page source_page_order layout_page_order layout_order ref label role_guess included_in_body excluded_risk_level body_decision_reason parser_body_decision_reason production_usage visual_asset_type visual_asset_label visual_asset_caption_preview truncation_marker inside_body_region body_region_id zone column column_index column_count region_id background_rgb background_class is_gray_background has_frame_evidence bbox text_preview cleaned_text_preview text cleaned_text 1 1 1 0 #/texts/0 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p1:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [224.72, 33.45, 145.08, 11.73] Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 1 2 2 1 #/texts/1 section_header front_matter_heading False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:front_matter:front_panel:gray [230, 230, 230] gray True False [228.42, 63.48, 142.99, 7.31] Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Contents lists available at ScienceDirect 1 3 3 2 #/texts/2 section_header title_candidate False low first_page_front_matter_heading first_page_front_matter_heading True p1:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:front_matter:front_panel:gray [230, 230, 230] gray True False [219.29, 87.36, 163.01, 12.79] Journal of Power Sources Journal of Power Sources Journal of Power Sources Journal of Power Sources 1 4 4 3 #/texts/3 text front_matter_heading False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:front_matter:front_panel:gray [230, 230, 230] gray True False [195.48, 119.22, 208.78, 6.67] journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jpowsour journal homepage: journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jpowsour journal homepage: 1 5 5 4 #/texts/4 section_header title_candidate False low first_page_front_matter_heading first_page_front_matter_heading True p1:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 168.03, 450.29, 46.81] Efficient improvement in electrochemical properties of high-voltage Li-rich Mn-based layered oxide cathode by addition of 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane to electrolyte Efficient improvement in electrochemical properties of high-voltage Li-rich Mn-based layered oxide cathode by addition of 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane to electrolyte Efficient improvement in electrochemical properties of high-voltage Li-rich Mn-based layered oxide cathode by addition of 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane to electrolyte Efficient improvement in electrochemical properties of high-voltage Li-rich Mn-based layered oxide cathode by addition of 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane to electrolyte 1 6 6 5 #/texts/5 text affiliation False low first_page_author_or_affiliation first_page_author_or_affiliation True p1:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 229.44, 339.84, 9.69] Tao Huang, Xiangzhen Zheng, Chunfeng Yan, Ying Pan , Maoxiang Wu Tao Huang, Xiangzhen Zheng, Chunfeng Yan, Ying Pan , Maoxiang Wu Tao Huang, Xiangzhen Zheng, Chunfeng Yan, Ying Pan , Maoxiang Wu Tao Huang, Xiangzhen Zheng, Chunfeng Yan, Ying Pan , Maoxiang Wu 1 8 7 6 #/texts/7 text affiliation False low first_page_author_or_affiliation first_page_author_or_affiliation True p1:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 248.69, 437.99, 5.85] Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 1 9 8 7 #/texts/8 text unknown_text False low before_body_started before_body_started True p1:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 257.25, 56.39, 5.85] 350002, PR China 350002, PR China 350002, PR China 350002, PR China 1 10 9 8 #/texts/9 section_header front_matter_heading False low front_matter_heading front_matter_heading True p1:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 289.44, 75.13, 6.4] H I G H L I G H T S H I G H L I G H T S H I G H L I G H T S H I G H L I G H T S 1 11 10 9 #/texts/10 list_item front_matter_candidate False low outside_body_flow_list_item outside_body_flow_list_item True p1:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 308.87, 231.27, 6.58] DTMS improved cyclic stability of LRM cathode lithium-ion batteries. DTMS improved cyclic stability of LRM cathode lithium-ion batteries. DTMS improved cyclic stability of LRM cathode lithium-ion batteries. DTMS improved cyclic stability of LRM cathode lithium-ion batteries. 1 12 11 10 #/texts/11 list_item unknown_text False medium outside_body_flow_list_item outside_body_flow_list_item True p1:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 318.9, 179.65, 6.58] The DTMS-derived layer maintains interface stability. The DTMS-derived layer maintains interface stability. The DTMS-derived layer maintains interface stability. The DTMS-derived layer maintains interface stability. 1 13 12 11 #/texts/12 list_item front_matter_candidate False low outside_body_flow_list_item outside_body_flow_list_item True p1:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 328.99, 170.36, 6.58] DTMS reacts with the HF/F from the electrolyte. DTMS reacts with the HF/F from the electrolyte. DTMS reacts with the HF/F from the electrolyte. DTMS reacts with the HF/F from the electrolyte. 1 14 13 12 #/texts/13 section_header front_matter_heading False low front_matter_heading front_matter_heading True p1:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 363.31, 88.53, 6.4] A R T I C L E I N F O A R T I C L E I N F O A R T I C L E I N F O A R T I C L E I N F O 1 20 14 13 #/texts/19 section_header abstract_heading False low abstract_heading abstract_heading True p1:body_region:0 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [202.0, 363.31, 67.15, 6.4] A B S T R A C T A B S T R A C T A B S T R A C T A B S T R A C T 1 15 15 14 #/texts/14 text front_matter_heading False low front_matter_heading front_matter_heading True p1:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 382.2, 93.07, 40.15] Keywords: Lithium-ion battery Li-rich layered oxide cathode Solid electrolyte interphase film Interfacial stability Keywords: Lithium-ion battery Li-rich layered oxide cathode Solid electrolyte interphase film Interfacial stability Keywords: Lithium-ion battery Li-rich layered oxide cathode Solid electrolyte interphase film Interfacial stability Keywords: Lithium-ion battery Li-rich layered oxide cathode Solid electrolyte interphase film Interfacial stability 1 16 16 15 #/texts/15 text unknown_text False medium inside_front_matter inside_front_matter True p1:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 425.06, 94.03, 5.85] 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane 1 21 17 16 #/texts/20 text front_matter_candidate False low first_page_summary first_page_summary True p1:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [202.0, 382.68, 357.8, 73.53] 1,3-Divinyltetramethyldisiloxane (DTMS) is a multifunctional additive that is used to improves the cycling stability and capacity retention of Li-rich Mn-based layered oxide cathodes (LRMs). Cycling performance evaluati… 1,3-Divinyltetramethyldisiloxane (DTMS) is a multifunctional additive that is used to improves the cycling stability and capacity retention of Li-rich Mn-based layered oxide cathodes (LRMs). Cycling performance evaluati… 1,3-Divinyltetramethyldisiloxane (DTMS) is a multifunctional additive that is used to improves the cycling stability and capacity retention of Li-rich Mn-based layered oxide cathodes (LRMs). Cycling performance evaluations demonstrate that LRM/Li cells without the additive exhibit lower capacity retention. DTMS can significantly improve the capacity retention of LRM/Li cells from 42.8% to 75% at 0.5C. Theoretical calculations indicate that DTMS is preferentially oxidized on the LRM surface. Physical characterization results reveal that DTMS generates a layer on the LRM surface that is both less resistive and thinner than the LRM by reacting with HF/F from the electrolyte. This DTMS-derived layer inhibits adverse reactions between the cathode and electrolyte, thus, effectively maintaining the cathode structure. 1,3-Divinyltetramethyldisiloxane (DTMS) is a multifunctional additive that is used to improves the cycling stability and capacity retention of Li-rich Mn-based layered oxide cathodes (LRMs). Cycling performance evaluations demonstrate that LRM/Li cells without the additive exhibit lower capacity retention. DTMS can significantly improve the capacity retention of LRM/Li cells from 42.8% to 75% at 0.5C. Theoretical calculations indicate that DTMS is preferentially oxidized on the LRM surface. Physical characterization results reveal that DTMS generates a layer on the LRM surface that is both less resistive and thinner than the LRM by reacting with HF/F from the electrolyte. This DTMS-derived layer inhibits adverse reactions between the cathode and electrolyte, thus, effectively maintaining the cathode structure. 1 17 18 17 #/texts/16 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p1:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 488.79, 62.58, 7.31] 1. Introduction 1. Introduction 1. Introduction 1. Introduction 1 19 20 19 #/texts/18 footnote footnote False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [42.63, 672.84, 153.92, 16.16] * Corresponding author. E-mail address: mxwu@fjirsm.ac.cn (M. Wu). * Corresponding author. E-mail address: mxwu@fjirsm.ac.cn (M. Wu). * Corresponding author. E-mail address: mxwu@fjirsm.ac.cn (M. Wu). * Corresponding author. E-mail address: mxwu@fjirsm.ac.cn (M. Wu). 1 24 21 20 #/texts/23 page_footer page_footer False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [37.59, 699.43, 160.64, 6.58] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233437 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233437 1 25 22 21 #/texts/24 page_footer page_footer False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.52, 708.95, 299.92, 17.48] Available online 26 July 2023 Received 28 February 2023; Received in revised form 7 June 2023; Accepted 17 July 2023 Available online 26 July 2023 Received 28 February 2023; Received in revised form 7 June 2023; Accepted 17 July 2023 Available online 26 July 2023 Received 28 February 2023; Received in revised form 7 June 2023; Accepted 17 July 2023 Available online 26 July 2023 Received 28 February 2023; Received in revised form 7 June 2023; Accepted 17 July 2023 1 26 23 22 #/texts/25 page_footer page_footer False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.52, 724.32, 167.09, 11.73] 0378-7753/© 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 0378-7753/© 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 0378-7753/© 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 0378-7753/© 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1 7 24 23 #/texts/6 text unknown_text False medium empty_after_cleaning empty_after_cleaning True p1:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [379.16, 226.86, 6.28, 6.78] * * 2 1 1 26 #/texts/26 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p2:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [433.38, 33.65, 124.91, 10.42] Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 2 2 2 27 #/texts/27 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header True p2:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 37.0, 463.07, 5.85] T. Huang et al. T. Huang et al. T. Huang et al. T. Huang et al. 2 5 5 30 #/texts/30 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p2:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 453.13, 58.23, 7.31] 2. Experiment 2. Experiment 2. Experiment 2. Experiment 2 6 6 31 #/texts/31 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p2:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 474.05, 158.65, 7.31] 2.1. Preparation of electrolytes and electrodes 2.1. Preparation of electrolytes and electrodes 2.1. Preparation of electrolytes and electrodes 2.1. Preparation of electrolytes and electrodes 2 9 9 34 #/texts/34 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p2:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 652.4, 96.4, 7.31] 2.2. Electrochemical testing 2.2. Electrochemical testing 2.2. Electrochemical testing 2.2. Electrochemical testing 2 11 11 36 #/texts/36 caption caption False low docling_caption docling_caption True p2:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [366.12, 56.3, 79.26, 16.16] Table 1 Calculated Eox (V vs. Li + Table 1 Calculated Eox (V vs. Li + Table 1 Calculated Eox (V vs. Li + Table 1 Calculated Eox (V vs. Li + 2 14 14 39 #/texts/39 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.6, 197.1, 104.56, 7.31] 2.3. Physical characterization 2.3. Physical characterization 2.3. Physical characterization 2.3. Physical characterization 2 16 16 41 #/texts/41 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.6, 313.49, 61.58, 7.31] 2.4. Calculations 2.4. Calculations 2.4. Calculations 2.4. Calculations 2 19 19 44 #/texts/44 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.6, 420.93, 100.96, 7.31] 3. Results and discussion 3. Results and discussion 3. Results and discussion 3. Results and discussion 2 20 20 45 #/texts/45 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.6, 441.84, 114.37, 7.31] 3.1. Oxidative stability of DTMS 3.1. Oxidative stability of DTMS 3.1. Oxidative stability of DTMS 3.1. Oxidative stability of DTMS 2 22 22 47 #/texts/47 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.6, 641.91, 167.94, 7.31] 3.2. Impact of DTMS at electrochemical perform 3.2. Impact of DTMS at electrochemical perform 3.2. Impact of DTMS at electrochemical perform 3.2. Impact of DTMS at electrochemical perform 2 23 23 48 #/texts/48#prov0 text back_matter_heading False low early_back_matter_heading early_back_matter_heading True p2:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.6, 662.83, 253.42, 80.56] Supplementary Material. 2 shows the charge -discharge curve performance of LRM/Li cells with and without 2 vol% DTMS electrolytes during the first pre-cycle process. It can be found that the cells in the 2 vol% DTMS-con… Supplementary Material. 2 shows the charge -discharge curve performance of LRM/Li cells with and without 2 vol% DTMS electrolytes during the first pre-cycle process. It can be found that the cells in the 2 vol% DTMS-con… Supplementary Material. 2 shows the charge -discharge curve performance of LRM/Li cells with and without 2 vol% DTMS electrolytes during the first pre-cycle process. It can be found that the cells in the 2 vol% DTMS-containing electrolyte have a large charge capacity of 321.2 mAh g 1 and that they delivered a lower coulombic efficiency (92.5%) than the cells in the BE electrolyte (97.2%). This may be due to DTMS oxidation occurring prior to that of electrolyte solvents. Fig. 2 presents the comparison of the cycling performance of LRM/Li cells in the Supplementary Material. 2 shows the charge -discharge curve performance of LRM/Li cells with and without 2 vol% DTMS electrolytes during the first pre-cycle process. It can be found that the cells in the 2 vol% DTMS-containing electrolyte have a large charge capacity of 321.2 mAh g 1 and that they delivered a lower coulombic efficiency (92.5%) than the cells in the BE electrolyte (97.2%). This may be due to DTMS oxidation occurring prior to that of electrolyte solvents. Fig. 2 presents the comparison of the cycling performance of LRM/Li cells in the 2 24 24 49 #/texts/49 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [296.21, 754.45, 3.59, 10.42] 2 2 2 2 3 2 1 50 #/texts/50 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p3:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [433.38, 33.65, 124.91, 10.42] Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 3 1 2 51 #/texts/48#prov1 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header True p3:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p3:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 36.99, 463.07, 5.85] T. Huang et al. T. Huang et al. T. Huang et al. T. Huang et al. 3 3 3 52 #/texts/51 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [179.09, 187.18, 241.32, 8.3] Fig. 1. Optimized structures and Eb values of solvents-Li + and DTMS-Li + . Fig. 1. Optimized structures and Eb values of solvents-Li + and DTMS-Li + . Fig. 1. Optimized structures and Eb values of solvents-Li + and DTMS-Li + . Fig. 1. Optimized structures and Eb values of solvents-Li + and DTMS-Li + . 3 4 4 53 #/texts/52 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [38.95, 472.99, 521.55, 6.58] Fig. 2. (a) Cycling performance and (b) rate capability of LRM/Li cell. (c) (d) 1st, 20th, 50th, and 100th charge -discharge curves of LRM/Li cell during cycling. Fig. 2. (a) Cycling performance and (b) rate capability of LRM/Li cell. (c) (d) 1st, 20th, 50th, and 100th charge -discharge curves of LRM/Li cell during cycling. Fig. 2. (a) Cycling performance and (b) rate capability of LRM/Li cell. (c) (d) 1st, 20th, 50th, and 100th charge -discharge curves of LRM/Li cell during cycling. Fig. 2. (a) Cycling performance and (b) rate capability of LRM/Li cell. (c) (d) 1st, 20th, 50th, and 100th charge -discharge curves of LRM/Li cell during cycling. 3 5 5 54 #/texts/53 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p3:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 494.91, 253.44, 174.67] different electrolytes. The LRM/Li cells with 2 vol% DTMS showed great cycling stability. The discharge capacity of LRM/Li cells in the BE electrolyte decreased from 262.3 to 57.7 mAh g 1 after 100 cycles (57.2% capacit… different electrolytes. The LRM/Li cells with 2 vol% DTMS showed great cycling stability. The discharge capacity of LRM/Li cells in the BE electrolyte decreased from 262.3 to 57.7 mAh g 1 after 100 cycles (57.2% capacit… different electrolytes. The LRM/Li cells with 2 vol% DTMS showed great cycling stability. The discharge capacity of LRM/Li cells in the BE electrolyte decreased from 262.3 to 57.7 mAh g 1 after 100 cycles (57.2% capacity loss). However, in the 2 vol% DTMS-containing electrolyte, the discharge capacity decreased from 256.2 to 192.7 mAh g 1 (25% capacity loss). To estimate whether the Li/Li-rich cells with the DTMS-containing electrolyte are capable of fast charge transport, the rate capability of LRM/Li cells was evaluated. The Li/Li-rich cells with 2 vol% DTMS delivered a higher discharge capacity of 100 mAh g 1 at 5C. In contrast, the LRM/Li cells with the BE electrolyte exhibited substantial capacity loss. The 1st, 20th, 50th, and 100th charge -discharge curves of the LRM/Li cell during cycling are presented in Fig. 2c and d. An obvious decrease in the discharge capacity and voltage platform can be seen for the cell without additives during cycling, which may indicate increased interfacial instability. The charge and discharge capacities of LRM/Li cells in DTMS-containing electrolyte remained at a desirable level. different electrolytes. The LRM/Li cells with 2 vol% DTMS showed great cycling stability. The discharge capacity of LRM/Li cells in the BE electrolyte decreased from 262.3 to 57.7 mAh g 1 after 100 cycles (57.2% capacity loss). However, in the 2 vol% DTMS-containing electrolyte, the discharge capacity decreased from 256.2 to 192.7 mAh g 1 (25% capacity loss). To estimate whether the Li/Li-rich cells with the DTMS-containing electrolyte are capable of fast charge transport, the rate capability of LRM/Li cells was evaluated. The Li/Li-rich cells with 2 vol% DTMS delivered a higher discharge capacity of 100 mAh g 1 at 5C. In contrast, the LRM/Li cells with the BE electrolyte exhibited substantial capacity loss. The 1st, 20th, 50th, and 100th charge -discharge curves of the LRM/Li cell during cycling are presented in Fig. 2c and d. An obvious decrease in the discharge capacity and voltage platform can be seen for the cell without additives during cycling, which may indicate increased interfacial instability. The charge and discharge capacities of LRM/Li cells in DTMS-containing electrolyte remained at a desirable level. 3 6 6 55 #/texts/54#prov0 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p3:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p3:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 672.7, 253.44, 70.07] EIS was carried out on LRM/Li cells after pre-cycling and cycling with the BE and 2 vol% DTMS-containing electrolytes, as shown in Fig. 3. The results can be divided into two parts: a depressed semicircle followed by a … EIS was carried out on LRM/Li cells after pre-cycling and cycling with the BE and 2 vol% DTMS-containing electrolytes, as shown in Fig. 3. The results can be divided into two parts: a depressed semicircle followed by a … EIS was carried out on LRM/Li cells after pre-cycling and cycling with the BE and 2 vol% DTMS-containing electrolytes, as shown in Fig. 3. The results can be divided into two parts: a depressed semicircle followed by a slanting line. The depressed semicircle contains two parts: the surface-film resistance (Rf) and the charge-transfer resistance (Rct) between the electrode and electrolyte. 24 The values in Fig. 3c reveal that the cell with the BE electrolyte shows a greater numerical variation EIS was carried out on LRM/Li cells after pre-cycling and cycling with the BE and 2 vol% DTMS-containing electrolytes, as shown in Fig. 3. The results can be divided into two parts: a depressed semicircle followed by a slanting line. The depressed semicircle contains two parts: the surface-film resistance (Rf) and the charge-transfer resistance (Rct) between the electrode and electrolyte. 24 The values in Fig. 3c reveal that the cell with the BE electrolyte shows a greater numerical variation 3 7 7 56 #/texts/54#prov1 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p3:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 494.91, 253.4, 38.66] in Rf and Rct compared with the cells with the DTMS-containing electrolyte. The electrolyte decomposition substantially deteriorates the properties of the interface between the LRM and BE electrolyte and thereby reduces… in Rf and Rct compared with the cells with the DTMS-containing electrolyte. The electrolyte decomposition substantially deteriorates the properties of the interface between the LRM and BE electrolyte and thereby reduces… in Rf and Rct compared with the cells with the DTMS-containing electrolyte. The electrolyte decomposition substantially deteriorates the properties of the interface between the LRM and BE electrolyte and thereby reduces the cycling performance. in Rf and Rct compared with the cells with the DTMS-containing electrolyte. The electrolyte decomposition substantially deteriorates the properties of the interface between the LRM and BE electrolyte and thereby reduces the cycling performance. 3 8 8 57 #/texts/55 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p3:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 536.75, 253.43, 122.34] The surface morphologies of the cathodes in the BE and DTMScontaining electrolytes were analyzed after cycling by SEM and TEM (Fig. 4). As shown in Fig. 4a, the cathode surface in the BE electrolyte was covered with a t… The surface morphologies of the cathodes in the BE and DTMScontaining electrolytes were analyzed after cycling by SEM and TEM (Fig. 4). As shown in Fig. 4a, the cathode surface in the BE electrolyte was covered with a t… The surface morphologies of the cathodes in the BE and DTMScontaining electrolytes were analyzed after cycling by SEM and TEM (Fig. 4). As shown in Fig. 4a, the cathode surface in the BE electrolyte was covered with a thick and uneven layer. The thickness is approximately 10 -15 nm. In contrast, the thickness of the cathode surface in the DTMS-containing electrolytes is only 2 -4 nm (Fig. 4b). After cycling, serious structure damage was found for the LRM particles in the BE electrolytes (Fig. 4c). These changes in surface morphology are most likely due to the HF continuous corrosion. The microstructure of the LRM particles in the DTMS-containing electrolytes was well maintained, as shown in Fig. 4d. It could be assumed the CEI layer was created by DTMS inhibiting HF corrosion on the cathode surface. The surface morphologies of the cathodes in the BE and DTMScontaining electrolytes were analyzed after cycling by SEM and TEM (Fig. 4). As shown in Fig. 4a, the cathode surface in the BE electrolyte was covered with a thick and uneven layer. The thickness is approximately 10 -15 nm. In contrast, the thickness of the cathode surface in the DTMS-containing electrolytes is only 2 -4 nm (Fig. 4b). After cycling, serious structure damage was found for the LRM particles in the BE electrolytes (Fig. 4c). These changes in surface morphology are most likely due to the HF continuous corrosion. The microstructure of the LRM particles in the DTMS-containing electrolytes was well maintained, as shown in Fig. 4d. It could be assumed the CEI layer was created by DTMS inhibiting HF corrosion on the cathode surface. 3 9 9 58 #/texts/56 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p3:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p3:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 662.27, 253.42, 80.5] Fig. 5a depicts the obtained XPS of LRM cells with BE and DMSEcontaining electrolytes after cycling. The C 1s peaks at 290.3 and 285.4 eV correspond to PVDF [19,25], and the peak at 284.6 eV is assigned to acetylene bla… Fig. 5a depicts the obtained XPS of LRM cells with BE and DMSEcontaining electrolytes after cycling. The C 1s peaks at 290.3 and 285.4 eV correspond to PVDF [19,25], and the peak at 284.6 eV is assigned to acetylene bla… Fig. 5a depicts the obtained XPS of LRM cells with BE and DMSEcontaining electrolytes after cycling. The C 1s peaks at 290.3 and 285.4 eV correspond to PVDF [19,25], and the peak at 284.6 eV is assigned to acetylene black [17]. Furthermore, the peak intensities of the PVDF and acetylene black of the LRM electrode in the BE electrolyte after cycling were higher than those in DTMS-containing electrolytes, which indicates that a thinner CEI film was formed with DTMS. The peaks corresponding to electrolyte decomposition products [19,25] Fig. 5a depicts the obtained XPS of LRM cells with BE and DMSEcontaining electrolytes after cycling. The C 1s peaks at 290.3 and 285.4 eV correspond to PVDF [19,25], and the peak at 284.6 eV is assigned to acetylene black [17]. Furthermore, the peak intensities of the PVDF and acetylene black of the LRM electrode in the BE electrolyte after cycling were higher than those in DTMS-containing electrolytes, which indicates that a thinner CEI film was formed with DTMS. The peaks corresponding to electrolyte decomposition products [19,25] 3 10 10 59 #/texts/57 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p3:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [296.21, 754.45, 3.59, 10.42] 3 3 3 3 4 1 1 60 #/texts/58 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p4:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [433.38, 33.65, 124.91, 10.42] Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 4 2 2 61 #/texts/59 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header True p4:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 36.99, 463.07, 5.85] T. Huang et al. T. Huang et al. T. Huang et al. T. Huang et al. 4 3 3 62 #/texts/60 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [86.63, 307.39, 426.25, 6.58] Fig. 3. EIS results of LRM/Li cell in BE and 2 vol% DTMS electrolyte after (a) pre-cycling and (b) cycling. (c) Values of Rf and Rct. Fig. 3. EIS results of LRM/Li cell in BE and 2 vol% DTMS electrolyte after (a) pre-cycling and (b) cycling. (c) Values of Rf and Rct. Fig. 3. EIS results of LRM/Li cell in BE and 2 vol% DTMS electrolyte after (a) pre-cycling and (b) cycling. (c) Values of Rf and Rct. Fig. 3. EIS results of LRM/Li cell in BE and 2 vol% DTMS electrolyte after (a) pre-cycling and (b) cycling. (c) Values of Rf and Rct. 4 4 4 63 #/texts/61 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [112.82, 587.51, 373.83, 6.58] Fig. 4. TEM and SEM images of LRM cathodes after cycling (a), (c) with BE and (b), (d) 2 vol% DTMS electrolyte. Fig. 4. TEM and SEM images of LRM cathodes after cycling (a), (c) with BE and (b), (d) 2 vol% DTMS electrolyte. Fig. 4. TEM and SEM images of LRM cathodes after cycling (a), (c) with BE and (b), (d) 2 vol% DTMS electrolyte. Fig. 4. TEM and SEM images of LRM cathodes after cycling (a), (c) with BE and (b), (d) 2 vol% DTMS electrolyte. 4 5 5 64 #/texts/62#prov0 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p4:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 609.43, 253.44, 132.83] (ROCO2Li, ROLi, and Li2CO3) at 286 and 288.8 eV were observed. The peak intensities for the electrolyte with DTMS were lower than those for the BE electrolyte. The same result can be observed in O 1s spectra. The peak i… (ROCO2Li, ROLi, and Li2CO3) at 286 and 288.8 eV were observed. The peak intensities for the electrolyte with DTMS were lower than those for the BE electrolyte. The same result can be observed in O 1s spectra. The peak i… (ROCO2Li, ROLi, and Li2CO3) at 286 and 288.8 eV were observed. The peak intensities for the electrolyte with DTMS were lower than those for the BE electrolyte. The same result can be observed in O 1s spectra. The peak intensities corresponding to C --O (531.9 eV) [17,19], C -O (533.4 eV)[ 25], and Li2CO3 (531.2 eV) [19] for the electrolyte with DTMS were lower. The F 1s peaks at 684.5 and 685.8 eV were assigned to LiF and Me -F [19], respectively. The peak at 56 eV [31] corresponds to LiF in the Li 1s spectra. For the BE electrolyte, the peak intensities of LiF and Me -F are higher in the F 1s spectra. The peaks at 686.9 eV [19] for LixPFy and LixPOyFz in the BE electrolyte are higher than those in the DTMS-containing electrolyte in the F 1s spectra, which may be due to the LiPF6 decomposition. This is in accordance with the P 1s spectra for the peaks of LixPFy (136.5 eV) and LixPOyFz (133.8 eV) [23]. In (ROCO2Li, ROLi, and Li2CO3) at 286 and 288.8 eV were observed. The peak intensities for the electrolyte with DTMS were lower than those for the BE electrolyte. The same result can be observed in O 1s spectra. The peak intensities corresponding to C --O (531.9 eV) [17,19], C -O (533.4 eV)[ 25], and Li2CO3 (531.2 eV) [19] for the electrolyte with DTMS were lower. The F 1s peaks at 684.5 and 685.8 eV were assigned to LiF and Me -F [19], respectively. The peak at 56 eV [31] corresponds to LiF in the Li 1s spectra. For the BE electrolyte, the peak intensities of LiF and Me -F are higher in the F 1s spectra. The peaks at 686.9 eV [19] for LixPFy and LixPOyFz in the BE electrolyte are higher than those in the DTMS-containing electrolyte in the F 1s spectra, which may be due to the LiPF6 decomposition. This is in accordance with the P 1s spectra for the peaks of LixPFy (136.5 eV) and LixPOyFz (133.8 eV) [23]. In 4 6 6 65 #/texts/62#prov1 text body_heading False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 609.43, 253.42, 49.15] conclusion, the peak intensities for the electrolyte decomposition products on the cathode in the DTMS-containing electrolyte were weaker, confirming that the electrolyte decomposition could be inhibited by DTMS. The ex… conclusion, the peak intensities for the electrolyte decomposition products on the cathode in the DTMS-containing electrolyte were weaker, confirming that the electrolyte decomposition could be inhibited by DTMS. The ex… conclusion, the peak intensities for the electrolyte decomposition products on the cathode in the DTMS-containing electrolyte were weaker, confirming that the electrolyte decomposition could be inhibited by DTMS. The existence of Si (Si 2p spectrum) indicates that the film on the cathode is formed from the oxidation of DTMS. conclusion, the peak intensities for the electrolyte decomposition products on the cathode in the DTMS-containing electrolyte were weaker, confirming that the electrolyte decomposition could be inhibited by DTMS. The existence of Si (Si 2p spectrum) indicates that the film on the cathode is formed from the oxidation of DTMS. 4 7 7 66 #/texts/63#prov0 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p4:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.59, 661.76, 253.43, 80.5] The XRD results for the cathodes before and after cycling with the BE and 2% DTMS-containing electrolytes are shown in Fig. 5b: the XRD peak intensity of the cathode in the BE electrolyte reduces drastically after cycli… The XRD results for the cathodes before and after cycling with the BE and 2% DTMS-containing electrolytes are shown in Fig. 5b: the XRD peak intensity of the cathode in the BE electrolyte reduces drastically after cycli… The XRD results for the cathodes before and after cycling with the BE and 2% DTMS-containing electrolytes are shown in Fig. 5b: the XRD peak intensity of the cathode in the BE electrolyte reduces drastically after cycling. The peak (003) broadens and shifts slightly to a higher angle [19], indicating severe structural damage on the LRM electrode in the BE electrolyte. However, after cycling, the LRM electrode with the 2% DTMS-containing electrolyte exhibits almost the same diffraction pattern as that before cycling, indicating that the crystal structure of the The XRD results for the cathodes before and after cycling with the BE and 2% DTMS-containing electrolytes are shown in Fig. 5b: the XRD peak intensity of the cathode in the BE electrolyte reduces drastically after cycling. The peak (003) broadens and shifts slightly to a higher angle [19], indicating severe structural damage on the LRM electrode in the BE electrolyte. However, after cycling, the LRM electrode with the 2% DTMS-containing electrolyte exhibits almost the same diffraction pattern as that before cycling, indicating that the crystal structure of the 4 8 8 67 #/texts/64 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [296.21, 754.45, 3.59, 10.42] 4 4 4 4 5 2 1 68 #/texts/65 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p5:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [433.38, 33.65, 124.91, 10.42] Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 5 1 2 69 #/texts/63#prov1 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header True p5:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 36.99, 463.07, 5.85] T. Huang et al. T. Huang et al. T. Huang et al. T. Huang et al. 5 3 3 70 #/texts/66 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 557.13, 522.17, 16.1] Fig. 5. (a)XPS spectra of LRM cathodes after cycling with BE and 2 vol% DTMS electrolytes. (b) XRD patterns of LRM cathodes and (c) dissolution of transition metal on Li electrode taken from cell after cycling. Fig. 5. (a)XPS spectra of LRM cathodes after cycling with BE and 2 vol% DTMS electrolytes. (b) XRD patterns of LRM cathodes and (c) dissolution of transition metal on Li electrode taken from cell after cycling. Fig. 5. (a)XPS spectra of LRM cathodes after cycling with BE and 2 vol% DTMS electrolytes. (b) XRD patterns of LRM cathodes and (c) dissolution of transition metal on Li electrode taken from cell after cycling. Fig. 5. (a)XPS spectra of LRM cathodes after cycling with BE and 2 vol% DTMS electrolytes. (b) XRD patterns of LRM cathodes and (c) dissolution of transition metal on Li electrode taken from cell after cycling. 5 4 4 71 #/texts/67 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p5:body_region:0 front_matter column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 588.57, 253.44, 80.56] cathode was well maintained in DTMS-containing electrolyte. This further confirms that the DTMS is beneficial for maintaining structure stability during cycling. As shown in Fig. 5c, the Mn, Ni, and Co contents were 0.2… cathode was well maintained in DTMS-containing electrolyte. This further confirms that the DTMS is beneficial for maintaining structure stability during cycling. As shown in Fig. 5c, the Mn, Ni, and Co contents were 0.2… cathode was well maintained in DTMS-containing electrolyte. This further confirms that the DTMS is beneficial for maintaining structure stability during cycling. As shown in Fig. 5c, the Mn, Ni, and Co contents were 0.284, 0.074, and 0.021 ppm, respectively, for the electrolyte without an additive, and 0.73, 0.316, and 0.087 ppm, respectively, for the electrolyte with DTMS. Thus, the XRD and ICP-MS results show that the dissolution of transition metals was suppressed by the protective CEI formed via DTMS oxidation. cathode was well maintained in DTMS-containing electrolyte. This further confirms that the DTMS is beneficial for maintaining structure stability during cycling. As shown in Fig. 5c, the Mn, Ni, and Co contents were 0.284, 0.074, and 0.021 ppm, respectively, for the electrolyte without an additive, and 0.73, 0.316, and 0.087 ppm, respectively, for the electrolyte with DTMS. Thus, the XRD and ICP-MS results show that the dissolution of transition metals was suppressed by the protective CEI formed via DTMS oxidation. 5 5 5 72 #/texts/68 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p5:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 683.75, 124.69, 7.31] 3.3. Interaction of DTMS with HF/F 3.3. Interaction of DTMS with HF/F 3.3. Interaction of DTMS with HF/F 3.3. Interaction of DTMS with HF/F 5 9 9 76 #/texts/71 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [296.21, 754.45, 3.59, 10.42] 5 5 5 5 6 2 1 77 #/texts/72 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [433.38, 33.65, 124.91, 10.42] Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 6 1 2 78 #/texts/70#prov1 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header False None top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 36.99, 463.07, 5.85] T. Huang et al. T. Huang et al. T. Huang et al. T. Huang et al. 6 3 3 79 #/texts/73 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 243.16, 522.15, 16.16] Fig. 6. (a) Discharge profiles of cell during cycling with BE + 1000 ppm HF and 2 vol% DTMS-containing + 1000 ppm HF; F 1s XPS spectra of LRM cathodes after cycling with (b) BE + 1000 ppm HF and (c) 2 vol% DTMS-containi… Fig. 6. (a) Discharge profiles of cell during cycling with BE + 1000 ppm HF and 2 vol% DTMS-containing + 1000 ppm HF; F 1s XPS spectra of LRM cathodes after cycling with (b) BE + 1000 ppm HF and (c) 2 vol% DTMS-containi… Fig. 6. (a) Discharge profiles of cell during cycling with BE + 1000 ppm HF and 2 vol% DTMS-containing + 1000 ppm HF; F 1s XPS spectra of LRM cathodes after cycling with (b) BE + 1000 ppm HF and (c) 2 vol% DTMS-containing + 1000 ppm HF electrolyte. Fig. 6. (a) Discharge profiles of cell during cycling with BE + 1000 ppm HF and 2 vol% DTMS-containing + 1000 ppm HF; F 1s XPS spectra of LRM cathodes after cycling with (b) BE + 1000 ppm HF and (c) 2 vol% DTMS-containing + 1000 ppm HF electrolyte. 6 7 7 83 #/texts/76 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [296.21, 754.45, 3.59, 10.42] 6 6 6 6 7 2 1 84 #/texts/77 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [433.38, 33.65, 124.91, 10.42] Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 Journal of Power Sources 580 (2023) 233437 7 1 2 85 #/texts/75#prov2 text page_margin_header False low page_margin_header page_margin_header True p7:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 36.99, 463.07, 5.85] T. Huang et al. T. Huang et al. T. Huang et al. T. Huang et al. 7 7 5 88 #/texts/82 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p7:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 284.81, 60.27, 7.31] 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions 7 9 7 90 #/texts/84 section_header back_matter_heading False low back_matter_heading back_matter_heading stop_trigger True p7:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 400.63, 164.27, 7.31] CRediT authorship contribution statement CRediT authorship contribution statement CRediT authorship contribution statement CRediT authorship contribution statement 7 10 8 91 #/texts/85 text affiliation False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p7:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 421.55, 253.42, 38.66] Tao Huang: Investigation, Methodology, Writing -original draft. Xiangzhen Zheng: Investigation. Chunfeng Yan: Validation. Ying Pan: Software. Maoxiang Wu: Conceptualization, Writing -review & editing. Tao Huang: Investigation, Methodology, Writing -original draft. Xiangzhen Zheng: Investigation. Chunfeng Yan: Validation. Ying Pan: Software. Maoxiang Wu: Conceptualization, Writing -review & editing. Tao Huang: Investigation, Methodology, Writing -original draft. Xiangzhen Zheng: Investigation. Chunfeng Yan: Validation. Ying Pan: Software. Maoxiang Wu: Conceptualization, Writing -review & editing. Tao Huang: Investigation, Methodology, Writing -original draft. Xiangzhen Zheng: Investigation. Chunfeng Yan: Validation. Ying Pan: Software. Maoxiang Wu: Conceptualization, Writing -review & editing. 7 11 9 92 #/texts/86 section_header back_matter_heading False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p7:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 476.94, 130.92, 7.31] Declaration of competing interest Declaration of competing interest Declaration of competing interest Declaration of competing interest 7 12 10 93 #/texts/87 text unknown_text False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p7:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [49.55, 497.86, 187.21, 7.31] The authors declare no competing financial interest. The authors declare no competing financial interest. The authors declare no competing financial interest. The authors declare no competing financial interest. 7 13 11 94 #/texts/88 section_header back_matter_heading False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p7:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 518.78, 65.84, 7.31] Data availability Data availability Data availability Data availability 7 14 12 95 #/texts/89 text unknown_text False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p7:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [49.55, 539.7, 142.71, 7.31] Data will be made available on request. Data will be made available on request. Data will be made available on request. Data will be made available on request. 7 15 13 96 #/texts/90 section_header back_matter_heading False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p7:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 561.35, 72.63, 7.31] Acknowledgement Acknowledgement Acknowledgement Acknowledgement 7 16 14 97 #/texts/91 text back_matter_text False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p7:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 582.27, 253.44, 28.23] This work was supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Fujian Province (Grant No. 2022H0038, 2020H0037, 2022T3001). This work was supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Fujian Province (Grant No. 2022H0038, 2020H0037, 2022T3001). This work was supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Fujian Province (Grant No. 2022H0038, 2020H0037, 2022T3001). This work was supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Fujian Province (Grant No. 2022H0038, 2020H0037, 2022T3001). 7 17 15 98 #/texts/92 section_header unknown_text False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p7:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 624.85, 130.96, 7.31] Appendix A. Supplementary data Appendix A. Supplementary data Appendix A. Supplementary data Appendix A. Supplementary data 7 18 16 99 #/texts/93 text reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p7:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [37.59, 645.77, 253.41, 17.74] Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233437. Supplementary data to this article can be found online at org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233437. Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233437. 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