peaks (Ox3 /Re3 ) increasing after the fi rst cycle (Figure 9b). This indicates that the content of activated manganese increas… 151st cycle). The increased capacity in Stage I is obvious and corresponds to the new redox peaks (Ox3 /Re3 ) increasing after the fi rst cycle (Figure 9b). This indicates that the content of activated manganese increas… 8 2 4 86 #/texts/72 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p8:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored [125, 168, 209] colored False True [519.14, 50.28, 38.3, 6.98] Perspective Perspective 8 5 5 87 #/texts/74#prov1 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p8:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 69.37, 240.01, 30.97] reduction peaks shifting to the lower voltage region (Figure 9d), indicating that the structures of these LLOs are not stable during long cycling. reduction peaks shifting to the lower voltage region (Figure 9d), indicating that the structures of these LLOs are not stable during long cycling. 8 6 6 88 #/texts/75 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p8:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 102.54, 240.03, 186.03] Observing Figure 9b,d, we found that there are obvious swellings on the oxidation curves of d Q /d V between 3.0 and 3.2 V during Stage I, and this swelling become more and more obvious during Stage II. These phenomena … Observing Figure 9b,d, we found that there are obvious swellings on the oxidation curves of d Q /d V between 3.0 and 3.2 V during Stage I, and this swelling become more and more obvious during Stage II. These phenomena … 8 7 7 89 #/texts/76#prov0 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p8:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 290.76, 240.02, 141.69] Surface coating with Al2O3, CeO2, ZrO2, SiO2, ZnO, AlPO4, and Li -Ni -PO4 and mildly acidic treatment on these LLOs can enhance the cycling stability, but these coatings cannot adequately overcome the voltage decay. 53,… Surface coating with Al2O3, CeO2, ZrO2, SiO2, ZnO, AlPO4, and Li -Ni -PO4 and mildly acidic treatment on these LLOs can enhance the cycling stability, but these coatings cannot adequately overcome the voltage decay. 53,… 8 8 8 90 #/texts/77 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 705.02, 503.99, 57.93] Figure 9. Charge/discharge and d Q /d V pro fi les at di ff erent cycling stages ((a,b), Stage I: from the 2nd cycle to the 25th cycle; (c,d), Stage II: from the 26th cycle to the 151st cycle) of the Li/0.5Li2MnO3 · 0.5… Figure 9. Charge/discharge and d Q /d V pro fi les at di ff erent cycling stages ((a,b), Stage I: from the 2nd cycle to the 25th cycle; (c,d), Stage II: from the 26th cycle to the 151st cycle) of the Li/0.5Li2MnO3 · 0.5… 8 10 9 91 #/texts/79 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p8:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [387.33, 773.27, 177.16, 7.74] dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz400032v | J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1268 -1280 dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz400032v | J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1268 -1280 8 9 10 92 #/texts/78 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [304.5, 774.02, 15.93, 6.54] 1275 1275 9 3 1 93 #/texts/80 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 48.93, 181.19, 8.72] The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 9 4 2 94 #/texts/81 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored [125, 168, 209] colored False True [519.14, 50.28, 38.3, 6.98] Perspective Perspective 9 5 3 95 #/texts/82 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 344.29, 503.99, 49.53] Figure 10. Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) in the fi rst, second, and third (a) charge and (b) discharge processes, Li + di ff usion coe ffi cients during the fi rst three (c) charge and (d) discha… Figure 10. Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) in the fi rst, second, and third (a) charge and (b) discharge processes, Li + di ff usion coe ffi cients during the fi rst three (c) charge and (d) discha… 9 6 4 96 #/texts/83 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 683.42, 503.99, 27.94] Figure 11. (a) TEM image and (b) rate capabilities of Li[Ni 0.25 Li 0.15Mn0.6]O2 nanowires. Reprinted with permission from ref 77. Copyright 2009 Royal Society of Chemistry. (c) SEM image and (d) discharge curves with d… Figure 11. (a) TEM image and (b) rate capabilities of Li[Ni 0.25 Li 0.15Mn0.6]O2 nanowires. Reprinted with permission from ref 77. 9 1 5 97 #/texts/76#prov1 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter False None bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 730.02, 239.97, 33.18] oxygen arrays. 75 Thus, the voltage degradations of these LLOs during cycling are also believed to be associated with both internal and surface phase transition to a cubic spinel-like phase oxygen arrays. 75 Thus, the voltage degradations of these LLOs during cycling are also believed to be associated with both internal and surface phase transition to a cubic spinel-like phase 9 2 6 98 #/texts/76#prov2 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 732.4, 240.02, 30.8] by the migration of transition metal ions. At present, the stepwise precycling treatment on these LLOs is used and can improve their cyclic durability. 76 The reason may be by the migration of transition metal ions. At present, the stepwise precycling treatment on these LLOs is used and can improve their cyclic durability. 76 The reason may be 9 8 7 99 #/texts/85 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [387.33, 773.27, 177.16, 7.74] dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz400032v | J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1268 -1280 dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz400032v | J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1268 -1280 9 7 8 100 #/texts/84 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [304.5, 774.02, 15.93, 6.54] 1276 1276 10 2 1 101 #/texts/86 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p10:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p10:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 48.93, 181.19, 8.72] The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 10 3 2 102 #/texts/87 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p10:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p10:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored [125, 168, 209] colored False True [519.14, 50.28, 38.3, 6.98] Perspective Perspective 10 4 3 103 #/texts/88 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p10:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 384.09, 503.99, 18.97] Figure 12. Current debates on structure and reaction mechanism, problems on electrochemical properties, and keys to the study in the future of Li 2 MnO3-based lithium-rich layered cathode materials. Figure 12. Current debates on structure and reaction mechanism, problems on electrochemical properties, and keys to the study in the future of Li 2 MnO3-based lithium-rich layered cathode materials. 10 1 4 104 #/texts/76#prov3 text unknown_text False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p10:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p10:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 414.92, 239.98, 31.48] contributed by the weakened structure damage and little structure arrangement after electrochemical cycling of these materials with this pretreatment method. contributed by the weakened structure damage and little structure arrangement after electrochemical cycling of these materials with this pretreatment method. 10 5 5 105 #/texts/89#prov0 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p10:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p10:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 448.76, 240.0, 314.44] In order to reveal the kinetically controlled charge and discharge processes of these cathode materials, the lithium ion di ff usion in active material and lithium ion transfer at the e l e c t r o d e / e l e c t r o l… In order to reveal the kinetically controlled charge and discharge processes of these cathode materials, the lithium ion di ff usion in active material and lithium ion transfer at the e l e c t r o d e / e l e c t r o l… 10 6 6 106 #/texts/89#prov1 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p10:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p10:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 414.92, 240.01, 110.74] components and interfaces (between electrode and electrolyte) are very consistent with the two-phase models proposed and con fi rmed in Figure 2. Therefore, the electrochemical kinetics of the lithium ion extraction and… components and interfaces (between electrode and electrolyte) are very consistent with the two-phase models proposed and con fi rmed in Figure 2. Therefore, the electrochemical kinetics of the lithium ion extraction and… 10 7 7 107 #/texts/90 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p10:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p10:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 528.02, 240.03, 201.33] Thus, in order to improve the rate performance of these LLOs, the materials with low Li2MnO3 component proportion, short lithium ion di ff usion pathway, and small interface reaction barrier should be introduced to thes… Thus, in order to improve the rate performance of these LLOs, the materials with low Li2MnO3 component proportion, short lithium ion di ff usion pathway, and small interface reaction barrier should be introduced to thes… 10 8 8 108 #/texts/91#prov0 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p10:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p10:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 731.72, 239.97, 31.48] The LLOs are very attractive for utilization as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. Although researchers have put forth much e ff ort in studying these materials in the past, The LLOs are very attractive for utilization as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. Although researchers have put forth much e ff ort in studying these materials in the past, 10 10 9 109 #/texts/93 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p10:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p10:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [387.33, 773.27, 177.16, 7.74] dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz400032v | J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1268 -1280 dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz400032v | J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 1268 -1280 10 9 10 110 #/texts/92 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p10:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [304.5, 774.02, 15.93, 6.54] 1277 1277 11 2 1 111 #/texts/94 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p11:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p11:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 48.93, 181.19, 8.72] The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 11 1 2 112 #/texts/91#prov1 text unknown_text False high inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p11:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p11:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 69.37, 239.99, 20.2] many debates and issues over these materials still exist, and need to be clari fi ed and solved in the future (Figure 12). many debates and issues over these materials still exist, and need to be clari fi ed and solved in the future (Figure 12). 11 4 3 113 #/texts/96 list_item body True None recovered_body_same_page_outside_flow recovered_body_same_page_outside_flow True p11:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p11:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 92.0, 239.99, 225.77] The structures of these LLOs are still currently being debated (yellow region in Figure 12). The local structures are very important to the electrochemical performance, especially the rate performance of these LLOs. Aft… The structures of these LLOs are still currently being debated (yellow region in Figure 12). The local structures are very important to the electrochemical performance, especially the rate performance of these LLOs. Aft… 11 5 4 114 #/texts/97 list_item body True None recovered_body_outside_flow recovered_body_outside_flow True p11:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p11:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 320.13, 240.0, 122.98] It is very useful to understand the reaction mechanism (blue region in Figure 12) of these materials at room temperature by the three-dimensional phase diagram. However, it is still di ffi cult to understand the large m… It is very useful to understand the reaction mechanism (blue region in Figure 12) of these materials at room temperature by the three-dimensional phase diagram. However, it is still di ffi cult to understand the large m… 11 6 5 115 #/texts/98 text body True None body body True p11:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p11:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 445.53, 239.98, 168.68] (3) The electrochemical properties associated with low initial columbic e ffi ciency, slow Li + di ff usion speed, and voltage degradation during cycling of these LLOs are the main problems (green region in Figure 12) p… (3) The electrochemical properties associated with low initial columbic e ffi ciency, slow Li + di ff usion speed, and voltage degradation during cycling of these LLOs are the main problems (green region in Figure 12) p… 11 7 6 116 #/texts/99 text body True None body body True p11:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p11:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 616.57, 239.96, 54.5] In general, although there are many debates on these LLOs, they are still attractive for utilization as cathode materials in lithium ion batteries because of their large rechargeable capacities, thus, much e ff ort with… In general, although there are many debates on these LLOs, they are still attractive for utilization as cathode materials in lithium ion batteries because of their large rechargeable capacities, thus, much e ff ort with… 11 8 7 117 #/texts/100 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p11:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p11:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 675.56, 125.07, 23.65] ■ AUTHOR INFORMATION ■ AUTHOR INFORMATION 11 9 8 118 #/texts/101 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p11:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p11:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 703.39, 93.07, 8.29] Corresponding Author Corresponding Author 11 10 9 119 #/texts/102 text metadata False low metadata_line metadata_line True p11:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p11:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 712.69, 239.94, 23.07] * Fax: +81-29-861-3489; Tel: 81-29-861-5795; E-mail: hs. zhou@aist.go.jp. * Fax: +81-29-861-3489; Tel: 81-29-861-5795; E-mail: hs. zhou@aist.go.jp. 11 11 10 120 #/texts/103 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p11:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p11:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 741.55, 23.72, 8.29] Notes Notes 11 12 11 121 #/texts/104 text body True None body body True p11:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p11:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [60.49, 754.4, 201.38, 8.8] The authors declare no competing fi nancial interest. The authors declare no competing fi nancial interest. 11 3 12 122 #/texts/95 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored [125, 168, 209] colored False True [519.14, 50.28, 38.3, 6.98] Perspective Perspective 11 13 13 123 #/texts/105 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [253, 253, 253] white False False [324.45, 68.77, 48.74, 8.29] Biographies Biographies 11 14 14 124 #/texts/106 text body True None body body False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 82.59, 240.02, 84.91] Haijun Yu received his Ph.D. (2007) in Metallurgy Science and Engineering from the Northeastern University. In 2007-10, he worked as senior engineer at the General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals (GRINM) in Chi… Haijun Yu received his Ph.D. (2007) in Metallurgy Science and Engineering from the Northeastern University. In 2007-10, he worked as senior engineer at the General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals (GRINM) in Chi… 11 15 15 125 #/texts/107 text body True None body body False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 174.55, 240.02, 95.97] Haoshen Zhou is now a prime senior researcher of the Energy Technology Research Institute (ETRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), and leading the Energy Interface Technology Grou… Haoshen Zhou is now a prime senior researcher of the Energy Technology Research Institute (ETRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), and leading the Energy Interface Technology Grou… 11 16 16 126 #/texts/108 section_header back_matter_heading False low back_matter_heading back_matter_heading stop_trigger False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 272.93, 114.79, 23.65] ■ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ■ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 11 17 17 127 #/texts/109 text back_matter_text False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 298.08, 240.0, 31.36] This work was partially supported fi nancially by the Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology (FIRST Program). This work was partially supported fi nancially by the Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology (FIRST Program). 11 18 18 128 #/texts/110 section_header back_matter_heading False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 329.62, 73.27, 23.65] ■ REFERENCES ■ REFERENCES 11 19 19 129 #/texts/111 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [324.45, 355.0, 239.97, 18.56] Tarascon, J. M.; Armand, M. Issues and Challenges Facing Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. Nature 2001 , 414 , 359 -367. Tarascon, J. M.; Armand, M. Issues and Challenges Facing Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. 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