page source_page_order layout_page_order layout_order ref label role_guess included_in_body excluded_risk_level body_decision_reason parser_body_decision_reason production_usage visual_asset_type visual_asset_label visual_asset_caption_preview truncation_marker inside_body_region body_region_id zone column column_index column_count region_id background_rgb background_class is_gray_background has_frame_evidence bbox text_preview cleaned_text_preview text cleaned_text 1 1 1 0 #/texts/0 page_header page_header False low document_ui document_ui True p1:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [50.81, 28.94, 126.19, 12.11] RESEARCH ARTICLE RESEARCH ARTICLE RESEARCH ARTICLE RESEARCH ARTICLE 1 2 2 1 #/texts/1 text page_margin_header False low document_web_address document_web_address True p1:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [459.64, 49.98, 87.21, 8.02] www.small-journal.com www.small-journal.com 1 3 3 2 #/texts/2 section_header title_candidate False low first_page_front_matter_heading first_page_front_matter_heading True p1:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 77.5, 490.56, 63.65] Cu-N Synergism Regulation to Enhance Anionic Redox Reversibility and Activity of Li- and Mn-Rich Layered Oxides Cathode Cu-N Synergism Regulation to Enhance Anionic Redox Reversibility and Activity of Li- and Mn-Rich Layered Oxides Cathode Cu-N Synergism Regulation to Enhance Anionic Redox Reversibility and Activity of Li- and Mn-Rich Layered Oxides Cathode Cu-N Synergism Regulation to Enhance Anionic Redox Reversibility and Activity of Li- and Mn-Rich Layered Oxides Cathode 1 4 4 3 #/texts/3 text affiliation False medium front_matter_author_line front_matter_author_line True p1:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 160.21, 457.88, 48.46] Zhijun Wu, Chenhui Yan, Panyu Gao, Liaona She,* Xin Zhang, Yue Lin, Xuebin Yu, Yongfeng Liu, Wenping Sun, Yinzhu Jiang, Yaxiong Yang,* Mingxia Gao,* and Hongge Pan* Zhijun Wu, Chenhui Yan, Panyu Gao, Liaona She,* Xin Zhang, Yue Lin, Xuebin Yu, Yongfeng Liu, Wenping Sun, Yinzhu Jiang, Yaxiong Yang,* Mingxia Gao,* and Hongge Pan* Zhijun Wu, Chenhui Yan, Panyu Gao, Liaona She,* Xin Zhang, Yue Lin, Xuebin Yu, Yongfeng Liu, Wenping Sun, Yinzhu Jiang, Yaxiong Yang,* Mingxia Gao,* and Hongge Pan* Zhijun Wu, Chenhui Yan, Panyu Gao, Liaona She,* Xin Zhang, Yue Lin, Xuebin Yu, Yongfeng Liu, Wenping Sun, Yinzhu Jiang, Yaxiong Yang,* Mingxia Gao,* and Hongge Pan* 1 5 5 4 #/texts/4 text abstract_candidate False medium implicit_abstract implicit_abstract True p1:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:front_matter:front_panel:gray [203, 204, 203] gray True False [50.81, 245.62, 312.82, 228.87] Anionic redox chemistry enables extraordinary capacity for Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides (LMROs) cathodes. Unfortunately, irreversible surface oxygen evolution evokes the pernicious phase transition, structural deterio… Anionic redox chemistry enables extraordinary capacity for Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides (LMROs) cathodes. Unfortunately, irreversible surface oxygen evolution evokes the pernicious phase transition, structural deterio… Anionic redox chemistry enables extraordinary capacity for Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides (LMROs) cathodes. Unfortunately, irreversible surface oxygen evolution evokes the pernicious phase transition, structural deterioration, and severe electrode-electrolyte interface side reaction with element dissolution, resulting in fast capacity and voltage fading of LMROs during cycling and hindering its commercialization. Herein, a redox couple strategy is proposed by utilizing copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) to address the irreversibility of anionic redox. The Cu-N synergistic effect of CuPc could not only inhibit surface oxygen evolution by reducing the peroxide ion O 2 2 -back to lattice oxygen O 2 -, but also enhance the reaction activity and reversibility of anionic redox in bulk to achieve a higher capacity and cycling stability. Moreover, the CuPc strategy suppresses the interface side reaction and induces the forming of a uniform and robust LiF-rich cathode electrolyte, interphase (CEI) to significantly eliminate transition metal dissolution. As a result, the CuPc-enhanced LMRO cathode shows superb cycling performance with a capacity retention of 95.0% after 500 long-term cycles. This study sheds light on the great effect of N-based redox couple to regulate anionic redox behavior and promote the development of high energy density and high stability LMROs cathode. Anionic redox chemistry enables extraordinary capacity for Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides (LMROs) cathodes. Unfortunately, irreversible surface oxygen evolution evokes the pernicious phase transition, structural deterioration, and severe electrode-electrolyte interface side reaction with element dissolution, resulting in fast capacity and voltage fading of LMROs during cycling and hindering its commercialization. Herein, a redox couple strategy is proposed by utilizing copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) to address the irreversibility of anionic redox. The Cu-N synergistic effect of CuPc could not only inhibit surface oxygen evolution by reducing the peroxide ion O 2 2 -back to lattice oxygen O 2 -, but also enhance the reaction activity and reversibility of anionic redox in bulk to achieve a higher capacity and cycling stability. Moreover, the CuPc strategy suppresses the interface side reaction and induces the forming of a uniform and robust LiF-rich cathode electrolyte, interphase (CEI) to significantly eliminate transition metal dissolution. As a result, the CuPc-enhanced LMRO cathode shows superb cycling performance with a capacity retention of 95.0% after 500 long-term cycles. This study sheds light on the great effect of N-based redox couple to regulate anionic redox behavior and promote the development of high energy density and high stability LMROs cathode. 1 6 6 5 #/texts/5 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p1:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 511.91, 70.4, 10.25] 1. Introduction 1. Introduction 1. Introduction 1. Introduction 1 8 8 7 #/texts/7 text affiliation False low affiliation_block affiliation_block True p1:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 570.08, 169.38, 34.09] Z. Wu, C. Yan, L. She, Y. Yang, H. Pan Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy Xi'an Technological University Xi'an 710021, China Z. Wu, C. Yan, L. She, Y. Yang, H. Pan Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy Xi'an Technological University Xi'an 710021, China Z. Wu, C. Yan, L. She, Y. Yang, H. Pan Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy Xi'an Technological University Xi'an 710021, China Z. Wu, C. Yan, L. She, Y. Yang, H. Pan Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy Xi'an Technological University Xi'an 710021, China 1 9 9 8 #/texts/8 text metadata False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 605.94, 193.95, 16.17] E-mail: sheliaona@xatu.edu.cn; yangyaxiong@xatu.edu.cn; honggepan@zju.edu.cn E-mail: sheliaona@xatu.edu.cn; yangyaxiong@xatu.edu.cn; honggepan@zju.edu.cn E-mail: sheliaona@xatu.edu.cn; yangyaxiong@xatu.edu.cn; honggepan@zju.edu.cn E-mail: sheliaona@xatu.edu.cn; yangyaxiong@xatu.edu.cn; honggepan@zju.edu.cn 1 10 10 9 #/texts/9 text affiliation False medium affiliation_block affiliation_block True p1:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 625.87, 227.91, 43.07] C. Yan, X. Zhang, Y . Liu, W. Sun, Y . Jiang, M. Gao, H. Pan State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials andSchoolofMaterialsScienceandEngineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027,China C. Yan, X. Zhang, Y . Liu, W. Sun, Y . Jiang, M. Gao, H. Pan State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials andSchoolofMaterialsScienceandEngineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027,China C. Yan, X. Zhang, Y . Liu, W. Sun, Y . Jiang, M. Gao, H. Pan State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials andSchoolofMaterialsScienceandEngineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027,China C. Yan, X. Zhang, Y . Liu, W. Sun, Y . Jiang, M. Gao, H. Pan State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials andSchoolofMaterialsScienceandEngineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027,China 1 11 11 10 #/texts/10 text metadata False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 670.7, 89.07, 7.2] E-mail: gaomx@zju.edu.cn E-mail: gaomx@zju.edu.cn E-mail: gaomx@zju.edu.cn E-mail: gaomx@zju.edu.cn 1 12 12 11 #/texts/11 text metadata False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [68.79, 690.25, 222.97, 16.17] The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401645 The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202401645 The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under 1 13 13 12 #/texts/12 text page_margin_footer False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [50.81, 712.5, 111.55, 8.02] DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401645 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401645 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401645 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401645 1 20 14 13 #/texts/19 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p1:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 745.71, 70.17, 6.3] Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 1 17 18 17 #/texts/16 text affiliation False low outside_body_flow_affiliation_block outside_body_flow_affiliation_block True p1:body_region:0 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 570.99, 108.48, 34.1] P. Gao, X. Yu Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433, China P. Gao, X. Yu Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433, China P. Gao, X. Yu Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433, China P. Gao, X. Yu Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433, China 1 18 19 18 #/texts/17 text unknown_text False medium outside_body_flow outside_body_flow True p1:body_region:0 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 608.86, 17.6, 7.2] Y. Lin Y. Lin Y. Lin Y. Lin 1 19 20 19 #/texts/18 text affiliation False low outside_body_flow_affiliation_block outside_body_flow_affiliation_block True p1:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 617.82, 214.9, 25.13] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026, China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026, China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026, China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026, China 1 21 21 20 #/texts/20 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p1:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [266.69, 744.38, 64.3, 8.02] 2401645 (1 of 13) 2401645 (1 of 13) 2401645 (1 of 13) 2401645 (1 of 13) 1 22 22 21 #/texts/21 page_footer page_footer False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [469.66, 745.82, 77.21, 6.3] ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH 2 2 1 22 #/texts/23 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header True p2:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 50.12, 120.78, 8.02] www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advancedsciencenews.com 2 6 5 26 #/texts/27 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p2:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 649.05, 122.45, 10.25] 2. Results and Discussion 2. Results and Discussion 2. Results and Discussion 2. Results and Discussion 2 11 7 28 #/texts/31 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p2:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 745.71, 70.17, 6.3] Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 2 1 8 29 #/texts/22 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:top_margin:column_2_of_2:off_white [247, 247, 247] off_white False False [578.97, 15.65, 4.54, 751.19] 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ter… 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 2 9 9 30 #/texts/29 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header True p2:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [456.8, 50.12, 87.21, 8.02] www.small-journal.com www.small-journal.com 2 8 10 31 #/texts/28#prov1 text back_matter_heading False low early_back_matter_heading early_back_matter_heading True p2:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 76.43, 240.96, 129.0] Supporting Information) further confirm that the lattice parameters of LMRO and LMRO@7CuPc electrodes keep well, indicating preparation process does not damage the bulk structure. Figure 1 a-c shows the high-angle annul… Supporting Information) further confirm that the lattice parameters of LMRO and LMRO@7CuPc electrodes keep well, indicating preparation process does not damage the bulk structure. Figure 1 a-c shows the high-angle annul… Supporting Information) further confirm that the lattice parameters of LMRO and LMRO@7CuPc electrodes keep well, indicating preparation process does not damage the bulk structure. Figure 1 a-c shows the high-angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) images of the as-prepared LMRO@7CuPc electrode. The particle has a coating layer with ≈ 2 nm, while the bulk presents a layered structure with the interplanar spacing of 2.34 Å corresponding to the (012) plane. STEM-energy dispersive spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) in Figure 1d reveals the elements of Mn, Ni, Co, O, and Cu and N of CuPc are uniformly distributed in the particle, confirming that CuPc is coated on the surface of the LMRO particle. Supporting Information) further confirm that the lattice parameters of LMRO and LMRO@7CuPc electrodes keep well, indicating preparation process does not damage the bulk structure. Figure 1 a-c shows the high-angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) images of the as-prepared LMRO@7CuPc electrode. The particle has a coating layer with ≈ 2 nm, while the bulk presents a layered structure with the interplanar spacing of 2.34 Å corresponding to the (012) plane. STEM-energy dispersive spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) in Figure 1d reveals the elements of Mn, Ni, Co, O, and Cu and N of CuPc are uniformly distributed in the particle, confirming that CuPc is coated on the surface of the LMRO particle. 2 10 11 32 #/texts/30#prov0 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p2:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 207.94, 240.96, 512.55] The electrochemical performances of CuPc-enhanced electrodes in the voltage window of 2.0-4.8 V at 0.1 C and 1 C (1C = 200 mA g -1 ) are shown in Figure 2 , and corresponding data are summarized in Table S2 (Supporting … The electrochemical performances of CuPc-enhanced electrodes in the voltage window of 2.0-4.8 V at 0.1 C and 1 C (1C = 200 mA g -1 ) are shown in Figure 2 , and corresponding data are summarized in Table S2 (Supporting … The electrochemical performances of CuPc-enhanced electrodes in the voltage window of 2.0-4.8 V at 0.1 C and 1 C (1C = 200 mA g -1 ) are shown in Figure 2 , and corresponding data are summarized in Table S2 (Supporting Information). Figure 2a shows the initial charge-discharge profile at 0.1 C. All electrodes display typical redox features of Li-rich cathode with a slope region below 4.4 V associated with Ni 2 + /3 + /4 + and Co 3 + /4 + cationic redox, and a long plateau ≈ 4.5 V associated with oxygen redox reaction. [ 16] Corresponding dQ/dV curves (Figure S3, Supporting Information) well reflect these redox processes and CuPc enhanced electrodes show no new redox reaction peak appears, and the peak area is almost uniform at ≈ 4.5 V during initial cycle, indicating that redox couple increases the redox reversibility of lattice oxygen during initial cycle, but does not increase the capacity because the introduction of the surface redox couple, the chargetransfer resistance of the electrode is increased since the surface coating layer is insulating. Therefore, the lithiation/delithiation process in Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 is not changed after the incorporation of CuPc, and the capacities have come from LMRO itself. The initial discharge capacities are 272.8, 273.2, 273.4, 278.5 and 267.7 mAh g -1 for LMRO, LMRO@3CuPc, LMRO@5CuPc, LMRO@7CuPc and LMRO@9CuPc electrodes with close initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 75.9%, 75.0%, 75.5%, 78.1% and 72.3%, respectively. That's because the abundant oxygen-related intermediate species are generated during high-voltage oxidation in lithium-rich layer oxide cathodes. These intermediates include lattice oxygen ions (O n -), superoxo (O 2 -), peroxo (O 2 2 -), oxygen vacancies (O-vacancies), O 2 dimers, or lost O 2 , which pose a significant challenge to the stability of the electrolyte and cathodeelectrolyte interface of LMRO. In particular, nucleophilic species such as peroxo and superoxide can preferentially react with certain solvents, altering the way CEI forms, which results in low Coulombic efficiency. [44-46] The capacity of the LMRO electrode shows a variation of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of CuPc content and 7 wt% CuPc is considered as the optimum content, which is due to the introduction of the surface redox couple, the charge-transfer resistance of the electrode is increased since the surface coating layer is insulating. In addition, the charge-transfer resistance is gradually decreased, which is accompanied by the increase of discharge capacity during the initial cycling. As shown in Figure 2b, after 50 cycles at 0.1 C, the capacity of the LMRO electrode drops to 233.4 mAh g -1 with a retention of 85.6%. Whereas, LMRO@7CuPc shows more steady cycling and remains at a capacity of 264.6 mAh g -1 with a retention of 91.8% compared to the maximum capacity of the eighth cycle, indicating excellent cycling stability. The long-term cycling performances are also illustrated in Figure 2c-f. It is ob- The electrochemical performances of CuPc-enhanced electrodes in the voltage window of 2.0-4.8 V at 0.1 C and 1 C (1C = 200 mA g -1 ) are shown in Figure 2 , and corresponding data are summarized in Table S2 (Supporting Information). Figure 2a shows the initial charge-discharge profile at 0.1 C. All electrodes display typical redox features of Li-rich cathode with a slope region below 4.4 V associated with Ni 2 + /3 + /4 + and Co 3 + /4 + cationic redox, and a long plateau ≈ 4.5 V associated with oxygen redox reaction. [ 16] Corresponding dQ/dV curves (Figure S3, Supporting Information) well reflect these redox processes and CuPc enhanced electrodes show no new redox reaction peak appears, and the peak area is almost uniform at ≈ 4.5 V during initial cycle, indicating that redox couple increases the redox reversibility of lattice oxygen during initial cycle, but does not increase the capacity because the introduction of the surface redox couple, the chargetransfer resistance of the electrode is increased since the surface coating layer is insulating. Therefore, the lithiation/delithiation process in Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 is not changed after the incorporation of CuPc, and the capacities have come from LMRO itself. The initial discharge capacities are 272.8, 273.2, 273.4, 278.5 and 267.7 mAh g -1 for LMRO, LMRO@3CuPc, LMRO@5CuPc, LMRO@7CuPc and LMRO@9CuPc electrodes with close initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 75.9%, 75.0%, 75.5%, 78.1% and 72.3%, respectively. That's because the abundant oxygen-related intermediate species are generated during high-voltage oxidation in lithium-rich layer oxide cathodes. These intermediates include lattice oxygen ions (O n -), superoxo (O 2 -), peroxo (O 2 2 -), oxygen vacancies (O-vacancies), O 2 dimers, or lost O 2 , which pose a significant challenge to the stability of the electrolyte and cathodeelectrolyte interface of LMRO. In particular, nucleophilic species such as peroxo and superoxide can preferentially react with certain solvents, altering the way CEI forms, which results in low Coulombic efficiency. [44-46] The capacity of the LMRO electrode shows a variation of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of CuPc content and 7 wt% CuPc is considered as the optimum content, which is due to the introduction of the surface redox couple, the charge-transfer resistance of the electrode is increased since the surface coating layer is insulating. In addition, the charge-transfer resistance is gradually decreased, which is accompanied by the increase of discharge capacity during the initial cycling. As shown in Figure 2b, after 50 cycles at 0.1 C, the capacity of the LMRO electrode drops to 233.4 mAh g -1 with a retention of 85.6%. Whereas, LMRO@7CuPc shows more steady cycling and remains at a capacity of 264.6 mAh g -1 with a retention of 91.8% compared to the maximum capacity of the eighth cycle, indicating excellent cycling stability. The long-term cycling performances are also illustrated in Figure 2c-f. It is ob- 2 12 12 33 #/texts/32 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [263.85, 744.38, 64.3, 8.02] 2401645 (2 of 13) 2401645 (2 of 13) 2401645 (2 of 13) 2401645 (2 of 13) 2 13 13 34 #/texts/33 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p2:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [466.82, 745.82, 77.21, 6.3] ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH 3 2 1 35 #/texts/34 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p3:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p3:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 50.12, 120.78, 8.02] www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advancedsciencenews.com 3 3 2 36 #/texts/35 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:off_white [247, 247, 247] off_white False False [578.97, 15.65, 4.54, 751.19] 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ter… 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 3 5 3 37 #/texts/37 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header True p3:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [459.64, 50.12, 87.21, 8.02] www.small-journal.com www.small-journal.com 3 4 4 38 #/texts/36 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 344.36, 496.04, 16.67] Figure 1. a) HAADF-STEM image of the LMRO@7CuPc electrode. b) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of the site A in (a). c) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of the site B in (a). d) STEM-EDS mapping of the LMRO@7CuPc el… Figure 1. a) HAADF-STEM image of the LMRO@7CuPc electrode. b) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of the site A in (a). c) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of the site B in (a). d) STEM-EDS mapping of the LMRO@7CuPc el… Figure 1. a) HAADF-STEM image of the LMRO@7CuPc electrode. b) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of the site A in (a). c) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of the site B in (a). d) STEM-EDS mapping of the LMRO@7CuPc electrode. Figure 1. a) HAADF-STEM image of the LMRO@7CuPc electrode. b) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of the site A in (a). c) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of the site B in (a). d) STEM-EDS mapping of the LMRO@7CuPc electrode. 3 1 5 39 #/texts/30#prov1 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p3:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 383.18, 240.96, 293.38] vious that LMRO electrode shows extremely fast capacity fading from 214.2 to 119.6 mAh g -1 , with a poor retention of only 55.8% after 500 cycles, and the discharge curves (Figure 2d) show severe voltage decay with a v… vious that LMRO electrode shows extremely fast capacity fading from 214.2 to 119.6 mAh g -1 , with a poor retention of only 55.8% after 500 cycles, and the discharge curves (Figure 2d) show severe voltage decay with a v… vious that LMRO electrode shows extremely fast capacity fading from 214.2 to 119.6 mAh g -1 , with a poor retention of only 55.8% after 500 cycles, and the discharge curves (Figure 2d) show severe voltage decay with a voltage retention of 73.9%, indicating that LMRO suffers sever spinel phase transition and structure degradation upon cycling. In sharp contrast, CuPc-enhanced electrodes all exhibit significantly improved cycling stability. In particular, LMRO@7CuPc shows the best cycling performance anddelivers steady capacity with only a slight decrease from 224.2 to 213.0 mAh g -1 upon 500 cycles with the highest capacity retention of 95.0%. Besides, the voltage decay is also remarkably suppressed maintaining 80.3% (Figure 2e), demonstrating the substantially suppressed of irreversible oxygen evolution and structural degradation during the cycle. Controlling oxygen release and regulating the covalency of the TM ─ O bond in the material is key to achieving electrochemical stability in LMRO. Cu 2 + doping is considered to be an effective method for stabilizing the structure of close-packed oxygen and improving the local electronic structure, and it can effectively suppress voltage decay in LMRO. [47-49] Benefiting from improved capacity and voltage cycling stability, CuPc-enhanced electrodes exhibit higher energy density (Figure 2f). After 500 long-term cycles, LMRO@7CuPc still delivers energy density as high as 615.4 Wh kg -1 , nearly twice that of LMRO electrode (327.8 Wh kg -1 ). Compared with the electrochemical performance of the previously reported LMROs (Table S3, Supporting Information), our results clearly exhibit the best cycling performance by far. vious that LMRO electrode shows extremely fast capacity fading from 214.2 to 119.6 mAh g -1 , with a poor retention of only 55.8% after 500 cycles, and the discharge curves (Figure 2d) show severe voltage decay with a voltage retention of 73.9%, indicating that LMRO suffers sever spinel phase transition and structure degradation upon cycling. In sharp contrast, CuPc-enhanced electrodes all exhibit significantly improved cycling stability. In particular, LMRO@7CuPc shows the best cycling performance anddelivers steady capacity with only a slight decrease from 224.2 to 213.0 mAh g -1 upon 500 cycles with the highest capacity retention of 95.0%. Besides, the voltage decay is also remarkably suppressed maintaining 80.3% (Figure 2e), demonstrating the substantially suppressed of irreversible oxygen evolution and structural degradation during the cycle. Controlling oxygen release and regulating the covalency of the TM ─ O bond in the material is key to achieving electrochemical stability in LMRO. Cu 2 + doping is considered to be an effective method for stabilizing the structure of close-packed oxygen and improving the local electronic structure, and it can effectively suppress voltage decay in LMRO. [47-49] Benefiting from improved capacity and voltage cycling stability, CuPc-enhanced electrodes exhibit higher energy density (Figure 2f). After 500 long-term cycles, LMRO@7CuPc still delivers energy density as high as 615.4 Wh kg -1 , nearly twice that of LMRO electrode (327.8 Wh kg -1 ). Compared with the electrochemical performance of the previously reported LMROs (Table S3, Supporting Information), our results clearly exhibit the best cycling performance by far. 3 6 6 40 #/texts/38#prov0 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p3:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p3:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 679.07, 240.97, 41.32] Furthermore, other metal phthalocyanine derivatives are investigated using as redox couple in LMRO as well, including phthalocyanine (Pc), nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc), cooper phthalocyanine (CoPc), manganese phthalocya… Furthermore, other metal phthalocyanine derivatives are investigated using as redox couple in LMRO as well, including phthalocyanine (Pc), nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc), cooper phthalocyanine (CoPc), manganese phthalocya… Furthermore, other metal phthalocyanine derivatives are investigated using as redox couple in LMRO as well, including phthalocyanine (Pc), nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc), cooper phthalocyanine (CoPc), manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc), iron Furthermore, other metal phthalocyanine derivatives are investigated using as redox couple in LMRO as well, including phthalocyanine (Pc), nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc), cooper phthalocyanine (CoPc), manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc), iron 3 9 7 41 #/texts/40 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p3:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p3:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 745.71, 70.17, 6.3] Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 3 7 8 42 #/texts/38#prov1 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p3:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.92, 383.18, 240.97, 315.29] phthalocyanine (FePc) and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc). All the additives are added into LMRO and the electrode preparation are same as CuPc enhanced electrodes, and the corresponding electrochemical performance data are … phthalocyanine (FePc) and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc). All the additives are added into LMRO and the electrode preparation are same as CuPc enhanced electrodes, and the corresponding electrochemical performance data are … phthalocyanine (FePc) and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc). All the additives are added into LMRO and the electrode preparation are same as CuPc enhanced electrodes, and the corresponding electrochemical performance data are shown in Figures S4 and S5 and Table S4 (Supporting Information). Interestingly, all the metal phthalocyanine derivatives display the enhancement in cycling stability of the LMRO cathode, and the electrochemical performance at the optimum content of each additive is selected for a more intuitive comparison. All electrodes exhibit similar initial charge-discharge profiles, but modified electrodes deliver higher capacities and ICE, especially for MnPcenhanced electrodes with 283.6 mAh g -1 and 81.9%, respectively. The long-term cycling measurement further confirms the positive effect of metal phthalocyanine derivatives on LMRO that each additive-enhanced electrode exhibits higher discharge capacity and improved cycling stability. Among them, CuPc enhanced electrode shows the highest capacity and the best cycling stability (213.0 mAh g -1 with 95.0% after 500 cycles). Followed by the FePc and MnPc, corresponding electrodes show also high capacity retention of 87.9% and 86.7%, respectively, with a slightly lower capacity unfortunately. Then the CoPc and Pc enhanced electrodes are in the third echelon, delivering a capacity retention of 84.0% and 80.5%. ZnPc and NiPc enhanced electrodes fall behind others, nevertheless, the capacity stability is still better compared to bare LMRO. In a short summary, the above results clearly confirm the availability and universality of metal phthalocyanine derivatives strategy on LMRO, and the modification effect of most phthalocyanine compounds containing metal ions is better than that of phthalocyanine. phthalocyanine (FePc) and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc). All the additives are added into LMRO and the electrode preparation are same as CuPc enhanced electrodes, and the corresponding electrochemical performance data are shown in Figures S4 and S5 and Table S4 (Supporting Information). Interestingly, all the metal phthalocyanine derivatives display the enhancement in cycling stability of the LMRO cathode, and the electrochemical performance at the optimum content of each additive is selected for a more intuitive comparison. All electrodes exhibit similar initial charge-discharge profiles, but modified electrodes deliver higher capacities and ICE, especially for MnPcenhanced electrodes with 283.6 mAh g -1 and 81.9%, respectively. The long-term cycling measurement further confirms the positive effect of metal phthalocyanine derivatives on LMRO that each additive-enhanced electrode exhibits higher discharge capacity and improved cycling stability. Among them, CuPc enhanced electrode shows the highest capacity and the best cycling stability (213.0 mAh g -1 with 95.0% after 500 cycles). Followed by the FePc and MnPc, corresponding electrodes show also high capacity retention of 87.9% and 86.7%, respectively, with a slightly lower capacity unfortunately. Then the CoPc and Pc enhanced electrodes are in the third echelon, delivering a capacity retention of 84.0% and 80.5%. ZnPc and NiPc enhanced electrodes fall behind others, nevertheless, the capacity stability is still better compared to bare LMRO. In a short summary, the above results clearly confirm the availability and universality of metal phthalocyanine derivatives strategy on LMRO, and the modification effect of most phthalocyanine compounds containing metal ions is better than that of phthalocyanine. 3 8 9 43 #/texts/39#prov0 text unknown_text False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p3:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p3:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.92, 700.99, 240.94, 19.4] According to the above discussion of electrochemical performance, we speculate that there is a synergetic effect on Cu and According to the above discussion of electrochemical performance, we speculate that there is a synergetic effect on Cu and According to the above discussion of electrochemical performance, we speculate that there is a synergetic effect on Cu and According to the above discussion of electrochemical performance, we speculate that there is a synergetic effect on Cu and 3 10 10 44 #/texts/41 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p3:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [266.69, 744.38, 64.3, 8.02] 2401645 (3 of 13) 2401645 (3 of 13) 2401645 (3 of 13) 2401645 (3 of 13) 3 11 11 45 #/texts/42 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p3:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p3:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [469.66, 745.82, 77.21, 6.3] ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH 4 1 1 46 #/texts/39#prov1 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header False None top_margin left None None p4:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 50.12, 120.78, 8.02] www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advancedsciencenews.com 4 3 2 47 #/texts/44 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body full None None p4:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 669.89, 496.06, 27.59] Figure 2. Electrochemical performance of LMRO and CuPc-enhanced electrodes. a) Initial charge-discharge profiles at 20 mA g -1 . b) Cycling performance at 20 mA g -1 . c) Cycling performance at 200 mA g -1 . d,e) Voltag… Figure 2. Electrochemical performance of LMRO and CuPc-enhanced electrodes. a) Initial charge-discharge profiles at 20 mA g -1 . b) Cycling performance at 20 mA g -1 . c) Cycling performance at 200 mA g -1 . d,e) Voltag… Figure 2. Electrochemical performance of LMRO and CuPc-enhanced electrodes. a) Initial charge-discharge profiles at 20 mA g -1 . b) Cycling performance at 20 mA g -1 . c) Cycling performance at 200 mA g -1 . d,e) Voltage-capacity profiles of LMRO and LMRO@7CuPc electrodes at different cycles. f) Energy density curves during cycling at 200 mA g -1 . Figure 2. Electrochemical performance of LMRO and CuPc-enhanced electrodes. a) Initial charge-discharge profiles at 20 mA g -1 . b) Cycling performance at 20 mA g -1 . c) Cycling performance at 200 mA g -1 . d,e) Voltage-capacity profiles of LMRO and LMRO@7CuPc electrodes at different cycles. f) Energy density curves during cycling at 200 mA g -1 . 4 5 3 48 #/texts/46 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin left None None p4:bottom_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 745.71, 70.17, 6.3] Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 4 6 4 49 #/texts/47 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin left_crossing None None p4:bottom_margin:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [263.85, 744.38, 64.3, 8.02] 2401645 (4 of 13) 2401645 (4 of 13) 2401645 (4 of 13) 2401645 (4 of 13) 4 4 5 50 #/texts/45 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header False None top_margin right None None p4:top_margin:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [456.8, 50.12, 87.21, 8.02] www.small-journal.com www.small-journal.com 4 7 6 51 #/texts/48 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin right None None p4:bottom_margin:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [466.82, 745.82, 77.21, 6.3] ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH 4 2 7 52 #/texts/43 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin right None None p4:top_margin:right:off_white [247, 247, 247] off_white False False [578.97, 15.65, 4.54, 751.19] 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ter… 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 5 1 1 53 #/texts/39#prov2 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header True p5:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 50.12, 120.78, 8.02] www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advancedsciencenews.com 5 2 2 54 #/texts/39#prov3 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p5:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 76.43, 240.97, 644.06] N elements of CuPc thus realizing the best cycling stability. To elucidate the mechanism of improved cycling stability and redox behavior of oxygen, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement is conducted for LM… N elements of CuPc thus realizing the best cycling stability. To elucidate the mechanism of improved cycling stability and redox behavior of oxygen, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement is conducted for LM… N elements of CuPc thus realizing the best cycling stability. To elucidate the mechanism of improved cycling stability and redox behavior of oxygen, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement is conducted for LMRO and LMRO@7CuPc electrodes during the first charge-discharge process. For the O 1s spectra of the surface in Figure S6 (Supporting Information), a new peak located at 530.5 eV related to O 2 2 -species appears, indicating the oxygen oxidation reaction when charging to 4.8 V [ 17] and the O 2 2 -shows less intensity in LMRO@7CuPc electrode, suggesting the difference in surface chemistry. The N 1s spectra are collected in different states of charge (SOC) of LMRO@7CuPc. Before cycling, the electrode exhibits a peak at approximately 399.4 eV (named N re ), and when charging above 3.8 V, a new peak at 401.0 eV (N ox ) appears to correspond to N losing electrons and oxidation. [ 43] As an electron donor, the C-N groups (N re ) in CuPc easily lose electron oxidation to form C ═ N (N ox ) groups during charging. As an electron acceptor in the discharge process, the electron is reduced back to the C ─ N groups. [50,51] The intensity of the N ox peak increases accompanied by the decrease of the N re peak during the charging process indicating N element is gradually oxidized, and during the discharging process, the N element is reduced back with the intensity of the N ox peak decreasing again and N re peak becoming dominant. The corresponding atomic ratio of N re and N ox is plotted in Figure 3 c. It is noted that the ratio during 4.4-4.8 V, corresponding to oxygen redox reaction (O 2 -→ O2 2 -), the ratio of N ox shows a rapid increase. Hence, combined with the above O 1s results, when lattice O 2 -is oxidized to O 2 2 -above 4.4 V, the N element can chemically reduce surface O 2 2 -back to stable lattice O 2 -again, with generation of oxidized N (N ox ), thus inhibiting the irreversible oxygen gas releasing to stabilize crystal structure. The N ox can be reduced back to pristine N re species during the discharging process and play a role in the consequent charge-discharge process complied with the same reaction circulation (Figure S7, Supporting Information). Interestingly, Cu ion displays valence state change and participates in redox reactions as well. As shown in Figure 3b,f, Cu ion exists as Cu 2 + before the cycle, where the peak at 935.0 eV corresponds to Cu 2 + 2p3/2 . [ 52] With the charging, a new peak located at 933.2 eV appears corresponding to Cu + 2p3/2 , indicating the reduction from divalent copper to monovalent copper, which is because the PF 6 -in the electrolyte is easily adsorbated near the copper atoms in CuPc, resulting in a decrease in the charge density of copper, thereby reducing to Cu + . [ 39,43] According to previous studies, [ 53] the N element would combine with PF 6 -when loss electron, and N-PF 6 -interaction may hinder the reduction reaction between N and O 2 2 -. However, the adsorbed PF 6 -is prone to lie near the Cu atom in CuPc, which allows the N redox activity could be kept by the synergistic effect from the Cu ion to prevent PF 6 -absorption. To further confirm the validity of the Cu/N synergistic effect, the N 1s XPS spectra of phthalocyanine (Pc)enhanced LMRO electrode are investigated. Compared to CuPc redox couple, Pc has a poor modification on LMRO cathode as discussed above. The N 1s of the LMRO + 1%Pc electrode shows a similar peak variation that N is oxidized during charge and is reduced back during discharge, indicating the redox reaction with O2 2 -similar with CuPc (Figure S8, Supporting Information). In sharp contrast, the ratio of N ox is less with a slight change, suggesting the lower reaction activity and reversibility of N in the LMRO + 1%Pc electrode. Therefore, the synergistic effect of Cu N elements of CuPc thus realizing the best cycling stability. To elucidate the mechanism of improved cycling stability and redox behavior of oxygen, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement is conducted for LMRO and LMRO@7CuPc electrodes during the first charge-discharge process. For the O 1s spectra of the surface in Figure S6 (Supporting Information), a new peak located at 530.5 eV related to O 2 2 -species appears, indicating the oxygen oxidation reaction when charging to 4.8 V [ 17] and the O 2 2 -shows less intensity in LMRO@7CuPc electrode, suggesting the difference in surface chemistry. The N 1s spectra are collected in different states of charge (SOC) of LMRO@7CuPc. Before cycling, the electrode exhibits a peak at approximately 399.4 eV (named N re ), and when charging above 3.8 V, a new peak at 401.0 eV (N ox ) appears to correspond to N losing electrons and oxidation. [ 43] As an electron donor, the C-N groups (N re ) in CuPc easily lose electron oxidation to form C ═ N (N ox ) groups during charging. As an electron acceptor in the discharge process, the electron is reduced back to the C ─ N groups. [50,51] The intensity of the N ox peak increases accompanied by the decrease of the N re peak during the charging process indicating N element is gradually oxidized, and during the discharging process, the N element is reduced back with the intensity of the N ox peak decreasing again and N re peak becoming dominant. The corresponding atomic ratio of N re and N ox is plotted in Figure 3 c. It is noted that the ratio during 4.4-4.8 V, corresponding to oxygen redox reaction (O 2 -→ O2 2 -), the ratio of N ox shows a rapid increase. Hence, combined with the above O 1s results, when lattice O 2 -is oxidized to O 2 2 -above 4.4 V, the N element can chemically reduce surface O 2 2 -back to stable lattice O 2 -again, with generation of oxidized N (N ox ), thus inhibiting the irreversible oxygen gas releasing to stabilize crystal structure. The N ox can be reduced back to pristine N re species during the discharging process and play a role in the consequent charge-discharge process complied with the same reaction circulation (Figure S7, Supporting Information). Interestingly, Cu ion displays valence state change and participates in redox reactions as well. As shown in Figure 3b,f, Cu ion exists as Cu 2 + before the cycle, where the peak at 935.0 eV corresponds to Cu 2 + 2p3/2 . [ 52] With the charging, a new peak located at 933.2 eV appears corresponding to Cu + 2p3/2 , indicating the reduction from divalent copper to monovalent copper, which is because the PF 6 -in the electrolyte is easily adsorbated near the copper atoms in CuPc, resulting in a decrease in the charge density of copper, thereby reducing to Cu + . [ 39,43] According to previous studies, [ 53] the N element would combine with PF 6 -when loss electron, and N-PF 6 -interaction may hinder the reduction reaction between N and O 2 2 -. However, the adsorbed PF 6 -is prone to lie near the Cu atom in CuPc, which allows the N redox activity could be kept by the synergistic effect from the Cu ion to prevent PF 6 -absorption. To further confirm the validity of the Cu/N synergistic effect, the N 1s XPS spectra of phthalocyanine (Pc)enhanced LMRO electrode are investigated. Compared to CuPc redox couple, Pc has a poor modification on LMRO cathode as discussed above. The N 1s of the LMRO + 1%Pc electrode shows a similar peak variation that N is oxidized during charge and is reduced back during discharge, indicating the redox reaction with O2 2 -similar with CuPc (Figure S8, Supporting Information). In sharp contrast, the ratio of N ox is less with a slight change, suggesting the lower reaction activity and reversibility of N in the LMRO + 1%Pc electrode. Therefore, the synergistic effect of Cu 5 9 3 55 #/texts/54 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p5:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 745.71, 70.17, 6.3] Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 5 4 4 56 #/texts/49 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:top_margin:column_2_of_2:off_white [247, 247, 247] off_white False False [578.97, 15.65, 4.54, 751.19] 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ter… 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 5 5 5 57 #/texts/50 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header True p5:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [459.64, 50.12, 87.21, 8.02] www.small-journal.com www.small-journal.com 5 3 6 58 #/texts/39#prov4 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 76.42, 240.96, 41.32] and N ensures the high reaction activity of N element to reduce O2 2 -of LMRO in time, and the effect of Cu is also maintained in the next cycling (Figure S7, Supporting Information), thus realizing the high performance… and N ensures the high reaction activity of N element to reduce O2 2 -of LMRO in time, and the effect of Cu is also maintained in the next cycling (Figure S7, Supporting Information), thus realizing the high performance… and N ensures the high reaction activity of N element to reduce O2 2 -of LMRO in time, and the effect of Cu is also maintained in the next cycling (Figure S7, Supporting Information), thus realizing the high performance of CuPc redox couple. and N ensures the high reaction activity of N element to reduce O2 2 -of LMRO in time, and the effect of Cu is also maintained in the next cycling (Figure S7, Supporting Information), thus realizing the high performance of CuPc redox couple. 5 6 7 59 #/texts/51 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.92, 120.27, 240.96, 139.95] Operando differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) was performed to evaluate the gas evolution during the initial cycle. As depicted in Figure 3e, the LMRO electrode displays an obvious O 2 and CO2 generatio… Operando differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) was performed to evaluate the gas evolution during the initial cycle. As depicted in Figure 3e, the LMRO electrode displays an obvious O 2 and CO2 generatio… Operando differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) was performed to evaluate the gas evolution during the initial cycle. As depicted in Figure 3e, the LMRO electrode displays an obvious O 2 and CO2 generation when charging above 4.4 V, which originates from the oxidation of surface O 2 2 -and electrolyte decomposition, respectively. When charging to 4.8 V, O2 and CO2 have the largest gas flux with 0.656 × 10 -2 , 0.812 × 10 -2 µ mol min -1 , respectively. In contrast, LMRO@7CuPc exhibits significant suppression of gas evolution with the postponement of O 2 and CO2 generated voltage and the amount of gas is remarkably lower than that of LMRO (only 0.078 × 10 -2 and 0.208 × 10 -2 µ mol min -1 ), confirming the elimination of oxygen release enabled by CuPc redox couple. Operando differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) was performed to evaluate the gas evolution during the initial cycle. As depicted in Figure 3e, the LMRO electrode displays an obvious O 2 and CO2 generation when charging above 4.4 V, which originates from the oxidation of surface O 2 2 -and electrolyte decomposition, respectively. When charging to 4.8 V, O2 and CO2 have the largest gas flux with 0.656 × 10 -2 , 0.812 × 10 -2 µ mol min -1 , respectively. In contrast, LMRO@7CuPc exhibits significant suppression of gas evolution with the postponement of O 2 and CO2 generated voltage and the amount of gas is remarkably lower than that of LMRO (only 0.078 × 10 -2 and 0.208 × 10 -2 µ mol min -1 ), confirming the elimination of oxygen release enabled by CuPc redox couple. 5 7 8 60 #/texts/52 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.92, 262.73, 240.96, 271.46] Except for the effect on the LMRO surface, the CuPc strategy enhances the oxygen redox in bulk as well. LMRO and LMRO@7CuPc electrodes in different SOC were etched by Ar ion for 20 min to collect the bulk information of… Except for the effect on the LMRO surface, the CuPc strategy enhances the oxygen redox in bulk as well. LMRO and LMRO@7CuPc electrodes in different SOC were etched by Ar ion for 20 min to collect the bulk information of… Except for the effect on the LMRO surface, the CuPc strategy enhances the oxygen redox in bulk as well. LMRO and LMRO@7CuPc electrodes in different SOC were etched by Ar ion for 20 min to collect the bulk information of O 1s. [ 54,55] As shown in Figure 3f,g, during the initial cycle, the O 2 2 -species (peak at 530.5 eV) gradually generate, increase, and then decrease due to the oxygen redox (O 2 -→ O2 2 -→ O 2 -), and the intensity of O2 2 -is higher in LMRO@7CuPc, indicating more oxygen redox. To evaluate oxygen redox activity quantitatively, O 2 2 -%, defined as (O 2 -/(O 2 2 - + O 2 -) by considering the integrated areas, is plotted in Figure S9 (Supporting Information). LMRO shows lower O 2 2 -%during cycling with a maximum value of 12.41% in 4.8 V, and even 4.45% O 2 2 -is residual reflecting the partial irreversible reaction. Whereas, LMRO@7CuPc exhibits higher O 2 2 -ratio with a maximum of 30.84% and full O 2 2 -is reduced back when discharging to 2.0 V, and the investigation on the second cycle also shows the same pattern (Figure S10, Supporting Information). The above results verify the enhancement of oxygen reaction activity and reversibility benefitted from the CuPc strategy in LMRO bulk. Therefore, the effect of CuPc redox couple could be briefly summarized as that the irreversible oxygen evolution is the elimination of Cu/N synergetic effect on the surface and the oxygen redox activity and reversibility is greatly improved in the inner bulk region, thus achieving outstanding capacity and cycling stability. Except for the effect on the LMRO surface, the CuPc strategy enhances the oxygen redox in bulk as well. LMRO and LMRO@7CuPc electrodes in different SOC were etched by Ar ion for 20 min to collect the bulk information of O 1s. [ 54,55] As shown in Figure 3f,g, during the initial cycle, the O 2 2 -species (peak at 530.5 eV) gradually generate, increase, and then decrease due to the oxygen redox (O 2 -→ O2 2 -→ O 2 -), and the intensity of O2 2 -is higher in LMRO@7CuPc, indicating more oxygen redox. To evaluate oxygen redox activity quantitatively, O 2 2 -%, defined as (O 2 -/(O 2 2 - + O 2 -) by considering the integrated areas, is plotted in Figure S9 (Supporting Information). LMRO shows lower O 2 2 -%during cycling with a maximum value of 12.41% in 4.8 V, and even 4.45% O 2 2 -is residual reflecting the partial irreversible reaction. Whereas, LMRO@7CuPc exhibits higher O 2 2 -ratio with a maximum of 30.84% and full O 2 2 -is reduced back when discharging to 2.0 V, and the investigation on the second cycle also shows the same pattern (Figure S10, Supporting Information). The above results verify the enhancement of oxygen reaction activity and reversibility benefitted from the CuPc strategy in LMRO bulk. Therefore, the effect of CuPc redox couple could be briefly summarized as that the irreversible oxygen evolution is the elimination of Cu/N synergetic effect on the surface and the oxygen redox activity and reversibility is greatly improved in the inner bulk region, thus achieving outstanding capacity and cycling stability. 5 8 9 61 #/texts/53 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p5:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.92, 536.71, 240.97, 183.79] To investigate the structural degradation during cycling, XRD patterns of LMRO and LMRO@7CuPc at selected cycles are compared and shown in Figure S11 and Table S1 (Supporting Information). During the cycling, the diffra… To investigate the structural degradation during cycling, XRD patterns of LMRO and LMRO@7CuPc at selected cycles are compared and shown in Figure S11 and Table S1 (Supporting Information). During the cycling, the diffra… To investigate the structural degradation during cycling, XRD patterns of LMRO and LMRO@7CuPc at selected cycles are compared and shown in Figure S11 and Table S1 (Supporting Information). During the cycling, the diffraction reflections of the LMRO electrode gradually weaken and widen, indicating the destruction and disordering of the crystal structure. Besides, according to Rietveld refinement results, the LMRO electrode suffers severe phase transition and a large amount of spinel phase is formed which reaches 34.71 wt% after 500 cycles. Oppositely, the LMRO@7CuPc electrode remains a strong reflection during the cycling process and shows good structure maintenance. Meanwhile, the content of the spinel phase in LMRO@7CuPc shows quite a slow increase, and only 8.24 wt% spinel phase is formed after 500 cycles, indicating the significant suppression of layered spinel phase transition. Moreover, the variation of lattice parameter after 500 cycles confirms LMRO@7CuPc shows a much milder unit cell expansion ratio, only half of that of LMRO. To investigate the structural degradation during cycling, XRD patterns of LMRO and LMRO@7CuPc at selected cycles are compared and shown in Figure S11 and Table S1 (Supporting Information). During the cycling, the diffraction reflections of the LMRO electrode gradually weaken and widen, indicating the destruction and disordering of the crystal structure. Besides, according to Rietveld refinement results, the LMRO electrode suffers severe phase transition and a large amount of spinel phase is formed which reaches 34.71 wt% after 500 cycles. Oppositely, the LMRO@7CuPc electrode remains a strong reflection during the cycling process and shows good structure maintenance. Meanwhile, the content of the spinel phase in LMRO@7CuPc shows quite a slow increase, and only 8.24 wt% spinel phase is formed after 500 cycles, indicating the significant suppression of layered spinel phase transition. Moreover, the variation of lattice parameter after 500 cycles confirms LMRO@7CuPc shows a much milder unit cell expansion ratio, only half of that of LMRO. 5 10 10 62 #/texts/55 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [266.69, 744.38, 64.3, 8.02] 2401645 (5 of 13) 2401645 (5 of 13) 2401645 (5 of 13) 2401645 (5 of 13) 5 11 11 63 #/texts/56 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p5:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [469.66, 745.82, 77.21, 6.3] ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH 6 2 1 64 #/texts/58 section_header metadata False low document_web_address document_web_address False None top_margin left None None p6:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 50.12, 120.78, 8.02] www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advancedsciencenews.com 6 3 2 65 #/texts/59 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body full None None p6:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 634.36, 496.06, 35.6] Figure 3. The XPS spectra for LMRO@7CuPc electrode during the first cycle of a) N 1s spectra, b) Cu 2p Spectra. c) Relative atomic ratio of N re and N ox during the first cycle of LMRO@7CuPc electrode. d) Relative atomi… Figure 3. The XPS spectra for LMRO@7CuPc electrode during the first cycle of a) N 1s spectra, b) Cu 2p Spectra. c) Relative atomic ratio of N re and N ox during the first cycle of LMRO@7CuPc electrode. d) Relative atomi… Figure 3. The XPS spectra for LMRO@7CuPc electrode during the first cycle of a) N 1s spectra, b) Cu 2p Spectra. c) Relative atomic ratio of N re and N ox during the first cycle of LMRO@7CuPc electrode. d) Relative atomic ratio of Cu 2 + and Cu + during the first cycle of LMRO@7CuPc electrode. e) DEMS curves for LMRO and LMRO@7CuPc electrode during the first cycle. The O 1s after Ar etching 20 min during the first cycle for f) LMRO electrode and g) LMRO@7CuPc electrode. Figure 3. The XPS spectra for LMRO@7CuPc electrode during the first cycle of a) N 1s spectra, b) Cu 2p Spectra. c) Relative atomic ratio of N re and N ox during the first cycle of LMRO@7CuPc electrode. d) Relative atomic ratio of Cu 2 + and Cu + during the first cycle of LMRO@7CuPc electrode. e) DEMS curves for LMRO and LMRO@7CuPc electrode during the first cycle. The O 1s after Ar etching 20 min during the first cycle for f) LMRO electrode and g) LMRO@7CuPc electrode. 6 5 3 66 #/texts/61 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin left None None p6:bottom_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 745.71, 70.17, 6.3] Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 6 6 4 67 #/texts/62 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin left_crossing None None p6:bottom_margin:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [263.85, 744.38, 64.3, 8.02] 2401645 (6 of 13) 2401645 (6 of 13) 2401645 (6 of 13) 2401645 (6 of 13) 6 4 5 68 #/texts/60 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header False None top_margin right None None p6:top_margin:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [456.8, 50.12, 87.21, 8.02] www.small-journal.com www.small-journal.com 6 7 6 69 #/texts/63 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin right None None p6:bottom_margin:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [466.82, 745.82, 77.21, 6.3] ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH 6 1 7 70 #/texts/57 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin right None None p6:top_margin:right:off_white [247, 247, 247] off_white False False [578.97, 15.65, 4.54, 751.19] 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ter… 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 7 2 1 71 #/texts/65 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header True p7:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 50.12, 120.78, 8.02] www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advancedsciencenews.com 7 1 2 72 #/texts/64 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:top_margin:column_2_of_2:off_white [247, 247, 247] off_white False False [578.97, 15.65, 4.54, 751.19] 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ter… 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 7 4 3 73 #/texts/67 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header True p7:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [459.64, 50.12, 87.21, 8.02] www.small-journal.com www.small-journal.com 7 3 4 74 #/texts/66 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 431.36, 496.05, 35.6] Figure 4. a) HAADF-STEM image of LMRO electrode after 500 cycles. b) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of site A in (a). Inset: FFT image of Figure b. c) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of site B in (a). d). HAADF-S… Figure 4. a) HAADF-STEM image of LMRO electrode after 500 cycles. b) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of site A in (a). Inset: FFT image of Figure b. c) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of site B in (a). d). HAADF-S… Figure 4. a) HAADF-STEM image of LMRO electrode after 500 cycles. b) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of site A in (a). Inset: FFT image of Figure b. c) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of site B in (a). d). HAADF-STEM image of LMRO@7CuPc electrode after 500 cycles. e) Atomicresolution HAADF-STEM image of site C in (d). f) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of site D in (d). g) FFT pattern of the purple rectangle region in (f). h) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of site E in (d). i) iDPC-STEM image of the red rectangle region in (h). Figure 4. a) HAADF-STEM image of LMRO electrode after 500 cycles. b) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of site A in (a). Inset: FFT image of Figure b. c) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of site B in (a). d). HAADF-STEM image of LMRO@7CuPc electrode after 500 cycles. e) Atomicresolution HAADF-STEM image of site C in (d). f) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of site D in (d). g) FFT pattern of the purple rectangle region in (f). h) Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM image of site E in (d). i) iDPC-STEM image of the red rectangle region in (h). 7 5 5 75 #/texts/68 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p7:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 492.77, 240.95, 194.74] The better structure stability is also proven by surface-sensitive Raman spectrometry as shown in Figure S12 (Supporting Information). For the pristine LMRO electrode, the peak located at 415 cm -1 is ascribed to A 1g v… The better structure stability is also proven by surface-sensitive Raman spectrometry as shown in Figure S12 (Supporting Information). For the pristine LMRO electrode, the peak located at 415 cm -1 is ascribed to A 1g v… The better structure stability is also proven by surface-sensitive Raman spectrometry as shown in Figure S12 (Supporting Information). For the pristine LMRO electrode, the peak located at 415 cm -1 is ascribed to A 1g vibration of monoclinic Li2MnO3 (C2/m structure), and two peaks located at 475 and 592 cm -1 could be attributed to E g and A1g vibrations of R-3m structure, respectively. [ 32,56] After 500 cycles, the A1g peak of C2/m vanishes due to the damage to the superstructure, and the peaks of R-3m broaden and appear to redshift with a new strong peak of 625 cm -1 related to cubic Fd-3m structure, [ 56,57] suggesting the degradation of layered structure and sever spinel phase transition, consistent to XRD results, which is because of the oxygen evolution in the charging process, which makes the transition metal become unstable and migrate, causing the transition to the spinel phase. [ 58,59] In contrast, LMRO@7CuPc exhibits wellpreserved E g and A 1g vibration peaks of R-3m as well as A 1g vibration of C/2m with tiny cubic Fd-3m peaks, indicating the significant suppression of structure degradation and oxygen evolution. The better structure stability is also proven by surface-sensitive Raman spectrometry as shown in Figure S12 (Supporting Information). For the pristine LMRO electrode, the peak located at 415 cm -1 is ascribed to A 1g vibration of monoclinic Li2MnO3 (C2/m structure), and two peaks located at 475 and 592 cm -1 could be attributed to E g and A1g vibrations of R-3m structure, respectively. [ 32,56] After 500 cycles, the A1g peak of C2/m vanishes due to the damage to the superstructure, and the peaks of R-3m broaden and appear to redshift with a new strong peak of 625 cm -1 related to cubic Fd-3m structure, [ 56,57] suggesting the degradation of layered structure and sever spinel phase transition, consistent to XRD results, which is because of the oxygen evolution in the charging process, which makes the transition metal become unstable and migrate, causing the transition to the spinel phase. [ 58,59] In contrast, LMRO@7CuPc exhibits wellpreserved E g and A 1g vibration peaks of R-3m as well as A 1g vibration of C/2m with tiny cubic Fd-3m peaks, indicating the significant suppression of structure degradation and oxygen evolution. 7 6 6 76 #/texts/69#prov0 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p7:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 690.03, 240.95, 30.36] Furthermore, Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM is conducted to investigate the structure evolution on the nanoscale. As shown in Figure 4 a, the LMRO electrode shows a huge morphology Furthermore, Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM is conducted to investigate the structure evolution on the nanoscale. As shown in Figure 4 a, the LMRO electrode shows a huge morphology Furthermore, Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM is conducted to investigate the structure evolution on the nanoscale. As shown in Figure 4 a, the LMRO electrode shows a huge morphology Furthermore, Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM is conducted to investigate the structure evolution on the nanoscale. As shown in Figure 4 a, the LMRO electrode shows a huge morphology 7 8 7 77 #/texts/70 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p7:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 745.71, 70.17, 6.3] Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 7 7 8 78 #/texts/69#prov1 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p7:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.92, 492.77, 240.96, 227.62] change in that the whole particle becomes loose and the surface region becomes rough with jagged edges due to a side reaction with electrolyte. [ 20] It is worse that lots of nanovoids distribute throughout the particle… change in that the whole particle becomes loose and the surface region becomes rough with jagged edges due to a side reaction with electrolyte. [ 20] It is worse that lots of nanovoids distribute throughout the particle… change in that the whole particle becomes loose and the surface region becomes rough with jagged edges due to a side reaction with electrolyte. [ 20] It is worse that lots of nanovoids distribute throughout the particle whether on the surface or in bulk (Figure 4b,c), resulting from irreversible oxygen release and transition metal dissolution. Moreover, fast Fourier transform (FFT) confirms that considerable layered structure has been transformed to the Fd-3m spinel structure with [111] zone axis andspinel phase transition extends from the surface into the bulk in LMRO particle, which is responsible for the fast capacity and voltage fading. In sharp contrast, the cycled LMRO@7CuPc electrode exhibits excellent structural integrity that the particle still maintains a tight structure and no nanovoids form due to the effective suppression of oxygen release (Figure 4d). The oxidized O2 2 -would become much more mobile and easier to escape from the surface of particles, resulting in oxygen loss and oxygen vacancies. Once the oxygen vacancies are generated during cycling at the surface of LMROs, the bulk O 2 2 -will outward diffuse and inject oxygen vacancies into the interior of the particle, consequently leading to continuous oxygen release and oxygen void formation. [60,61] Therefore, suppressing the surface oxygen change in that the whole particle becomes loose and the surface region becomes rough with jagged edges due to a side reaction with electrolyte. [ 20] It is worse that lots of nanovoids distribute throughout the particle whether on the surface or in bulk (Figure 4b,c), resulting from irreversible oxygen release and transition metal dissolution. Moreover, fast Fourier transform (FFT) confirms that considerable layered structure has been transformed to the Fd-3m spinel structure with [111] zone axis andspinel phase transition extends from the surface into the bulk in LMRO particle, which is responsible for the fast capacity and voltage fading. In sharp contrast, the cycled LMRO@7CuPc electrode exhibits excellent structural integrity that the particle still maintains a tight structure and no nanovoids form due to the effective suppression of oxygen release (Figure 4d). The oxidized O2 2 -would become much more mobile and easier to escape from the surface of particles, resulting in oxygen loss and oxygen vacancies. Once the oxygen vacancies are generated during cycling at the surface of LMROs, the bulk O 2 2 -will outward diffuse and inject oxygen vacancies into the interior of the particle, consequently leading to continuous oxygen release and oxygen void formation. [60,61] Therefore, suppressing the surface oxygen 7 9 9 79 #/texts/71 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [266.69, 744.38, 64.3, 8.02] 2401645 (7 of 13) 2401645 (7 of 13) 2401645 (7 of 13) 2401645 (7 of 13) 7 10 10 80 #/texts/72 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p7:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [469.66, 745.82, 77.21, 6.3] ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH 8 5 1 81 #/texts/75 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p8:body_region:0 page_body left_crossing None None p8:page_body:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 339.45, 240.96, 337.21] Electron energy loss spectrometry (EELS) is conducted to evaluate the stability of oxygen lattice and valence states evolution of transition metal, and the line scanning spectra from surface to bulk is depicted in Figur… Electron energy loss spectrometry (EELS) is conducted to evaluate the stability of oxygen lattice and valence states evolution of transition metal, and the line scanning spectra from surface to bulk is depicted in Figur… Electron energy loss spectrometry (EELS) is conducted to evaluate the stability of oxygen lattice and valence states evolution of transition metal, and the line scanning spectra from surface to bulk is depicted in Figure 5 a-f. The pre-edge of O K-edge spectra in LMRO (Figure 5a), which is associated with the transition of electrons from the O 1s to unoccupied 2p states hybridized within transition metals 3d states, [ 65] show a gradual suppression of the from the 50-nm-deep bulk to the surface, and vanish on the outmost surface, indicates the deterioration of oxygen lattice due to oxygen gas evolution. The Mn L and Co L-edge spectra (Figure 5a,b) show a shift to lower energy on the surface even extending to 40-50 nm depth bulk, indicating the severe reduction of transition metal valence, blamed for the fast voltage decay. The ratio of Mn L 3 and L 2 reflects the Mn valence states according to the report by Schmid, [66] and it clearly shows Mn is reduced to Mn 3 + in a nearly 40 nm region (Figure 5c). On the contrary, the oxygen pre-edge of LMRO@7CuPc is maintained well except for a slight decrease on the 6-nm-deep surface region, and the shift to lower energy of Mn L and Co L-edge are limited on 6 nm depth as well (Figure 5d,e). The Mn 3 + only exists on the 6-nm surface region and Mn 4 + is preserved well in the inner bulk, indicating the substantial enhancement of oxygen lattice and suppression of transition metal reduction (Figure 5f). EELS mapping analysis in Figure 5g,h provides a visual distribution of Mnvalence states on the particle and further confirms that Mn 3 + pervades the whole particle in LMRO with a thickness of 40 nm, while the Mn 3 + reduction layer is remarkably limited to 6 nm in LMRO@7CuPc. Benefiting from the preservation of oxygen lattice framework and transition metal valence owning to CuPc redox strategy, LMRO@7CuPc exhibits superior structural stability and mitigated voltage decay. Electron energy loss spectrometry (EELS) is conducted to evaluate the stability of oxygen lattice and valence states evolution of transition metal, and the line scanning spectra from surface to bulk is depicted in Figure 5 a-f. The pre-edge of O K-edge spectra in LMRO (Figure 5a), which is associated with the transition of electrons from the O 1s to unoccupied 2p states hybridized within transition metals 3d states, [ 65] show a gradual suppression of the from the 50-nm-deep bulk to the surface, and vanish on the outmost surface, indicates the deterioration of oxygen lattice due to oxygen gas evolution. The Mn L and Co L-edge spectra (Figure 5a,b) show a shift to lower energy on the surface even extending to 40-50 nm depth bulk, indicating the severe reduction of transition metal valence, blamed for the fast voltage decay. The ratio of Mn L 3 and L 2 reflects the Mn valence states according to the report by Schmid, [66] and it clearly shows Mn is reduced to Mn 3 + in a nearly 40 nm region (Figure 5c). On the contrary, the oxygen pre-edge of LMRO@7CuPc is maintained well except for a slight decrease on the 6-nm-deep surface region, and the shift to lower energy of Mn L and Co L-edge are limited on 6 nm depth as well (Figure 5d,e). The Mn 3 + only exists on the 6-nm surface region and Mn 4 + is preserved well in the inner bulk, indicating the substantial enhancement of oxygen lattice and suppression of transition metal reduction (Figure 5f). EELS mapping analysis in Figure 5g,h provides a visual distribution of Mnvalence states on the particle and further confirms that Mn 3 + pervades the whole particle in LMRO with a thickness of 40 nm, while the Mn 3 + reduction layer is remarkably limited to 6 nm in LMRO@7CuPc. Benefiting from the preservation of oxygen lattice framework and transition metal valence owning to CuPc redox strategy, LMRO@7CuPc exhibits superior structural stability and mitigated voltage decay. 8 4 2 82 #/texts/74 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p8:body_region:0 page_body left_crossing None None p8:page_body:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 131.23, 240.95, 205.7] Further observation on the surface site C reveals that the CuPc coating layer remains yet and the surface region keeps a welllayered structure (Figure 4e). In the inner bulk (site D, Figure f), LMRO@7CuPc retains an int… Further observation on the surface site C reveals that the CuPc coating layer remains yet and the surface region keeps a welllayered structure (Figure 4e). In the inner bulk (site D, Figure f), LMRO@7CuPc retains an int… Further observation on the surface site C reveals that the CuPc coating layer remains yet and the surface region keeps a welllayered structure (Figure 4e). In the inner bulk (site D, Figure f), LMRO@7CuPc retains an intact and ordered structure index to the C2/m space group. Based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis, the d spacings of 4.21 and 4.08 Å of the core lattice can be attributed to the (020) and (110) planes of the monoclinic C2/m phase (Figure 1g). [ 62-64] Surface spinel is only observed in a very small region as highlighted in the red dashed box in Figure 4h. The iDPC-STEM image of Figure 4i clearly shows that Li sites are partially occupied by TM ions to form a spinel-like structure, nonetheless. These results demonstrate that the CuPc strategy can significantly inhibit structural degradation and spinel phase transition, realizing superior structural stability. Similarly, Figure S13 (Supporting Information) shows the morphology of LMRO@7CuPc particle surfaces before cycles and after 500 cycles. It is obvious that LMRO@7CuPc maintains smooth particle surfaces as original, which is consistent with HAADF-STEM results. Further observation on the surface site C reveals that the CuPc coating layer remains yet and the surface region keeps a welllayered structure (Figure 4e). In the inner bulk (site D, Figure f), LMRO@7CuPc retains an intact and ordered structure index to the C2/m space group. Based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis, the d spacings of 4.21 and 4.08 Å of the core lattice can be attributed to the (020) and (110) planes of the monoclinic C2/m phase (Figure 1g). [ 62-64] Surface spinel is only observed in a very small region as highlighted in the red dashed box in Figure 4h. The iDPC-STEM image of Figure 4i clearly shows that Li sites are partially occupied by TM ions to form a spinel-like structure, nonetheless. These results demonstrate that the CuPc strategy can significantly inhibit structural degradation and spinel phase transition, realizing superior structural stability. Similarly, Figure S13 (Supporting Information) shows the morphology of LMRO@7CuPc particle surfaces before cycles and after 500 cycles. It is obvious that LMRO@7CuPc maintains smooth particle surfaces as original, which is consistent with HAADF-STEM results. 8 2 3 83 #/texts/69#prov3 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p8:body_region:0 page_body left_crossing None None p8:page_body:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 75.38, 240.97, 53.33] release or eliminating the surface O 2 2 -will shut down the global oxygen migration and contribute to excellent cycling performance.According to the root origin of oxygen release, CuPc redox couple has been proven to b… release or eliminating the surface O 2 2 -will shut down the global oxygen migration and contribute to excellent cycling performance.According to the root origin of oxygen release, CuPc redox couple has been proven to b… release or eliminating the surface O 2 2 -will shut down the global oxygen migration and contribute to excellent cycling performance.According to the root origin of oxygen release, CuPc redox couple has been proven to be a facile and efficacious approach to inhibit oxygen release. release or eliminating the surface O 2 2 -will shut down the global oxygen migration and contribute to excellent cycling performance.According to the root origin of oxygen release, CuPc redox couple has been proven to be a facile and efficacious approach to inhibit oxygen release. 8 1 4 84 #/texts/69#prov2 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header True p8:body_region:0 top_margin left None None p8:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 50.12, 120.78, 8.02] www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advancedsciencenews.com 8 9 5 85 #/texts/78 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p8:body_region:0 bottom_margin left None None p8:bottom_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 745.71, 70.17, 6.3] Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 8 6 6 86 #/texts/76#prov0 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p8:body_region:0 bottom_margin left_crossing None None p8:bottom_margin:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 679.17, 240.95, 41.32] Another important effect of CuPc modification is that LMRO@7CuPc forms a more stable, uniform, and robust cathode-electrolyte interface shielding the cathode against electrolyte side reactions and suppressing the transi… Another important effect of CuPc modification is that LMRO@7CuPc forms a more stable, uniform, and robust cathode-electrolyte interface shielding the cathode against electrolyte side reactions and suppressing the transi… Another important effect of CuPc modification is that LMRO@7CuPc forms a more stable, uniform, and robust cathode-electrolyte interface shielding the cathode against electrolyte side reactions and suppressing the transition metal dis- Another important effect of CuPc modification is that LMRO@7CuPc forms a more stable, uniform, and robust cathode-electrolyte interface shielding the cathode against electrolyte side reactions and suppressing the transition metal dis- 8 10 7 87 #/texts/79 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin left_crossing None None p8:bottom_margin:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [263.85, 744.38, 64.3, 8.02] 2401645 (8 of 13) 2401645 (8 of 13) 2401645 (8 of 13) 2401645 (8 of 13) 8 7 8 88 #/texts/76#prov1 text metadata False medium inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None bottom_margin right_crossing None None p8:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 76.43, 240.96, 644.06] solution. XPS is conducted to investigate surface compositions of the formed CEI layer for electrodes after 500 cycles as shown in Figure 6 a. The C 1s spectra of both electrodes have four peaks ascribed to C ─ C, C ─ O… solution. XPS is conducted to investigate surface compositions of the formed CEI layer for electrodes after 500 cycles as shown in Figure 6 a. The C 1s spectra of both electrodes have four peaks ascribed to C ─ C, C ─ O… solution. XPS is conducted to investigate surface compositions of the formed CEI layer for electrodes after 500 cycles as shown in Figure 6 a. The C 1s spectra of both electrodes have four peaks ascribed to C ─ C, C ─ O, C ═ O, and C ─ F species, [ 67] and C ─ O peaks show less intensity in the LMRO@7CuPc electrode. For O 1s spectra, the peaks located at 529.5, 531.5, 532.3, and 533.5 eV are ascribed to lattice oxygen (TM ─ O bond), oxygen vacancies, carbonate species (CO 3 2 -) and electrolyte oxidation species, respectively. [ 29,68] In both electrodes, the lattice oxygen peak nearly disappears indicating CEI grows and thickens during cycling, the oxidation of lattice oxygen into products such as CO3 2 -and electrolyte oxidation species due to corrosion of electrolyte, and finally the formation of oxygen vacancies. It is noted that the atomic ratio of CO 3 2 -and electrolyte oxidation species in the LMRO@7CuPc electrode are 32.75% and 16.89%, respectively, which is much less than that of the LMRO electrode (44.37% and 30.16%), indicating the alleviation of side reaction. With respect to the P 2p spectra, the peaks around 133.8 and 134.7 eV are ascribed to Li x POyFz, and the peak at 136.3 eV is related to Li x PFy . [ 67] LMRO@7CuPc electrode shows a great distinction compared to LRMO which contains fewer Li x POyFz species with the absence of the peak at 134.7 eV, indicating the alleviated decomposition of LiPF 6 in the electrolyte. Besides, F 1s spectra manifest that LiF-rich CEI forms on the surface of the LMRO@7CuPc electrode. LiF-rich CEI suffers less strain during cycling thus keeping a stable structure to prevent the cathode particle from electrolyte side reaction and HFcorrosion. [69] Furthermore, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) data are collected to investigate CEI structures and secondary ion maps are illustrated in Figure 6b and Figure S15 (Supporting Information). LMRO@7CuPc electrode shows a much even distribution of LiF 2 -, which is predominantly from LiF, suggesting uniform LiF-rich CEI consistent with the results of XPS. The contents of organic species including C2HO -, C2 H3O -, CHO2 -, CHO2 -and C 2H3O2 -show less accumulation in the LMRO@7CuPc compared to the LMRO electrode, indicating the suppressed decomposition of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) benefitted from inhabitation of oxygen release which will attack electrolyte. [ 70] Besides, P-containing species in CEI have also been significantly changed. The PO 3 -, PF6 -, PO2 -, PO -and PF2 O 2 -originated from the decomposition of LiPF 6 are much less intense in LMRO@7CuPcthanthoseinLMRO.Moreover, the F-containing species including F- and TMF 3 -(NiF 3 -, CoF 3 -and MnF3 -) show a greatly reduce for the LMRO@7CuPc electrode. HF, generated from the decomposition of LiPF 6 , would corrode LMRO materials during the electrochemical process, causing electrode structure degradation. [ 26,71,72] The reduced contents of TMF 3 -in LMRO@7CuPc substantially prove that transition metal corrosion and dissolution are significantly suppressed. [ 73] To further evaluate the element dissolution in detail, EDS line scanning from surface to bulk is performed as shown in Figure 6c,d). The LMRO electrode shows an obvious element depletion layer of O, Ni, Co, and Mn with a thickness of ≈ 73 nm, resulting from irreversible oxygen release and transition metal dissolution. In contrast, the element depletion layer is much thinner in LMRO@7CuPc with only 26 nm, suggesting the better preservation of the element. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) is conducted to assess the transition solution. XPS is conducted to investigate surface compositions of the formed CEI layer for electrodes after 500 cycles as shown in Figure 6 a. The C 1s spectra of both electrodes have four peaks ascribed to C ─ C, C ─ O, C ═ O, and C ─ F species, [ 67] and C ─ O peaks show less intensity in the LMRO@7CuPc electrode. For O 1s spectra, the peaks located at 529.5, 531.5, 532.3, and 533.5 eV are ascribed to lattice oxygen (TM ─ O bond), oxygen vacancies, carbonate species (CO 3 2 -) and electrolyte oxidation species, respectively. [ 29,68] In both electrodes, the lattice oxygen peak nearly disappears indicating CEI grows and thickens during cycling, the oxidation of lattice oxygen into products such as CO3 2 -and electrolyte oxidation species due to corrosion of electrolyte, and finally the formation of oxygen vacancies. It is noted that the atomic ratio of CO 3 2 -and electrolyte oxidation species in the LMRO@7CuPc electrode are 32.75% and 16.89%, respectively, which is much less than that of the LMRO electrode (44.37% and 30.16%), indicating the alleviation of side reaction. With respect to the P 2p spectra, the peaks around 133.8 and 134.7 eV are ascribed to Li x POyFz, and the peak at 136.3 eV is related to Li x PFy . [ 67] LMRO@7CuPc electrode shows a great distinction compared to LRMO which contains fewer Li x POyFz species with the absence of the peak at 134.7 eV, indicating the alleviated decomposition of LiPF 6 in the electrolyte. Besides, F 1s spectra manifest that LiF-rich CEI forms on the surface of the LMRO@7CuPc electrode. LiF-rich CEI suffers less strain during cycling thus keeping a stable structure to prevent the cathode particle from electrolyte side reaction and HFcorrosion. [69] Furthermore, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) data are collected to investigate CEI structures and secondary ion maps are illustrated in Figure 6b and Figure S15 (Supporting Information). LMRO@7CuPc electrode shows a much even distribution of LiF 2 -, which is predominantly from LiF, suggesting uniform LiF-rich CEI consistent with the results of XPS. The contents of organic species including C2HO -, C2 H3O -, CHO2 -, CHO2 -and C 2H3O2 -show less accumulation in the LMRO@7CuPc compared to the LMRO electrode, indicating the suppressed decomposition of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) benefitted from inhabitation of oxygen release which will attack electrolyte. [ 70] Besides, P-containing species in CEI have also been significantly changed. The PO 3 -, PF6 -, PO2 -, PO -and PF2 O 2 -originated from the decomposition of LiPF 6 are much less intense in LMRO@7CuPcthanthoseinLMRO.Moreover, the F-containing species including F- and TMF 3 -(NiF 3 -, CoF 3 -and MnF3 -) show a greatly reduce for the LMRO@7CuPc electrode. HF, generated from the decomposition of LiPF 6 , would corrode LMRO materials during the electrochemical process, causing electrode structure degradation. [ 26,71,72] The reduced contents of TMF 3 -in LMRO@7CuPc substantially prove that transition metal corrosion and dissolution are significantly suppressed. [ 73] To further evaluate the element dissolution in detail, EDS line scanning from surface to bulk is performed as shown in Figure 6c,d). The LMRO electrode shows an obvious element depletion layer of O, Ni, Co, and Mn with a thickness of ≈ 73 nm, resulting from irreversible oxygen release and transition metal dissolution. In contrast, the element depletion layer is much thinner in LMRO@7CuPc with only 26 nm, suggesting the better preservation of the element. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) is conducted to assess the transition 8 8 9 89 #/texts/77 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header False None top_margin right None None p8:top_margin:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [456.8, 50.12, 87.21, 8.02] www.small-journal.com www.small-journal.com 8 11 10 90 #/texts/80 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin right None None p8:bottom_margin:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [466.82, 745.82, 77.21, 6.3] ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH 8 3 11 91 #/texts/73 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin right None None p8:top_margin:right:off_white [247, 247, 247] off_white False False [578.97, 15.65, 4.54, 751.19] 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ter… 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 9 1 1 92 #/texts/81 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin left None None p9:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 50.12, 120.78, 8.02] www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advancedsciencenews.com 9 3 2 93 #/texts/83 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body full None None p9:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 671.35, 496.07, 35.6] Figure 5. a-c) EELS line scanning from the surface into the bulk of the LMRO electrode after 500 cycles. d-f) EELS line scanning from the surface into the bulk of LMRO@7CuPc electrode after 500 cycles. The corresponding… Figure 5. a-c) EELS line scanning from the surface into the bulk of the LMRO electrode after 500 cycles. d-f) EELS line scanning from the surface into the bulk of LMRO@7CuPc electrode after 500 cycles. The corresponding… Figure 5. a-c) EELS line scanning from the surface into the bulk of the LMRO electrode after 500 cycles. d-f) EELS line scanning from the surface into the bulk of LMRO@7CuPc electrode after 500 cycles. The corresponding EELS scanning pathway is shown in Figure S14 (Supporting Information). g) EELS mapping for Mn 4 + and Mn 3 + of LMRO electrode after 500 cycles. h) EELS mapping for Mn 4 + and Mn 3 + of LMRO@7CuPc electrode after 500 cycles. Figure 5. a-c) EELS line scanning from the surface into the bulk of the LMRO electrode after 500 cycles. d-f) EELS line scanning from the surface into the bulk of LMRO@7CuPc electrode after 500 cycles. The corresponding EELS scanning pathway is shown in Figure S14 (Supporting Information). g) EELS mapping for Mn 4 + and Mn 3 + of LMRO electrode after 500 cycles. h) EELS mapping for Mn 4 + and Mn 3 + of LMRO@7CuPc electrode after 500 cycles. 9 5 3 94 #/texts/85 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin left None None p9:bottom_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 745.71, 70.17, 6.3] Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 9 6 4 95 #/texts/86 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin right_crossing None None p9:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [266.69, 744.38, 64.3, 8.02] 2401645 (9 of 13) 2401645 (9 of 13) 2401645 (9 of 13) 2401645 (9 of 13) 9 4 5 96 #/texts/84 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header False None top_margin right None None p9:top_margin:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [459.64, 50.12, 87.21, 8.02] www.small-journal.com www.small-journal.com 9 7 6 97 #/texts/87 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin right None None p9:bottom_margin:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [469.66, 745.82, 77.21, 6.3] ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH 9 2 7 98 #/texts/82 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin right None None p9:top_margin:right:off_white [247, 247, 247] off_white False False [578.97, 15.65, 4.54, 751.19] 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ter… 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 10 3 1 99 #/texts/88 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p10:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 50.12, 120.78, 8.02] www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advancedsciencenews.com 10 4 2 100 #/texts/89 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p10:top_margin:column_2_of_2:off_white [247, 247, 247] off_white False False [578.97, 15.65, 4.54, 751.19] 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ter… 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 10 6 3 101 #/texts/91 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p10:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [456.8, 50.12, 87.21, 8.02] www.small-journal.com www.small-journal.com 10 5 4 102 #/texts/90 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p10:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 578.25, 496.07, 45.07] Figure 6. a) C 1s, O 1s, P 2p, and F 1s high-resolution XPS spectra of LMRO (top) and LMRO@7CuPc (bottom) after 500 cycles. b) TOF-SIMS investigations CEI structure after 500 cycles. The mapping for LiF -, C2 HO -, C2 H… Figure 6. a) C 1s, O 1s, P 2p, and F 1s high-resolution XPS spectra of LMRO (top) and LMRO@7CuPc (bottom) after 500 cycles. b) TOF-SIMS investigations CEI structure after 500 cycles. The mapping for LiF -, C2 HO -, C2 H… Figure 6. a) C 1s, O 1s, P 2p, and F 1s high-resolution XPS spectra of LMRO (top) and LMRO@7CuPc (bottom) after 500 cycles. b) TOF-SIMS investigations CEI structure after 500 cycles. The mapping for LiF -, C2 HO -, C2 H 3O -, PO3 -, PF 6 -and MnF 3 -secondary ions for LMRO electrode (top) and LMRO@7CuPc electrode (bottom). The secondary ion maps were acquired in a 200 µ m × 200 µ m region. STEM-EDS line scanning for c) LMRO electrode and d) LMRO@7CuPc electrode after 500 cycles. e) The dissolubilities of TM elements from the LMRO and LMRO@7CuPc electrodes after 500 cycles. Figure 6. a) C 1s, O 1s, P 2p, and F 1s high-resolution XPS spectra of LMRO (top) and LMRO@7CuPc (bottom) after 500 cycles. b) TOF-SIMS investigations CEI structure after 500 cycles. The mapping for LiF -, C2 HO -, C2 H 3O -, PO3 -, PF 6 -and MnF 3 -secondary ions for LMRO electrode (top) and LMRO@7CuPc electrode (bottom). The secondary ion maps were acquired in a 200 µ m × 200 µ m region. STEM-EDS line scanning for c) LMRO electrode and d) LMRO@7CuPc electrode after 500 cycles. e) The dissolubilities of TM elements from the LMRO and LMRO@7CuPc electrodes after 500 cycles. 10 1 5 103 #/texts/76#prov2 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p10:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 646.19, 240.97, 74.2] metal dissolution quantificationally. The dissolution ratios of Ni, Co, and Mn for LMRO electrode are as high as 1.177, 0.831, and 1.937 wt%, respectively, while the corresponding dissolution ratios of TM elements for L… metal dissolution quantificationally. The dissolution ratios of Ni, Co, and Mn for LMRO electrode are as high as 1.177, 0.831, and 1.937 wt%, respectively, while the corresponding dissolution ratios of TM elements for L… metal dissolution quantificationally. The dissolution ratios of Ni, Co, and Mn for LMRO electrode are as high as 1.177, 0.831, and 1.937 wt%, respectively, while the corresponding dissolution ratios of TM elements for LMRO@7CuPcelectrode are only 0.079, 0.038, and 0.275 wt%, respectively. It is worth noting that the inhibition effect on the dissolution of Ni and Co elements is more significant, which is conducive to the retention metal dissolution quantificationally. The dissolution ratios of Ni, Co, and Mn for LMRO electrode are as high as 1.177, 0.831, and 1.937 wt%, respectively, while the corresponding dissolution ratios of TM elements for LMRO@7CuPcelectrode are only 0.079, 0.038, and 0.275 wt%, respectively. It is worth noting that the inhibition effect on the dissolution of Ni and Co elements is more significant, which is conducive to the retention 10 7 6 104 #/texts/92 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p10:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 745.71, 70.17, 6.3] Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 10 2 7 105 #/texts/76#prov3 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p10:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 646.19, 240.95, 74.2] of cationic redox reaction thus maintaining electrode capacity. The above results demonstrate that the CuPc strategy can effectively restrain the decomposition of electrolytes and induce the formation of a more uniform … of cationic redox reaction thus maintaining electrode capacity. The above results demonstrate that the CuPc strategy can effectively restrain the decomposition of electrolytes and induce the formation of a more uniform … of cationic redox reaction thus maintaining electrode capacity. The above results demonstrate that the CuPc strategy can effectively restrain the decomposition of electrolytes and induce the formation of a more uniform and robust LiF-rich CEI, thus improving the surface chemistry stability and suppressing transition metal dissolution, hence realizing steady electrochemical performance. of cationic redox reaction thus maintaining electrode capacity. The above results demonstrate that the CuPc strategy can effectively restrain the decomposition of electrolytes and induce the formation of a more uniform and robust LiF-rich CEI, thus improving the surface chemistry stability and suppressing transition metal dissolution, hence realizing steady electrochemical performance. 10 8 8 106 #/texts/93 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p10:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [261.61, 744.38, 68.79, 8.02] 2401645 (10 of 13) 2401645 (10 of 13) 2401645 (10 of 13) 2401645 (10 of 13) 10 9 9 107 #/texts/94 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p10:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [466.82, 745.82, 77.21, 6.3] ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH 11 2 1 108 #/texts/96 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header True p11:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p11:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 50.12, 120.78, 8.02] www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advancedsciencenews.com 11 3 2 109 #/texts/97 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p11:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p11:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 76.58, 64.45, 10.25] 3. Conclusion 3. Conclusion 3. Conclusion 3. Conclusion 11 5 4 111 #/texts/99 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p11:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p11:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 410.45, 111.91, 10.25] 4. Experimental Section 4. Experimental Section 4. Experimental Section 4. Experimental Section 11 25 8 115 #/texts/118 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p11:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p11:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 745.71, 70.17, 6.3] Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 11 1 9 116 #/texts/95 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:top_margin:column_2_of_2:off_white [247, 247, 247] off_white False False [578.97, 15.65, 4.54, 751.19] 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ter… 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 11 10 10 117 #/texts/103 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header True p11:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [459.64, 50.12, 87.21, 8.02] www.small-journal.com www.small-journal.com 11 12 13 120 #/texts/105 section_header back_matter_heading False low back_matter_heading back_matter_heading stop_trigger True p11:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 412.38, 112.02, 10.25] Supporting Information Supporting Information Supporting Information Supporting Information 11 13 14 121 #/texts/106 text back_matter_heading False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p11:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 431.16, 240.96, 16.67] Supporting Information is available from the Wiley Online Library or from the author. Supporting Information is available from the Wiley Online Library or from the author. Supporting Information is available from the Wiley Online Library or from the author. Supporting Information is available from the Wiley Online Library or from the author. 11 14 15 122 #/texts/107 section_header back_matter_heading False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p11:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 463.33, 92.58, 10.25] Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Acknowledgements 11 15 16 123 #/texts/108 text back_matter_text False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p11:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 482.11, 240.97, 54.52] Z.J.W. and C.H.Y. contributed equally to this work. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB2502000), the National Natural Science… Z.J.W. and C.H.Y. contributed equally to this work. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB2502000), the National Natural Science… Z.J.W. and C.H.Y. contributed equally to this work. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB2502000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52201277), the key program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51831009), the National Outstanding Youth Foundation of China (52125104). Z.J.W. and C.H.Y. contributed equally to this work. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB2502000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52201277), the key program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51831009), the National Outstanding Youth Foundation of China (52125104). 11 16 17 124 #/texts/109 section_header back_matter_heading False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p11:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 552.14, 87.65, 10.25] Conflict of Interest Conflict of Interest Conflict of Interest Conflict of Interest 11 17 18 125 #/texts/110 text back_matter_text False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p11:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 570.91, 139.61, 7.2] The authors declare no conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 11 18 19 126 #/texts/111 section_header back_matter_heading False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p11:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 593.62, 128.2, 10.25] Data Availability Statement Data Availability Statement Data Availability Statement Data Availability Statement 11 19 20 127 #/texts/112 text metadata False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p11:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 612.4, 240.92, 16.66] The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. 11 20 21 128 #/texts/113 section_header front_matter_heading False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p11:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 644.57, 45.87, 10.25] Keywords Keywords Keywords Keywords 11 21 22 129 #/texts/114 text unknown_text False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p11:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 663.35, 240.92, 16.66] copper phthalocyanine, Cu-N synergism, cycling stability, Li- and Mn-rich layered oxide, redox couple copper phthalocyanine, Cu-N synergism, cycling stability, Li- and Mn-rich layered oxide, redox couple copper phthalocyanine, Cu-N synergism, cycling stability, Li- and Mn-rich layered oxide, redox couple copper phthalocyanine, Cu-N synergism, cycling stability, Li- and Mn-rich layered oxide, redox couple 11 22 23 130 #/texts/115 text metadata False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p11:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [466.44, 694.23, 80.44, 7.2] Received: March 2, 2024 Received: March 2, 2024 Received: March 2, 2024 Received: March 2, 2024 11 23 24 131 #/texts/116 text metadata False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p11:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [471.82, 703.7, 75.05, 7.2] Revised: April 27, 2024 Revised: April 27, 2024 Revised: April 27, 2024 Revised: April 27, 2024 11 24 25 132 #/texts/117 text metadata False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p11:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [443.73, 713.17, 103.15, 7.2] Published online: May 19, 2024 Published online: May 19, 2024 Published online: May 19, 2024 Published online: May 19, 2024 11 26 26 133 #/texts/119 page_footer page_footer False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [264.44, 744.38, 68.79, 8.02] 2401645 (11 of 13) 2401645 (11 of 13) 2401645 (11 of 13) 2401645 (11 of 13) 11 27 27 134 #/texts/120 page_footer page_footer False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p11:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p11:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [469.66, 745.82, 77.21, 6.3] ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH 12 2 1 135 #/texts/122 section_header metadata False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 50.12, 120.78, 8.02] www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advancedsciencenews.com 12 3 2 136 #/texts/123 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [51.96, 85.52, 236.96, 17.17] J. Xu, J. Zhang, T. P. Pollard, Q. Li, S. Tan, S. Hou, H. Wan, F. Chen, H. He, E. Hu, Nature 2023 , 614 , 694. J. Xu, J. Zhang, T. P. Pollard, Q. Li, S. Tan, S. Hou, H. Wan, F. Chen, H. He, E. Hu, Nature 2023 , 614 , 694. J. Xu, J. Zhang, T. P. Pollard, Q. Li, S. Tan, S. Hou, H. Wan, F. Chen, H. He, E. Hu, Nature 2023 , 614 , 694. J. Xu, J. Zhang, T. P. Pollard, Q. Li, S. Tan, S. Hou, H. Wan, F. Chen, H. He, E. Hu, Nature 2023 , 614 , 694. 12 4 3 137 #/texts/124 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [51.96, 105.44, 236.95, 17.17] J. Xu, X. Cai, S. Cai, Y . Shao, C. Hu, S. Lu, S. Ding, Energy & Environmental Materials 2023 , 6 , e12450. J. Xu, X. Cai, S. Cai, Y . Shao, C. Hu, S. Lu, S. Ding, Energy & Environmental Materials 2023 , 6 , e12450. J. Xu, X. Cai, S. Cai, Y . Shao, C. Hu, S. Lu, S. Ding, Energy & Environmental Materials 2023 , 6 , e12450. J. Xu, X. Cai, S. Cai, Y . Shao, C. Hu, S. Lu, S. Ding, Energy & Environmental Materials 2023 , 6 , e12450. 12 5 4 138 #/texts/125 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [51.96, 125.37, 234.83, 7.2] Z. Cui, A. Manthiram, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2023 , 62 , e202307243. Z. Cui, A. Manthiram, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2023 , 62 , e202307243. Z. Cui, A. Manthiram, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2023 , 62 , e202307243. Z. Cui, A. Manthiram, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2023 , 62 , e202307243. 12 6 5 139 #/texts/126 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [51.96, 135.33, 236.97, 17.17] G. Ji, J. Wang, Z. Liang, K. Jia, J. Ma, Z. Zhuang, G. Zhou, H.-M. Cheng, Nat. Commun. 2023 , 14 , 584. G. Ji, J. Wang, Z. Liang, K. Jia, J. Ma, Z. Zhuang, G. Zhou, H.-M. Cheng, Nat. Commun. 2023 , 14 , 584. G. Ji, J. Wang, Z. Liang, K. Jia, J. Ma, Z. Zhuang, G. Zhou, H.-M. Cheng, Nat. Commun. 2023 , 14 , 584. G. Ji, J. Wang, Z. Liang, K. Jia, J. Ma, Z. Zhuang, G. Zhou, H.-M. Cheng, Nat. Commun. 2023 , 14 , 584. 12 7 6 140 #/texts/127 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [51.96, 155.26, 236.94, 17.17] R. Schmuch, R. Wagner, G. Horpel, T. Placke, M. Winter, Nat. Energy 2018 , 3 , 267. R. Schmuch, R. Wagner, G. Horpel, T. Placke, M. Winter, Nat. Energy 2018 , 3 , 267. R. Schmuch, R. Wagner, G. Horpel, T. Placke, M. Winter, Nat. Energy 2018 , 3 , 267. R. Schmuch, R. Wagner, G. Horpel, T. Placke, M. Winter, Nat. Energy 2018 , 3 , 267. 12 8 7 141 #/texts/128 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [51.96, 175.18, 236.95, 17.17] Y. X. Yao, X. Chen, N. Yao, J. H. Gao, G. Xu, J. F. Ding, C. L. Song, W. L. Cai, C. Yan, Q. Zhang, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2023 , 62 , e202214828. Y. X. Yao, X. Chen, N. Yao, J. H. Gao, G. Xu, J. F. Ding, C. L. Song, W. L. Cai, C. Yan, Q. Zhang, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2023 , 62 , e202214828. Y. X. Yao, X. Chen, N. Yao, J. H. Gao, G. Xu, J. F. Ding, C. L. Song, W. L. Cai, C. Yan, Q. Zhang, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2023 , 62 , e202214828. Y. X. Yao, X. Chen, N. Yao, J. H. Gao, G. Xu, J. F. Ding, C. L. Song, W. L. Cai, C. Yan, Q. Zhang, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2023 , 62 , e202214828. 12 9 8 142 #/texts/129 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [51.96, 195.11, 236.96, 17.17] Y. Che, X. Hu, X. Lin, J. Guo, R. Teodorescu, Energy Environ. Sci. 2023 , 16 , 338. Y. Che, X. Hu, X. Lin, J. Guo, R. Teodorescu, Energy Environ. Sci. 2023 , 16 , 338. Y. Che, X. Hu, X. Lin, J. Guo, R. Teodorescu, Energy Environ. Sci. 2023 , 16 , 338. Y. Che, X. Hu, X. Lin, J. Guo, R. Teodorescu, Energy Environ. Sci. 2023 , 16 , 338. 12 10 9 143 #/texts/130 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [51.96, 215.03, 236.95, 17.16] J. Sun, X. Z. Xiao, Z. J. Zheng, X. L. Fan, C. C. Xu, L. X. Liu, S. Q. Li, L. X. Chen, Rare Metals. 2017 , 36 , 77. J. Sun, X. Z. Xiao, Z. J. Zheng, X. L. Fan, C. C. Xu, L. X. Liu, S. Q. Li, L. X. Chen, Rare Metals. 2017 , 36 , 77. J. Sun, X. Z. Xiao, Z. J. Zheng, X. L. Fan, C. C. Xu, L. X. Liu, S. Q. Li, L. X. Chen, Rare Metals. 2017 , 36 , 77. J. Sun, X. Z. Xiao, Z. J. Zheng, X. L. Fan, C. C. Xu, L. X. Liu, S. Q. Li, L. X. Chen, Rare Metals. 2017 , 36 , 77. 12 11 10 144 #/texts/131 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [51.96, 234.95, 236.96, 17.17] W. He, W. Guo, H. Wu, L. Lin, Q. Liu, X. Han, Q. Xie, P. Liu, H. Zheng, L. Wang, X. Yu, D.-L. Peng, Adv. Mater. 2021 , 33 , 2005937. W. He, W. Guo, H. Wu, L. Lin, Q. Liu, X. Han, Q. Xie, P. Liu, H. Zheng, L. Wang, X. Yu, D.-L. Peng, Adv. Mater. 2021 , 33 , 2005937. W. He, W. Guo, H. Wu, L. Lin, Q. Liu, X. Han, Q. Xie, P. Liu, H. Zheng, L. Wang, X. Yu, D.-L. Peng, Adv. Mater. 2021 , 33 , 2005937. W. He, W. Guo, H. Wu, L. Lin, Q. Liu, X. Han, Q. Xie, P. Liu, H. Zheng, L. Wang, X. Yu, D.-L. Peng, Adv. Mater. 2021 , 33 , 2005937. 12 12 11 145 #/texts/132 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.97, 254.87, 240.95, 17.17] W. H. Zuo, M. Z. Luo, X. S. Liu, J. Wu, H. D. Liu, J. Li, M. Winter, R. Q. Fu, W. L. Yang, Y. Yang, Energy Environ. Sci. 2020 , 13 , 4450. W. H. Zuo, M. Z. Luo, X. S. Liu, J. Wu, H. D. Liu, J. Li, M. Winter, R. Q. Fu, W. L. Yang, Y. Yang, Energy Environ. Sci. 2020 , 13 , 4450. W. H. Zuo, M. Z. Luo, X. S. Liu, J. Wu, H. D. Liu, J. Li, M. Winter, R. Q. Fu, W. L. Yang, Y. Yang, Energy Environ. Sci. 2020 , 13 , 4450. W. H. Zuo, M. Z. Luo, X. S. Liu, J. Wu, H. D. Liu, J. Li, M. Winter, R. Q. Fu, W. L. Yang, Y. Yang, Energy Environ. Sci. 2020 , 13 , 4450. 12 13 12 146 #/texts/133 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.97, 274.8, 240.96, 27.13] W. B. Du, Q. N. Shao, Y. Q. Wei, C. H. Yan, P. Y . Gao, Y . Lin, Y . Z. Jiang, Y. F. Liu, X. B. Yu, M. X. Gao, W. P. Sun, H. G. Pan, ACS Energy Lett. 2022 , 7 , 3006. W. B. Du, Q. N. Shao, Y. Q. Wei, C. H. Yan, P. Y . Gao, Y . Lin, Y . Z. Jiang, Y. F. Liu, X. B. Yu, M. X. Gao, W. P. Sun, H. G. Pan, ACS Energy Lett. 2022 , 7 , 3006. W. B. Du, Q. N. Shao, Y. Q. Wei, C. H. Yan, P. Y . Gao, Y . Lin, Y . Z. Jiang, Y. F. Liu, X. B. Yu, M. X. Gao, W. P. Sun, H. G. Pan, ACS Energy Lett. 2022 , 7 , 3006. W. B. Du, Q. N. Shao, Y. Q. Wei, C. H. Yan, P. Y . Gao, Y . Lin, Y . Z. Jiang, Y. F. Liu, X. B. Yu, M. X. Gao, W. P. Sun, H. G. Pan, ACS Energy Lett. 2022 , 7 , 3006. 12 14 13 147 #/texts/134 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.97, 304.69, 240.95, 17.17] S. Kang, D. Choi, H. Lee, B. Choi, Y. M. Kang, Adv. Mater. 2023 , 35 , 2211965. S. Kang, D. Choi, H. Lee, B. Choi, Y. M. Kang, Adv. Mater. 2023 , 35 , 2211965. S. Kang, D. Choi, H. Lee, B. Choi, Y. M. Kang, Adv. Mater. 2023 , 35 , 2211965. S. Kang, D. Choi, H. Lee, B. Choi, Y. M. Kang, Adv. Mater. 2023 , 35 , 2211965. 12 15 14 148 #/texts/135 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.97, 324.61, 240.94, 17.17] J. Song, F. Ning, Y . Zuo, A. Li, H. Wang, K. Zhang, T. Yang, Y . Yang, C. Gao, W. Xiao, Adv. Mater. 2023 , 35 , 2208726. J. Song, F. Ning, Y . Zuo, A. Li, H. Wang, K. Zhang, T. Yang, Y . Yang, C. Gao, W. Xiao, Adv. Mater. 2023 , 35 , 2208726. J. Song, F. Ning, Y . Zuo, A. Li, H. Wang, K. Zhang, T. Yang, Y . Yang, C. Gao, W. Xiao, Adv. Mater. 2023 , 35 , 2208726. J. Song, F. Ning, Y . Zuo, A. Li, H. Wang, K. Zhang, T. Yang, Y . Yang, C. Gao, W. Xiao, Adv. Mater. 2023 , 35 , 2208726. 12 16 15 149 #/texts/136 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.97, 344.54, 240.96, 17.17] B. Li, G. Rousse, L. Zhang, M. Avdeev, M. Deschamps, A. M. Abakumov, J.-M. Tarascon, Energy Environ. Sci. 2023 , 16 , 1210. B. Li, G. Rousse, L. Zhang, M. Avdeev, M. Deschamps, A. M. Abakumov, J.-M. Tarascon, Energy Environ. Sci. 2023 , 16 , 1210. B. Li, G. Rousse, L. Zhang, M. Avdeev, M. Deschamps, A. M. Abakumov, J.-M. Tarascon, Energy Environ. Sci. 2023 , 16 , 1210. B. Li, G. Rousse, L. Zhang, M. Avdeev, M. Deschamps, A. M. Abakumov, J.-M. Tarascon, Energy Environ. Sci. 2023 , 16 , 1210. 12 17 16 150 #/texts/137 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.97, 364.46, 240.94, 27.14] C. X. Zhang, B. Wei, M. Y. Wang, D. T. Zhang, T. Uchiyama, C. P. Liang, L. B. Chen, Y. Uchimoto, R. F. Zhang, P. Wang, W. F. Wei, Energy Storage Mater. 2022 , 46 , 512. C. X. Zhang, B. Wei, M. Y. Wang, D. T. Zhang, T. Uchiyama, C. P. Liang, L. B. Chen, Y. Uchimoto, R. F. Zhang, P. Wang, W. F. Wei, Energy Storage Mater. 2022 , 46 , 512. C. X. Zhang, B. Wei, M. Y. Wang, D. T. Zhang, T. Uchiyama, C. P. Liang, L. B. Chen, Y. Uchimoto, R. F. Zhang, P. Wang, W. F. Wei, Energy Storage Mater. 2022 , 46 , 512. C. X. Zhang, B. Wei, M. Y. Wang, D. T. Zhang, T. Uchiyama, C. P. Liang, L. B. Chen, Y. Uchimoto, R. F. Zhang, P. Wang, W. F. Wei, Energy Storage Mater. 2022 , 46 , 512. 12 18 17 151 #/texts/138 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 394.36, 240.95, 27.13] K. Luo, M. R. Roberts, R. Hao, N. Guerrini, D. M. Pickup, Y.-S. Liu, K. Edström, J. Guo, A. V. Chadwick, L. C. Duda, P. G. Bruce, Nat. Chem. 2016 , 8 , 684. K. Luo, M. R. Roberts, R. Hao, N. Guerrini, D. M. Pickup, Y.-S. Liu, K. Edström, J. Guo, A. V. Chadwick, L. C. Duda, P. G. Bruce, Nat. Chem. 2016 , 8 , 684. K. Luo, M. R. Roberts, R. Hao, N. Guerrini, D. M. Pickup, Y.-S. Liu, K. Edström, J. Guo, A. V. Chadwick, L. C. Duda, P. G. Bruce, Nat. Chem. 2016 , 8 , 684. K. Luo, M. R. Roberts, R. Hao, N. Guerrini, D. M. Pickup, Y.-S. Liu, K. Edström, J. Guo, A. V. Chadwick, L. C. Duda, P. G. Bruce, Nat. Chem. 2016 , 8 , 684. 12 19 18 152 #/texts/139 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 424.25, 240.93, 17.17] G. Assat, D. Foix, C. Delacourt, A. Iadecola, R. Dedryvère, J.-M. Tarascon, Nat. Commun. 2017 , 8 , 2219. G. Assat, D. Foix, C. Delacourt, A. Iadecola, R. Dedryvère, J.-M. Tarascon, Nat. Commun. 2017 , 8 , 2219. G. Assat, D. Foix, C. Delacourt, A. Iadecola, R. Dedryvère, J.-M. Tarascon, Nat. Commun. 2017 , 8 , 2219. G. Assat, D. Foix, C. Delacourt, A. Iadecola, R. Dedryvère, J.-M. Tarascon, Nat. Commun. 2017 , 8 , 2219. 12 20 19 153 #/texts/140 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 444.17, 181.01, 7.2] G. Assat, J. M. Tarascon, Nat. Energy 2018 , 3 , 373. G. Assat, J. M. Tarascon, Nat. Energy 2018 , 3 , 373. G. Assat, J. M. Tarascon, Nat. Energy 2018 , 3 , 373. G. Assat, J. M. Tarascon, Nat. Energy 2018 , 3 , 373. 12 21 20 154 #/texts/141 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 454.14, 240.94, 27.12] P. M. Csernica, S. S. Kalirai, W. E. Gent, K. Lim, Y . S. Yu, Y . Z. Liu, S. J. Ahn, E. Kaeli, X. Xu, K. H. Stone, A. F. Marshall, R. Sinclair, D. A. Shapiro, M. F. Toney, W. C. Chueh, Nature Energy. 2021 , 6 , 642. P. M. Csernica, S. S. Kalirai, W. E. Gent, K. Lim, Y . S. Yu, Y . Z. Liu, S. J. Ahn, E. Kaeli, X. Xu, K. H. Stone, A. F. Marshall, R. Sinclair, D. A. Shapiro, M. F. Toney, W. C. Chueh, Nature Energy. 2021 , 6 , 642. P. M. Csernica, S. S. Kalirai, W. E. Gent, K. Lim, Y . S. Yu, Y . Z. Liu, S. J. Ahn, E. Kaeli, X. Xu, K. H. Stone, A. F. Marshall, R. Sinclair, D. A. Shapiro, M. F. Toney, W. C. Chueh, Nature Energy. 2021 , 6 , 642. P. M. Csernica, S. S. Kalirai, W. E. Gent, K. Lim, Y . S. Yu, Y . Z. Liu, S. J. Ahn, E. Kaeli, X. Xu, K. H. Stone, A. F. Marshall, R. Sinclair, D. A. Shapiro, M. F. Toney, W. C. Chueh, Nature Energy. 2021 , 6 , 642. 12 22 21 155 #/texts/142 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 484.02, 240.96, 17.17] P. F. Yan, J. M. Zheng, Z. K. Tang, A. Devaraj, G. Y . Chen, K. Amine, J. G. Zhang, L. M. Liu, C. M. Wang, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2019 , 14 , 602. P. F. Yan, J. M. Zheng, Z. K. Tang, A. Devaraj, G. Y . Chen, K. Amine, J. G. Zhang, L. M. Liu, C. M. Wang, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2019 , 14 , 602. P. F. Yan, J. M. Zheng, Z. K. Tang, A. Devaraj, G. Y . Chen, K. Amine, J. G. Zhang, L. M. Liu, C. M. Wang, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2019 , 14 , 602. P. F. Yan, J. M. Zheng, Z. K. Tang, A. Devaraj, G. Y . Chen, K. Amine, J. G. Zhang, L. M. Liu, C. M. Wang, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2019 , 14 , 602. 12 23 22 156 #/texts/143 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 503.94, 240.94, 27.13] M. Gu, I. Belharouak, J. M. Zheng, H. M. Wu, J. Xiao, A. Genc, K. Amine, S. Thevuthasan, D. R. Baer, J. G. Zhang, N. D. Browning, J. Liu, C. M. Wang, ACS Nano 2013 , 7 , 760. M. Gu, I. Belharouak, J. M. Zheng, H. M. Wu, J. Xiao, A. Genc, K. Amine, S. Thevuthasan, D. R. Baer, J. G. Zhang, N. D. Browning, J. Liu, C. M. Wang, ACS Nano 2013 , 7 , 760. M. Gu, I. Belharouak, J. M. Zheng, H. M. Wu, J. Xiao, A. Genc, K. Amine, S. Thevuthasan, D. R. Baer, J. G. Zhang, N. D. Browning, J. Liu, C. M. Wang, ACS Nano 2013 , 7 , 760. M. Gu, I. Belharouak, J. M. Zheng, H. M. Wu, J. Xiao, A. Genc, K. Amine, S. Thevuthasan, D. R. Baer, J. G. Zhang, N. D. Browning, J. Liu, C. M. Wang, ACS Nano 2013 , 7 , 760. 12 24 23 157 #/texts/144 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 533.83, 240.98, 17.17] S. Sharifi-Asl, V. Yurkiv, A. Gutierrez, M. Cheng, M. Balasubramanian, F. Mashayek, J. Croy, R. Shahbazian-Yassar, NanoLett. 2020 , 20 , 1208. S. Sharifi-Asl, V. Yurkiv, A. Gutierrez, M. Cheng, M. Balasubramanian, F. Mashayek, J. Croy, R. Shahbazian-Yassar, NanoLett. 2020 , 20 , 1208. S. Sharifi-Asl, V. Yurkiv, A. Gutierrez, M. Cheng, M. Balasubramanian, F. Mashayek, J. Croy, R. Shahbazian-Yassar, NanoLett. 2020 , 20 , 1208. S. Sharifi-Asl, V. Yurkiv, A. Gutierrez, M. Cheng, M. Balasubramanian, F. Mashayek, J. Croy, R. Shahbazian-Yassar, NanoLett. 2020 , 20 , 1208. 12 25 24 158 #/texts/145 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 553.75, 240.95, 27.13] E. Y . Hu, X. Q. Yu, R. Q. Lin, X. X. Bi, J. Lu, S. M. Bak, K. W. Nam, H. L. L. Xin, C. Jaye, D. A. Fischer, K. Amine, X. Q. Yang, Nat. Energy 2018 , 3 , 690. E. Y . Hu, X. Q. Yu, R. Q. Lin, X. X. Bi, J. Lu, S. M. Bak, K. W. Nam, H. L. L. Xin, C. Jaye, D. A. Fischer, K. Amine, X. Q. Yang, Nat. Energy 2018 , 3 , 690. E. Y . Hu, X. Q. Yu, R. Q. Lin, X. X. Bi, J. Lu, S. M. Bak, K. W. Nam, H. L. L. Xin, C. Jaye, D. A. Fischer, K. Amine, X. Q. Yang, Nat. Energy 2018 , 3 , 690. E. Y . Hu, X. Q. Yu, R. Q. Lin, X. X. Bi, J. Lu, S. M. Bak, K. W. Nam, H. L. L. Xin, C. Jaye, D. A. Fischer, K. Amine, X. Q. Yang, Nat. Energy 2018 , 3 , 690. 12 26 25 159 #/texts/146 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 583.64, 240.94, 17.17] Z. W. Zhang, J. L. Yang, W. Huang, H. S. Wang, W. J. Zhou, Y. B. Li, Y. Z. Li, J. W. Xu, W. X. Huang, W. Chiu, Y. Cui, Matter. 2021 , 4 , 302. Z. W. Zhang, J. L. Yang, W. Huang, H. S. Wang, W. J. Zhou, Y. B. Li, Y. Z. Li, J. W. Xu, W. X. Huang, W. Chiu, Y. Cui, Matter. 2021 , 4 , 302. Z. W. Zhang, J. L. Yang, W. Huang, H. S. Wang, W. J. Zhou, Y. B. Li, Y. Z. Li, J. W. Xu, W. X. Huang, W. Chiu, Y. Cui, Matter. 2021 , 4 , 302. Z. W. Zhang, J. L. Yang, W. Huang, H. S. Wang, W. J. Zhou, Y. B. Li, Y. Z. Li, J. W. Xu, W. X. Huang, W. Chiu, Y. Cui, Matter. 2021 , 4 , 302. 12 27 26 160 #/texts/147 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 603.57, 240.95, 27.13] Y. X. Li, W. K. Li, R. Shimizu, D. Y . Cheng, H. N. Nguyen, J. Paulsen, S. Kumakura, M. H. Zhang, Y. S. Meng, Adv. Energy Mater. 2022 , 12 , 2103033. Y. X. Li, W. K. Li, R. Shimizu, D. Y . Cheng, H. N. Nguyen, J. Paulsen, S. Kumakura, M. H. Zhang, Y. S. Meng, Adv. Energy Mater. 2022 , 12 , 2103033. Y. X. Li, W. K. Li, R. Shimizu, D. Y . Cheng, H. N. Nguyen, J. Paulsen, S. Kumakura, M. H. Zhang, Y. S. Meng, Adv. Energy Mater. 2022 , 12 , 2103033. Y. X. Li, W. K. Li, R. Shimizu, D. Y . Cheng, H. N. Nguyen, J. Paulsen, S. Kumakura, M. H. Zhang, Y. S. Meng, Adv. Energy Mater. 2022 , 12 , 2103033. 12 28 27 161 #/texts/148 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 633.45, 240.93, 17.17] J. T . Zhao, X. Zhang, Y . Liang, Z. J. Han, S. Q. Liu, W. Q. Chu, H. J. Yu, ACS Energy Lett. 2021 , 6 , 2552. J. T . Zhao, X. Zhang, Y . Liang, Z. J. Han, S. Q. Liu, W. Q. Chu, H. J. Yu, ACS Energy Lett. 2021 , 6 , 2552. J. T . Zhao, X. Zhang, Y . Liang, Z. J. Han, S. Q. Liu, W. Q. Chu, H. J. Yu, ACS Energy Lett. 2021 , 6 , 2552. J. T . Zhao, X. Zhang, Y . Liang, Z. J. Han, S. Q. Liu, W. Q. Chu, H. J. Yu, ACS Energy Lett. 2021 , 6 , 2552. 12 29 28 162 #/texts/149 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 653.38, 240.95, 17.17] M. Z. Liu, J. Vatamanu, X. L. Chen, L. D. Xing, K. Xu, W. S. Li, ACS Energy Lett. 2021 , 6 , 2096. M. Z. Liu, J. Vatamanu, X. L. Chen, L. D. Xing, K. Xu, W. S. Li, ACS Energy Lett. 2021 , 6 , 2096. M. Z. Liu, J. Vatamanu, X. L. Chen, L. D. Xing, K. Xu, W. S. Li, ACS Energy Lett. 2021 , 6 , 2096. M. Z. Liu, J. Vatamanu, X. L. Chen, L. D. Xing, K. Xu, W. S. Li, ACS Energy Lett. 2021 , 6 , 2096. 12 30 29 163 #/texts/150 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 673.31, 240.95, 17.17] S. Y. Kim, C. S. Park, S. Hosseini, J. Lampert, Y. J. Kim, L. F. Nazar, Adv. Energy Mater. 2021 , 11 , 2100552. S. Y. Kim, C. S. Park, S. Hosseini, J. Lampert, Y. J. Kim, L. F. Nazar, Adv. Energy Mater. 2021 , 11 , 2100552. S. Y. Kim, C. S. Park, S. Hosseini, J. Lampert, Y. J. Kim, L. F. Nazar, Adv. Energy Mater. 2021 , 11 , 2100552. S. Y. Kim, C. S. Park, S. Hosseini, J. Lampert, Y. J. Kim, L. F. Nazar, Adv. Energy Mater. 2021 , 11 , 2100552. 12 31 30 164 #/texts/151 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 693.23, 240.95, 27.13] C. H. Yan, Q. N. Shao, Z. H. Yao, M. X. Gao, C. Y. Zhang, G. R. Chen, Q. W. Sun, W. P. Sun, Y. F. Liu, M. X. Gao, H. G. Pan, Small 2022 , 18 , 2107910. C. H. Yan, Q. N. Shao, Z. H. Yao, M. X. Gao, C. Y. Zhang, G. R. Chen, Q. W. Sun, W. P. Sun, Y. F. Liu, M. X. Gao, H. G. Pan, Small 2022 , 18 , 2107910. C. H. Yan, Q. N. Shao, Z. H. Yao, M. X. Gao, C. Y. Zhang, G. R. Chen, Q. W. Sun, W. P. Sun, Y. F. Liu, M. X. Gao, H. G. Pan, Small 2022 , 18 , 2107910. C. H. Yan, Q. N. Shao, Z. H. Yao, M. X. Gao, C. Y. Zhang, G. R. Chen, Q. W. Sun, W. P. Sun, Y. F. Liu, M. X. Gao, H. G. Pan, Small 2022 , 18 , 2107910. 12 60 31 165 #/texts/180 page_footer page_footer False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p12:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [47.98, 745.71, 70.17, 6.3] Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 12 1 32 166 #/texts/121 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:top_margin:column_2_of_2:off_white [247, 247, 247] off_white False False [578.97, 15.65, 4.54, 751.19] 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ter… 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 12 32 33 167 #/texts/152 text page_margin_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [456.8, 50.12, 87.21, 8.02] www.small-journal.com www.small-journal.com 12 33 34 168 #/texts/153 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 77.33, 240.96, 27.14] J. Chen, G. Q. Zou, W. T. Deng, Z. D. Huang, X. Gao, C. Liu, S. Y. Yin, H. Q. Liu, X. L. Deng, Y. Tian, J. Y . Li, C. W. Wang, D. Wang, H. W. Wu, L. Yang, H. S. Hou, X. B. Ji, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020 , 30 , 2004302. J. Chen, G. Q. Zou, W. T. Deng, Z. D. Huang, X. Gao, C. Liu, S. Y. Yin, H. Q. Liu, X. L. Deng, Y. Tian, J. Y . Li, C. W. Wang, D. Wang, H. W. Wu, L. Yang, H. S. Hou, X. B. Ji, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020 , 30 , 2004302. J. Chen, G. Q. Zou, W. T. Deng, Z. D. Huang, X. Gao, C. Liu, S. Y. Yin, H. Q. Liu, X. L. Deng, Y. Tian, J. Y . Li, C. W. Wang, D. Wang, H. W. Wu, L. Yang, H. S. Hou, X. B. Ji, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020 , 30 , 2004302. J. Chen, G. Q. Zou, W. T. Deng, Z. D. Huang, X. Gao, C. Liu, S. Y. Yin, H. Q. Liu, X. L. Deng, Y. Tian, J. Y . Li, C. W. Wang, D. Wang, H. W. Wu, L. Yang, H. S. Hou, X. B. Ji, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020 , 30 , 2004302. 12 34 35 169 #/texts/154 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 107.23, 240.95, 27.13] J. X. Meng, L. S. Xu, Q. X. Ma, M. Q. Yang, Y. Z. Fang, G. Y. Wan, R. H. Li, J. J. Yuan, X. K. Zhang, H. J. Yu, L. L. Liu, T. F. Liu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022 , 32 , 2113013. J. X. Meng, L. S. Xu, Q. X. Ma, M. Q. Yang, Y. Z. Fang, G. Y. Wan, R. H. Li, J. J. Yuan, X. K. Zhang, H. J. Yu, L. L. Liu, T. F. Liu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022 , 32 , 2113013. J. X. Meng, L. S. Xu, Q. X. Ma, M. Q. Yang, Y. Z. Fang, G. Y. Wan, R. H. Li, J. J. Yuan, X. K. Zhang, H. J. Yu, L. L. Liu, T. F. Liu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022 , 32 , 2113013. J. X. Meng, L. S. Xu, Q. X. Ma, M. Q. Yang, Y. Z. Fang, G. Y. Wan, R. H. Li, J. J. Yuan, X. K. Zhang, H. J. Yu, L. L. Liu, T. F. Liu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022 , 32 , 2113013. 12 35 36 170 #/texts/155 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 137.12, 240.96, 17.17] J. M. Sun, C. C. Sheng, X. Cao, P. F. Wang, P. He, H. J. Yang, Z. Chang, X. Y. Yue, H. S. Zhou, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022 , 32 , 2110295. J. M. Sun, C. C. Sheng, X. Cao, P. F. Wang, P. He, H. J. Yang, Z. Chang, X. Y. Yue, H. S. Zhou, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022 , 32 , 2110295. J. M. Sun, C. C. Sheng, X. Cao, P. F. Wang, P. He, H. J. Yang, Z. Chang, X. Y. Yue, H. S. Zhou, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022 , 32 , 2110295. J. M. Sun, C. C. Sheng, X. Cao, P. F. Wang, P. He, H. J. Yang, Z. Chang, X. Y. Yue, H. S. Zhou, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022 , 32 , 2110295. 12 36 37 171 #/texts/156 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 157.05, 240.96, 27.13] Z. Zhu, D. W. Yu, Y. Yang, C. Su, Y. M. Huang, Y. H. Dong, I. Waluyo, B. M. Wang, A. Hunt, X. H. Yao, J. Lee, W. J. Xue, J. Li, Nat. Energy 2019 , 4 , 1049. Z. Zhu, D. W. Yu, Y. Yang, C. Su, Y. M. Huang, Y. H. Dong, I. Waluyo, B. M. Wang, A. Hunt, X. H. Yao, J. Lee, W. J. Xue, J. Li, Nat. Energy 2019 , 4 , 1049. Z. Zhu, D. W. Yu, Y. Yang, C. Su, Y. M. Huang, Y. H. Dong, I. Waluyo, B. M. Wang, A. Hunt, X. H. Yao, J. Lee, W. J. Xue, J. Li, Nat. Energy 2019 , 4 , 1049. Z. Zhu, D. W. Yu, Y. Yang, C. Su, Y. M. Huang, Y. H. Dong, I. Waluyo, B. M. Wang, A. Hunt, X. H. Yao, J. Lee, W. J. Xue, J. Li, Nat. Energy 2019 , 4 , 1049. 12 37 38 172 #/texts/157 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 186.94, 240.94, 27.13] S. M. Zhang, H. T. Gu, H. G. Pan, S. H. Yang, W. B. Du, X. Li, M. X. Gao, Y. F. Liu, M. Zhu, L. Z. Ouyang, D. C. Jian, F. Pan, Adv. Energy Mater. 2017 , 7 , 1601066. S. M. Zhang, H. T. Gu, H. G. Pan, S. H. Yang, W. B. Du, X. Li, M. X. Gao, Y. F. Liu, M. Zhu, L. Z. Ouyang, D. C. Jian, F. Pan, Adv. Energy Mater. 2017 , 7 , 1601066. S. M. Zhang, H. T. Gu, H. G. Pan, S. H. Yang, W. B. Du, X. Li, M. X. Gao, Y. F. Liu, M. Zhu, L. Z. Ouyang, D. C. Jian, F. Pan, Adv. Energy Mater. 2017 , 7 , 1601066. S. M. Zhang, H. T. Gu, H. G. Pan, S. H. Yang, W. B. Du, X. Li, M. X. Gao, Y. F. Liu, M. Zhu, L. Z. Ouyang, D. C. Jian, F. Pan, Adv. Energy Mater. 2017 , 7 , 1601066. 12 38 39 173 #/texts/158 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 216.82, 240.93, 17.17] G. H. Zhang, B. Qiu, Y. G. Xia, X. L. Wang, Q. W. Gu, Y. B. Jiang, Z. L. He, Z. P. Liu, J. Power Sources 2019 , 420 , 29. G. H. Zhang, B. Qiu, Y. G. Xia, X. L. Wang, Q. W. Gu, Y. B. Jiang, Z. L. He, Z. P. Liu, J. Power Sources 2019 , 420 , 29. G. H. Zhang, B. Qiu, Y. G. Xia, X. L. Wang, Q. W. Gu, Y. B. Jiang, Z. L. He, Z. P. Liu, J. Power Sources 2019 , 420 , 29. G. H. Zhang, B. Qiu, Y. G. Xia, X. L. Wang, Q. W. Gu, Y. B. Jiang, Z. L. He, Z. P. Liu, J. Power Sources 2019 , 420 , 29. 12 39 40 174 #/texts/159 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 236.75, 240.96, 27.13] J. T. Zhao, Y . Liang, X. Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, E. R. Wang, S. M. He, B. Y. Wang, Z. J. Han, J. Lu, K. Amine, H. J. Yu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021 , 31 , 2009192. J. T. Zhao, Y . Liang, X. Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, E. R. Wang, S. M. He, B. Y. Wang, Z. J. Han, J. Lu, K. Amine, H. J. Yu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021 , 31 , 2009192. J. T. Zhao, Y . Liang, X. Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, E. R. Wang, S. M. He, B. Y. Wang, Z. J. Han, J. Lu, K. Amine, H. J. Yu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021 , 31 , 2009192. J. T. Zhao, Y . Liang, X. Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, E. R. Wang, S. M. He, B. Y. Wang, Z. J. Han, J. Lu, K. Amine, H. J. Yu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021 , 31 , 2009192. 12 40 41 175 #/texts/160 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 266.64, 240.96, 37.08] Q. N. Shao, P. Y. Gao, C. H. Yan, M. X. Gao, W. B. Du, J. Chen, Y. X. Yang, J. T. Gan, Z. J. Wu, C. Y . Zhang, G. R. Chen, X. S. Zheng, Y . Lin, Y. Z. Jiang, W. P. Sun, Y . F. Liu, M. X. Gao, H. G. Pan, Adv. Mater. 2022… Q. N. Shao, P. Y. Gao, C. H. Yan, M. X. Gao, W. B. Du, J. Chen, Y. X. Yang, J. T. Gan, Z. J. Wu, C. Y . Zhang, G. R. Chen, X. S. Zheng, Y . Lin, Y. Z. Jiang, W. P. Sun, Y . F. Liu, M. X. Gao, H. G. Pan, Adv. Mater. 2022… Q. N. Shao, P. Y. Gao, C. H. Yan, M. X. Gao, W. B. Du, J. Chen, Y. X. Yang, J. T. Gan, Z. J. Wu, C. Y . Zhang, G. R. Chen, X. S. Zheng, Y . Lin, Y. Z. Jiang, W. P. Sun, Y . F. Liu, M. X. Gao, H. G. Pan, Adv. Mater. 2022 , 34 , 2108543. Q. N. Shao, P. Y. Gao, C. H. Yan, M. X. Gao, W. B. Du, J. Chen, Y. X. Yang, J. T. Gan, Z. J. Wu, C. Y . Zhang, G. R. Chen, X. S. Zheng, Y . Lin, Y. Z. Jiang, W. P. Sun, Y . F. Liu, M. X. Gao, H. G. Pan, Adv. Mater. 2022 , 34 , 2108543. 12 41 42 176 #/texts/161 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 306.48, 240.96, 17.17] Y. H. Bian, L. Su, Z. C. Yu, Z. C. Lv, H. Chen, Y . Zhou, C. Meng, H. P. Du, M. Cai, H. N. Cao, M. C. Lin, Electrochim. Acta 2020 , 332 , 135188. Y. H. Bian, L. Su, Z. C. Yu, Z. C. Lv, H. Chen, Y . Zhou, C. Meng, H. P. Du, M. Cai, H. N. Cao, M. C. Lin, Electrochim. Acta 2020 , 332 , 135188. Y. H. Bian, L. Su, Z. C. Yu, Z. C. Lv, H. Chen, Y . Zhou, C. Meng, H. P. Du, M. Cai, H. N. Cao, M. C. Lin, Electrochim. Acta 2020 , 332 , 135188. Y. H. Bian, L. Su, Z. C. Yu, Z. C. Lv, H. Chen, Y . Zhou, C. Meng, H. P. Du, M. Cai, H. N. Cao, M. C. Lin, Electrochim. Acta 2020 , 332 , 135188. 12 42 43 177 #/texts/162 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 326.4, 240.95, 17.17] L. F. Yang, K. L. Zhuo, X. C. Xu, Z. Z. Zhang, Q. Z. Du, Y. J. Chen, D. Sun, J. J. Wang, J. Mater. Chem. A 2020 , 8 , 21789. L. F. Yang, K. L. Zhuo, X. C. Xu, Z. Z. Zhang, Q. Z. Du, Y. J. Chen, D. Sun, J. J. Wang, J. Mater. Chem. A 2020 , 8 , 21789. L. F. Yang, K. L. Zhuo, X. C. Xu, Z. Z. Zhang, Q. Z. Du, Y. J. Chen, D. Sun, J. J. Wang, J. Mater. Chem. A 2020 , 8 , 21789. L. F. Yang, K. L. Zhuo, X. C. Xu, Z. Z. Zhang, Q. Z. Du, Y. J. Chen, D. Sun, J. J. Wang, J. Mater. Chem. A 2020 , 8 , 21789. 12 43 44 178 #/texts/163 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 346.33, 240.96, 27.13] D. Sun, Y. Shen, W. Zhang, L. Yu, Z. Q. Yi, W. Yin, D. Wang, Y. H. Huang, J. Wang, D. L. Wang, J. B. Goodenough, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014 , 136 , 8941. D. Sun, Y. Shen, W. Zhang, L. Yu, Z. Q. Yi, W. Yin, D. Wang, Y. H. Huang, J. Wang, D. L. Wang, J. B. Goodenough, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014 , 136 , 8941. D. Sun, Y. Shen, W. Zhang, L. Yu, Z. Q. Yi, W. Yin, D. Wang, Y. H. Huang, J. Wang, D. L. Wang, J. B. Goodenough, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014 , 136 , 8941. D. Sun, Y. Shen, W. Zhang, L. Yu, Z. Q. Yi, W. Yin, D. Wang, Y. H. Huang, J. Wang, D. L. Wang, J. B. Goodenough, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014 , 136 , 8941. 12 44 45 179 #/texts/164 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 376.22, 240.96, 27.13] Y. Ma, J. T. Li, X. B. Liao, W. Luo, W. Z. Huang, J. S. Meng, Q. Chen, S. B. Xi, R. H. Yu, Y . Zhao, L. Zhou, L. Q. Mai, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020 , 30 , 2005000. Y. Ma, J. T. Li, X. B. Liao, W. Luo, W. Z. Huang, J. S. Meng, Q. Chen, S. B. Xi, R. H. Yu, Y . Zhao, L. Zhou, L. Q. Mai, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020 , 30 , 2005000. Y. Ma, J. T. Li, X. B. Liao, W. Luo, W. Z. Huang, J. S. Meng, Q. Chen, S. B. Xi, R. H. Yu, Y . Zhao, L. Zhou, L. Q. Mai, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020 , 30 , 2005000. Y. Ma, J. T. Li, X. B. Liao, W. Luo, W. Z. Huang, J. S. Meng, Q. Chen, S. B. Xi, R. H. Yu, Y . Zhao, L. Zhou, L. Q. Mai, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020 , 30 , 2005000. 12 45 46 180 #/texts/165 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 406.11, 240.94, 17.17] J. S. Cao, M. Guan, G. H. Cao, Y. P. Zeng, J. M. Li, D. S. Qin, Chin. Phys. Lett. 2008 , 25 , 719. J. S. Cao, M. Guan, G. H. Cao, Y. P. Zeng, J. M. Li, D. S. Qin, Chin. Phys. Lett. 2008 , 25 , 719. J. S. Cao, M. Guan, G. H. Cao, Y. P. Zeng, J. M. Li, D. S. Qin, Chin. Phys. Lett. 2008 , 25 , 719. J. S. Cao, M. Guan, G. H. Cao, Y. P. Zeng, J. M. Li, D. S. Qin, Chin. Phys. Lett. 2008 , 25 , 719. 12 46 47 181 #/texts/166 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 426.03, 240.95, 17.17] H. C. Zhang, R. Zhang, X. J. Liu, F. Ding, C. S. Shi, Z. Zhou, N. Q. Zhao, J. Mater. Chem. A 2021 , 9 , 24915. H. C. Zhang, R. Zhang, X. J. Liu, F. Ding, C. S. Shi, Z. Zhou, N. Q. Zhao, J. Mater. Chem. A 2021 , 9 , 24915. H. C. Zhang, R. Zhang, X. J. Liu, F. Ding, C. S. Shi, Z. Zhou, N. Q. Zhao, J. Mater. Chem. A 2021 , 9 , 24915. H. C. Zhang, R. Zhang, X. J. Liu, F. Ding, C. S. Shi, Z. Zhou, N. Q. Zhao, J. Mater. Chem. A 2021 , 9 , 24915. 12 47 48 182 #/texts/167 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 445.96, 240.94, 17.18] B. Zhang, L. Wang, X. Wang, S. Zhou, A. Fu, Y. Yan, Q. Wang, Q. Xie, D. Peng, Y. Qiao, Energy Storage Mater. 2022 , 53 , 492. B. Zhang, L. Wang, X. Wang, S. Zhou, A. Fu, Y. Yan, Q. Wang, Q. Xie, D. Peng, Y. Qiao, Energy Storage Mater. 2022 , 53 , 492. B. Zhang, L. Wang, X. Wang, S. Zhou, A. Fu, Y. Yan, Q. Wang, Q. Xie, D. Peng, Y. Qiao, Energy Storage Mater. 2022 , 53 , 492. B. Zhang, L. Wang, X. Wang, S. Zhou, A. Fu, Y. Yan, Q. Wang, Q. Xie, D. Peng, Y. Qiao, Energy Storage Mater. 2022 , 53 , 492. 12 48 49 183 #/texts/168 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 465.89, 240.96, 17.17] B. Zhang, X. Wu, H. Luo, H. Yan, Y. Chen, S. Zhou, J. Yin, K. Zhang, H.-G. Liao, Q. Wang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2024 , 146 , 4557. B. Zhang, X. Wu, H. Luo, H. Yan, Y. Chen, S. Zhou, J. Yin, K. Zhang, H.-G. Liao, Q. Wang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2024 , 146 , 4557. B. Zhang, X. Wu, H. Luo, H. Yan, Y. Chen, S. Zhou, J. Yin, K. Zhang, H.-G. Liao, Q. Wang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2024 , 146 , 4557. B. Zhang, X. Wu, H. Luo, H. Yan, Y. Chen, S. Zhou, J. Yin, K. Zhang, H.-G. Liao, Q. Wang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2024 , 146 , 4557. 12 49 50 184 #/texts/169 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 485.82, 240.96, 17.17] B. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. Luo, H. Hua, X. Wu, Y. Chen, S. Zhou, J. Yin, K. Zhang, H. G. Liao, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2024 , 63 , e202316790. B. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. Luo, H. Hua, X. Wu, Y. Chen, S. Zhou, J. Yin, K. Zhang, H. G. Liao, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2024 , 63 , e202316790. B. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. Luo, H. Hua, X. Wu, Y. Chen, S. Zhou, J. Yin, K. Zhang, H. G. Liao, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2024 , 63 , e202316790. B. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. Luo, H. Hua, X. Wu, Y. Chen, S. Zhou, J. Yin, K. Zhang, H. G. Liao, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2024 , 63 , e202316790. 12 50 51 185 #/texts/170 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 505.74, 240.96, 17.17] S. Dong, Y. Zhou, C. Hai, J. Zeng, Y. Sun, Y. Shen, X. Li, X. Ren, C. Sun, G. Zhang, J. Power Sources 2020 , 462 , 228185. S. Dong, Y. Zhou, C. Hai, J. Zeng, Y. Sun, Y. Shen, X. Li, X. Ren, C. Sun, G. Zhang, J. Power Sources 2020 , 462 , 228185. S. Dong, Y. Zhou, C. Hai, J. Zeng, Y. Sun, Y. Shen, X. Li, X. Ren, C. Sun, G. Zhang, J. Power Sources 2020 , 462 , 228185. S. Dong, Y. Zhou, C. Hai, J. Zeng, Y. Sun, Y. Shen, X. Li, X. Ren, C. Sun, G. Zhang, J. Power Sources 2020 , 462 , 228185. 12 51 52 186 #/texts/171 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 525.67, 240.94, 17.16] H. Zheng, C. Zhang, Y. Zhang, L. Lin, P. Liu, L. Wang, Q. Wei, J. Lin, B. Sa, Q. Xie, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021 , 31 , 2100783. H. Zheng, C. Zhang, Y. Zhang, L. Lin, P. Liu, L. Wang, Q. Wei, J. Lin, B. Sa, Q. Xie, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021 , 31 , 2100783. H. Zheng, C. Zhang, Y. Zhang, L. Lin, P. Liu, L. Wang, Q. Wei, J. Lin, B. Sa, Q. Xie, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021 , 31 , 2100783. H. Zheng, C. Zhang, Y. Zhang, L. Lin, P. Liu, L. Wang, Q. Wei, J. Lin, B. Sa, Q. Xie, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021 , 31 , 2100783. 12 52 53 187 #/texts/172 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 545.58, 240.93, 17.17] B. Zhang, Y. Zhang, X. Wang, H. Liu, Y. Yan, S. Zhou, Y. Tang, G. Zeng, X. Wu, H.-G. Liao, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2023 , 145 , 8700. B. Zhang, Y. Zhang, X. Wang, H. Liu, Y. Yan, S. Zhou, Y. Tang, G. Zeng, X. Wu, H.-G. Liao, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2023 , 145 , 8700. B. Zhang, Y. Zhang, X. Wang, H. Liu, Y. Yan, S. Zhou, Y. Tang, G. Zeng, X. Wu, H.-G. Liao, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2023 , 145 , 8700. B. Zhang, Y. Zhang, X. Wang, H. Liu, Y. Yan, S. Zhou, Y. Tang, G. Zeng, X. Wu, H.-G. Liao, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2023 , 145 , 8700. 12 53 54 188 #/texts/173 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 565.51, 240.94, 17.17] X. He, L. Meng, Y. Liu, X. Zhang, Z. Cheng, H. Huang, R. He, H. Pan, Y. Kang, J. Li, Small 2022 , 18 , 2202969. X. He, L. Meng, Y. Liu, X. Zhang, Z. Cheng, H. Huang, R. He, H. Pan, Y. Kang, J. Li, Small 2022 , 18 , 2202969. X. He, L. Meng, Y. Liu, X. Zhang, Z. Cheng, H. Huang, R. He, H. Pan, Y. Kang, J. Li, Small 2022 , 18 , 2202969. X. He, L. Meng, Y. Liu, X. Zhang, Z. Cheng, H. Huang, R. He, H. Pan, Y. Kang, J. Li, Small 2022 , 18 , 2202969. 12 54 55 189 #/texts/174 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 585.44, 240.93, 17.17] X. Chi, Q. Chen, Z. A. Lan, X. Zhang, X. Chen, X. Wang, Chem. Euro. J. 2023 , 29 , e202202734. X. Chi, Q. Chen, Z. A. Lan, X. Zhang, X. Chen, X. Wang, Chem. Euro. J. 2023 , 29 , e202202734. X. Chi, Q. Chen, Z. A. Lan, X. Zhang, X. Chen, X. Wang, Chem. Euro. J. 2023 , 29 , e202202734. X. Chi, Q. Chen, Z. A. Lan, X. Zhang, X. Chen, X. Wang, Chem. Euro. J. 2023 , 29 , e202202734. 12 55 56 190 #/texts/175 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 605.36, 240.97, 17.17] X. W. Liu, A. R. Zhang, R. Ma, B. Wu, T. Wen, Y. J. Ai, M. T. Sun, J. Jin, S. H. Wang, X. K. Wang, Chin. Chem. Lett. 2022 , 33 , 3549. X. W. Liu, A. R. Zhang, R. Ma, B. Wu, T. Wen, Y. J. Ai, M. T. Sun, J. Jin, S. H. Wang, X. K. Wang, Chin. Chem. Lett. 2022 , 33 , 3549. X. W. Liu, A. R. Zhang, R. Ma, B. Wu, T. Wen, Y. J. Ai, M. T. Sun, J. Jin, S. H. Wang, X. K. Wang, Chin. Chem. Lett. 2022 , 33 , 3549. X. W. Liu, A. R. Zhang, R. Ma, B. Wu, T. Wen, Y. J. Ai, M. T. Sun, J. Jin, S. H. Wang, X. K. Wang, Chin. Chem. Lett. 2022 , 33 , 3549. 12 56 57 191 #/texts/176 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 625.29, 240.95, 17.17] C. Zhao, Z. F. Chen, W. Wang, P. X. Xiong, B. F. Li, M. J. Li, J. X. Yang, Y. H. Xu, Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. 2020 , 59 , 11992. C. Zhao, Z. F. Chen, W. Wang, P. X. Xiong, B. F. Li, M. J. Li, J. X. Yang, Y. H. Xu, Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. 2020 , 59 , 11992. C. Zhao, Z. F. Chen, W. Wang, P. X. Xiong, B. F. Li, M. J. Li, J. X. Yang, Y. H. Xu, Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. 2020 , 59 , 11992. C. Zhao, Z. F. Chen, W. Wang, P. X. Xiong, B. F. Li, M. J. Li, J. X. Yang, Y. H. Xu, Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. 2020 , 59 , 11992. 12 57 58 192 #/texts/177 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 645.21, 240.96, 37.09] R. Z. Yu, M. N. Banis, C. H. Wang, B. Wu, Y. Huang, S. Cao, J. J. Li, S. Jamil, X. T. Lin, F. P. Zhao, W. H. Lin, B. B. Chang, X. K. Yang, H. Huang, X. Y. Wang, X. L. Sun, Energy Storage Mater. 2021 , 37 , 509. R. Z. Yu, M. N. Banis, C. H. Wang, B. Wu, Y. Huang, S. Cao, J. J. Li, S. Jamil, X. T. Lin, F. P. Zhao, W. H. Lin, B. B. Chang, X. K. Yang, H. Huang, X. Y. Wang, X. L. Sun, Energy Storage Mater. 2021 , 37 , 509. R. Z. Yu, M. N. Banis, C. H. Wang, B. Wu, Y. Huang, S. Cao, J. J. Li, S. Jamil, X. T. Lin, F. P. Zhao, W. H. Lin, B. B. Chang, X. K. Yang, H. Huang, X. Y. Wang, X. L. Sun, Energy Storage Mater. 2021 , 37 , 509. R. Z. Yu, M. N. Banis, C. H. Wang, B. Wu, Y. Huang, S. Cao, J. J. Li, S. Jamil, X. T. Lin, F. P. Zhao, W. H. Lin, B. B. Chang, X. K. Yang, H. Huang, X. Y. Wang, X. L. Sun, Energy Storage Mater. 2021 , 37 , 509. 12 58 59 193 #/texts/178 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 685.06, 240.97, 17.17] Q. Y. Li, D. Ning, D. Wong, K. An, Y. X. Tang, D. Zhou, G. Schuck, Z. H. Chen, N. A. Zhang, X. F. Liu, Nat. Commun. 2022 , 13 , 1123. Q. Y. Li, D. Ning, D. Wong, K. An, Y. X. Tang, D. Zhou, G. Schuck, Z. H. Chen, N. A. Zhang, X. F. Liu, Nat. Commun. 2022 , 13 , 1123. Q. Y. Li, D. Ning, D. Wong, K. An, Y. X. Tang, D. Zhou, G. Schuck, Z. H. Chen, N. A. Zhang, X. F. Liu, Nat. Commun. 2022 , 13 , 1123. Q. Y. Li, D. Ning, D. Wong, K. An, Y. X. Tang, D. Zhou, G. Schuck, Z. H. Chen, N. A. Zhang, X. F. Liu, Nat. Commun. 2022 , 13 , 1123. 12 59 60 194 #/texts/179 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 704.99, 240.94, 17.17] X. D. Zhang, J. L. Shi, J. Y . Liang, Y . X. Yin, J. N. Zhang, X. Q. Yu, Y . G. Guo, Adv. Mater. 2018 , 30 , 1801751. X. D. Zhang, J. L. Shi, J. Y . Liang, Y . X. Yin, J. N. Zhang, X. Q. Yu, Y . G. Guo, Adv. Mater. 2018 , 30 , 1801751. X. D. Zhang, J. L. Shi, J. Y . Liang, Y . X. Yin, J. N. Zhang, X. Q. Yu, Y . G. Guo, Adv. Mater. 2018 , 30 , 1801751. X. D. Zhang, J. L. Shi, J. Y . Liang, Y . X. Yin, J. N. Zhang, X. Q. Yu, Y . G. Guo, Adv. Mater. 2018 , 30 , 1801751. 12 61 61 195 #/texts/181 page_footer page_footer False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [261.61, 744.38, 68.79, 8.02] 2401645 (12 of 13) 2401645 (12 of 13) 2401645 (12 of 13) 2401645 (12 of 13) 12 62 62 196 #/texts/182 page_footer page_footer False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p12:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [466.82, 745.82, 77.21, 6.3] ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH 13 2 1 197 #/texts/184 section_header metadata False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p13:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 50.12, 120.78, 8.02] www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advancedsciencenews.com 13 3 2 198 #/texts/185 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p13:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 77.34, 240.94, 17.17] W. Zhu, Z. G. Tai, C. Y . Shu, S. K. Chong, S. W. Guo, L. J. Ji, Y . Z. Chen, Y. N. Liu, J. Mater. Chem. A 2020 , 8 , 7991. W. Zhu, Z. G. Tai, C. Y . Shu, S. K. Chong, S. W. Guo, L. J. Ji, Y . Z. Chen, Y. N. Liu, J. Mater. Chem. A 2020 , 8 , 7991. W. Zhu, Z. G. Tai, C. Y . Shu, S. K. Chong, S. W. Guo, L. J. Ji, Y . Z. Chen, Y. N. Liu, J. Mater. Chem. A 2020 , 8 , 7991. W. Zhu, Z. G. Tai, C. Y . Shu, S. K. Chong, S. W. Guo, L. J. Ji, Y . Z. Chen, Y. N. Liu, J. Mater. Chem. A 2020 , 8 , 7991. 13 4 3 199 #/texts/186 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p13:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 97.27, 240.95, 17.17] B. Xiao, H. Liu, N. Chen, M. N. Banis, H. Yu, J. Liang, Q. Sun, T. K. Sham, R. Li, M. Cai, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020 , 59 , 14313. B. Xiao, H. Liu, N. Chen, M. N. Banis, H. Yu, J. Liang, Q. Sun, T. K. Sham, R. Li, M. Cai, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020 , 59 , 14313. B. Xiao, H. Liu, N. Chen, M. N. Banis, H. Yu, J. Liang, Q. Sun, T. K. Sham, R. Li, M. Cai, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020 , 59 , 14313. B. Xiao, H. Liu, N. Chen, M. N. Banis, H. Yu, J. Liang, Q. Sun, T. K. Sham, R. Li, M. Cai, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020 , 59 , 14313. 13 5 4 200 #/texts/187 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p13:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 117.2, 240.93, 17.17] J. Sun, C. Sheng, X. Cao, P. Wang, P. He, H. Yang, Z. Chang, X. Yue, H. Zhou, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022 , 32 , 2110295. J. Sun, C. Sheng, X. Cao, P. Wang, P. He, H. Yang, Z. Chang, X. Yue, H. Zhou, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022 , 32 , 2110295. J. Sun, C. Sheng, X. Cao, P. Wang, P. He, H. Yang, Z. Chang, X. Yue, H. Zhou, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022 , 32 , 2110295. J. Sun, C. Sheng, X. Cao, P. Wang, P. He, H. Yang, Z. Chang, X. Yue, H. Zhou, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022 , 32 , 2110295. 13 6 5 201 #/texts/188 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p13:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 137.12, 240.94, 17.17] P. Yan, J. Zheng, Z.-K. Tang, A. Devaraj, G. Chen, K. Amine, J.-G. Zhang, L.-M. Liu, C. Wang, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2019 , 14 , 602. P. Yan, J. Zheng, Z.-K. Tang, A. Devaraj, G. Chen, K. Amine, J.-G. Zhang, L.-M. Liu, C. Wang, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2019 , 14 , 602. P. Yan, J. Zheng, Z.-K. Tang, A. Devaraj, G. Chen, K. Amine, J.-G. Zhang, L.-M. Liu, C. Wang, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2019 , 14 , 602. P. Yan, J. Zheng, Z.-K. Tang, A. Devaraj, G. Chen, K. Amine, J.-G. Zhang, L.-M. Liu, C. Wang, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2019 , 14 , 602. 13 7 6 202 #/texts/189 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p13:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 157.05, 240.95, 17.17] Z. Zhu, D. Yu, Y. Yang, C. Su, Y. Huang, Y. Dong, I. Waluyo, B. Wang, A. Hunt, X. Yao, Nat. Energy 2019 , 4 , 1049. Z. Zhu, D. Yu, Y. Yang, C. Su, Y. Huang, Y. Dong, I. Waluyo, B. Wang, A. Hunt, X. Yao, Nat. Energy 2019 , 4 , 1049. Z. Zhu, D. Yu, Y. Yang, C. Su, Y. Huang, Y. Dong, I. Waluyo, B. Wang, A. Hunt, X. Yao, Nat. Energy 2019 , 4 , 1049. Z. Zhu, D. Yu, Y. Yang, C. Su, Y. Huang, Y. Dong, I. Waluyo, B. Wang, A. Hunt, X. Yao, Nat. Energy 2019 , 4 , 1049. 13 8 7 203 #/texts/190 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p13:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 176.97, 240.97, 17.17] J. Liu, F. Li, L. Xi, Z. Sun, Y . Yang, J. Shen, S. Yao, J. Zhao, M. Zhu, J. Liu, Small 2024 , 20 , 2305606. J. Liu, F. Li, L. Xi, Z. Sun, Y . Yang, J. Shen, S. Yao, J. Zhao, M. Zhu, J. Liu, Small 2024 , 20 , 2305606. J. Liu, F. Li, L. Xi, Z. Sun, Y . Yang, J. Shen, S. Yao, J. Zhao, M. Zhu, J. Liu, Small 2024 , 20 , 2305606. J. Liu, F. Li, L. Xi, Z. Sun, Y . Yang, J. Shen, S. Yao, J. Zhao, M. Zhu, J. Liu, Small 2024 , 20 , 2305606. 13 9 8 204 #/texts/191 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p13:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 196.9, 240.96, 17.17] C. Wu, S. Cao, H. Li, Z. Li, G. Chen, X. Guo, B. Chang, Y . Bai, X. Wang, Chem. Eng. J. 2022 , 431 , 134208. C. Wu, S. Cao, H. Li, Z. Li, G. Chen, X. Guo, B. Chang, Y . Bai, X. Wang, Chem. Eng. J. 2022 , 431 , 134208. C. Wu, S. Cao, H. Li, Z. Li, G. Chen, X. Guo, B. Chang, Y . Bai, X. Wang, Chem. Eng. J. 2022 , 431 , 134208. C. Wu, S. Cao, H. Li, Z. Li, G. Chen, X. Guo, B. Chang, Y . Bai, X. Wang, Chem. Eng. J. 2022 , 431 , 134208. 13 10 9 205 #/texts/192 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p13:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 216.82, 240.95, 17.17] W. Du, Y. Zheng, X. Liu, J. Cheng, R. C. K. Reddy, A. Zeb, X. Lin, Y. Luo, Chem. Eng. J. 2023 , 451 , 138626. W. Du, Y. Zheng, X. Liu, J. Cheng, R. C. K. Reddy, A. Zeb, X. Lin, Y. Luo, Chem. Eng. J. 2023 , 451 , 138626. W. Du, Y. Zheng, X. Liu, J. Cheng, R. C. K. Reddy, A. Zeb, X. Lin, Y. Luo, Chem. Eng. J. 2023 , 451 , 138626. W. Du, Y. Zheng, X. Liu, J. Cheng, R. C. K. Reddy, A. Zeb, X. Lin, Y. Luo, Chem. Eng. J. 2023 , 451 , 138626. 13 11 10 206 #/texts/193 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p13:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 236.75, 240.95, 37.09] X. Li, Z. H. Ren, M. N. Banis, S. X. Deng, Y . Zhao, Q. Sun, C. H. Wang, X. F. Yang, W. H. Li, J. W. Liang, X. N. Li, Y . P. Sun, K. Adair, R. Y . Li, Y. F. Hu, T. K. Sham, H. Huang, L. Zhang, S. G. Lu, J. Luo, X. L. Su… X. Li, Z. H. Ren, M. N. Banis, S. X. Deng, Y . Zhao, Q. Sun, C. H. Wang, X. F. Yang, W. H. Li, J. W. Liang, X. N. Li, Y . P. Sun, K. Adair, R. Y . Li, Y. F. Hu, T. K. Sham, H. Huang, L. Zhang, S. G. Lu, J. Luo, X. L. Su… X. Li, Z. H. Ren, M. N. Banis, S. X. Deng, Y . Zhao, Q. Sun, C. H. Wang, X. F. Yang, W. H. Li, J. W. Liang, X. N. Li, Y . P. Sun, K. Adair, R. Y . Li, Y. F. Hu, T. K. Sham, H. Huang, L. Zhang, S. G. Lu, J. Luo, X. L. Sun, ACS Energy Lett. 2019 , 4 , 2480. X. Li, Z. H. Ren, M. N. Banis, S. X. Deng, Y . Zhao, Q. Sun, C. H. Wang, X. F. Yang, W. H. Li, J. W. Liang, X. N. Li, Y . P. Sun, K. Adair, R. Y . Li, Y. F. Hu, T. K. Sham, H. Huang, L. Zhang, S. G. Lu, J. Luo, X. L. Sun, ACS Energy Lett. 2019 , 4 , 2480. 13 12 11 207 #/texts/194 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p13:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 276.6, 174.45, 7.2] H. K. Schmid, W. Mader, Micron. 2006 , 37 , 426. H. K. Schmid, W. Mader, Micron. 2006 , 37 , 426. H. K. Schmid, W. Mader, Micron. 2006 , 37 , 426. H. K. Schmid, W. Mader, Micron. 2006 , 37 , 426. 13 23 12 208 #/texts/205 page_footer page_footer False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p13:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.81, 745.71, 70.17, 6.3] Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 Small 2024 , 20 , 2401645 13 1 13 209 #/texts/183 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p13:top_margin:column_2_of_2:off_white [247, 247, 247] off_white False False [578.97, 15.65, 4.54, 751.19] 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ter… 16136829, 2024, 37, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.202401645 by Jilin University, Wiley Online Library on [12/07/2026]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 13 13 14 210 #/texts/195 section_header metadata False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p13:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [459.64, 50.12, 87.21, 8.02] www.small-journal.com www.small-journal.com 13 14 15 211 #/texts/196 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p13:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 77.34, 240.95, 27.13] W. B. Guo, Y. G. Zhang, L. Lin, W. He, H. F. Zheng, J. Lin, B. S. Sa, Q. L. Wei, L. S. Wang, Q. S. Xie, D. L. Peng, Nano Energy 2022 , 97 , 107201. W. B. Guo, Y. G. Zhang, L. Lin, W. He, H. F. Zheng, J. Lin, B. S. Sa, Q. L. Wei, L. S. Wang, Q. S. Xie, D. L. Peng, Nano Energy 2022 , 97 , 107201. W. B. Guo, Y. G. Zhang, L. Lin, W. He, H. F. Zheng, J. Lin, B. S. Sa, Q. L. Wei, L. S. Wang, Q. S. Xie, D. L. Peng, Nano Energy 2022 , 97 , 107201. W. B. Guo, Y. G. Zhang, L. Lin, W. He, H. F. Zheng, J. Lin, B. S. Sa, Q. L. Wei, L. S. Wang, Q. S. Xie, D. L. Peng, Nano Energy 2022 , 97 , 107201. 13 15 16 212 #/texts/197 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p13:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 107.23, 240.95, 37.09] M. Sathiya, G. Rousse, K. Ramesha, C. P. Laisa, H. Vezin, M. T. Sougrati, M. L. Doublet, D. Foix, D. Gonbeau, W. Walker, A. S. Prakash, M. Ben Hassine, L. Dupont, J. M. Tarascon, Nat. Mater. 2013 , 12 , 827. M. Sathiya, G. Rousse, K. Ramesha, C. P. Laisa, H. Vezin, M. T. Sougrati, M. L. Doublet, D. Foix, D. Gonbeau, W. Walker, A. S. Prakash, M. Ben Hassine, L. Dupont, J. M. Tarascon, Nat. Mater. 2013 , 12 , 827. M. Sathiya, G. Rousse, K. Ramesha, C. P. Laisa, H. Vezin, M. T. Sougrati, M. L. Doublet, D. Foix, D. Gonbeau, W. Walker, A. S. Prakash, M. Ben Hassine, L. Dupont, J. M. Tarascon, Nat. Mater. 2013 , 12 , 827. M. Sathiya, G. Rousse, K. Ramesha, C. P. Laisa, H. Vezin, M. T. Sougrati, M. L. Doublet, D. Foix, D. Gonbeau, W. Walker, A. S. Prakash, M. Ben Hassine, L. Dupont, J. M. Tarascon, Nat. Mater. 2013 , 12 , 827. 13 16 17 213 #/texts/198 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p13:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 147.08, 240.96, 27.13] P. X. Bai, X. Ji, J. X. Zhang, W. R. Zhang, S. Hou, H. Su, M. J. Li, T. Deng, L. S. Cao, S. F. Liu, X. Z. He, Y . H. Xu, C. S. Wang, Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. 2022 , 61 , 202202731. P. X. Bai, X. Ji, J. X. Zhang, W. R. Zhang, S. Hou, H. Su, M. J. Li, T. Deng, L. S. Cao, S. F. Liu, X. Z. He, Y . H. Xu, C. S. Wang, Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. 2022 , 61 , 202202731. P. X. Bai, X. Ji, J. X. Zhang, W. R. Zhang, S. Hou, H. Su, M. J. Li, T. Deng, L. S. Cao, S. F. Liu, X. Z. He, Y . H. Xu, C. S. Wang, Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. 2022 , 61 , 202202731. P. X. Bai, X. Ji, J. X. Zhang, W. R. Zhang, S. Hou, H. Su, M. J. Li, T. Deng, L. S. Cao, S. F. Liu, X. Z. He, Y . H. Xu, C. S. Wang, Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. 2022 , 61 , 202202731. 13 17 18 214 #/texts/199 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p13:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 176.97, 240.95, 17.17] M. Yoon, Y. Dong, Y. Yoo, S. Myeong, J. Hwang, J. Kim, S. H. Choi, J. Sung, S. J. Kang, J. Li, J. Cho, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020 , 30 , 1907903. M. Yoon, Y. Dong, Y. Yoo, S. Myeong, J. Hwang, J. Kim, S. H. Choi, J. Sung, S. J. Kang, J. Li, J. Cho, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020 , 30 , 1907903. M. Yoon, Y. Dong, Y. Yoo, S. Myeong, J. Hwang, J. Kim, S. H. Choi, J. Sung, S. J. Kang, J. Li, J. Cho, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020 , 30 , 1907903. M. Yoon, Y. Dong, Y. Yoo, S. Myeong, J. Hwang, J. Kim, S. H. Choi, J. Sung, S. J. Kang, J. Li, J. Cho, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020 , 30 , 1907903. 13 18 19 215 #/texts/200 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p13:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 196.89, 237.54, 7.21] J. G. Han, K. Kim, Y. Lee, N. S. Choi, Adv. Mater. 2019 , 31 , 1804822. J. G. Han, K. Kim, Y. Lee, N. S. Choi, Adv. Mater. 2019 , 31 , 1804822. J. G. Han, K. Kim, Y. Lee, N. S. Choi, Adv. Mater. 2019 , 31 , 1804822. J. G. Han, K. Kim, Y. Lee, N. S. Choi, Adv. Mater. 2019 , 31 , 1804822. 13 19 20 216 #/texts/201 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p13:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 206.86, 240.95, 17.17] C. Zhan, T. P. Wu, J. Lu, K. Amine, Energy Environ. Sci. 2018 , 11 , 243. C. Zhan, T. P. Wu, J. Lu, K. Amine, Energy Environ. Sci. 2018 , 11 , 243. C. Zhan, T. P. Wu, J. Lu, K. Amine, Energy Environ. Sci. 2018 , 11 , 243. C. Zhan, T. P. Wu, J. Lu, K. Amine, Energy Environ. Sci. 2018 , 11 , 243. 13 20 21 217 #/texts/202 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p13:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 226.79, 240.94, 17.17] W. Liu, J. X. Li, W. T. Li, H. Y . Xu, C. Zhang, X. P. Qiu, Nat. Commun. 2020 , 11 , 3629. W. Liu, J. X. Li, W. T. Li, H. Y . Xu, C. Zhang, X. P. Qiu, Nat. Commun. 2020 , 11 , 3629. W. Liu, J. X. Li, W. T. Li, H. Y . Xu, C. Zhang, X. P. Qiu, Nat. Commun. 2020 , 11 , 3629. W. Liu, J. X. Li, W. T. Li, H. Y . Xu, C. Zhang, X. P. Qiu, Nat. Commun. 2020 , 11 , 3629. 13 21 22 218 #/texts/203 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p13:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 246.71, 240.95, 17.17] S. Zhang, H. Gu, H. Pan, S. Yang, W. Du, X. Li, M. Gao, Y. Liu, M. Zhu, L. Ouyang, Adv. Energy Mater. 2017 , 7 , 1601066. S. Zhang, H. Gu, H. Pan, S. Yang, W. Du, X. Li, M. Gao, Y. Liu, M. Zhu, L. Ouyang, Adv. Energy Mater. 2017 , 7 , 1601066. S. Zhang, H. Gu, H. Pan, S. Yang, W. Du, X. Li, M. Gao, Y. Liu, M. Zhu, L. Ouyang, Adv. Energy Mater. 2017 , 7 , 1601066. S. Zhang, H. Gu, H. Pan, S. Yang, W. Du, X. Li, M. Gao, Y. Liu, M. Zhu, L. Ouyang, Adv. Energy Mater. 2017 , 7 , 1601066. 13 22 23 219 #/texts/204 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p13:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.93, 266.64, 240.95, 17.17] C. Yan, Q. Shao, Y. Yang, M. Gao, Y. Lin, M. Gao, Z. Chen, Y. Wei, Y. Liu, W. Sun, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2024 , 34 , 2310873. C. Yan, Q. Shao, Y. Yang, M. Gao, Y. Lin, M. Gao, Z. Chen, Y. Wei, Y. Liu, W. Sun, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2024 , 34 , 2310873. C. Yan, Q. Shao, Y. Yang, M. Gao, Y. Lin, M. Gao, Z. Chen, Y. Wei, Y. Liu, W. Sun, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2024 , 34 , 2310873. C. Yan, Q. Shao, Y. Yang, M. Gao, Y. Lin, M. Gao, Z. Chen, Y. Wei, Y. Liu, W. Sun, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2024 , 34 , 2310873. 13 24 24 220 #/texts/206 page_footer page_footer False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p13:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [264.44, 744.38, 68.79, 8.02] 2401645 (13 of 13) 2401645 (13 of 13) 2401645 (13 of 13) 2401645 (13 of 13) 13 25 25 221 #/texts/207 page_footer page_footer False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p13:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [469.66, 745.82, 77.21, 6.3] ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH ©2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH