page source_page_order layout_page_order layout_order ref label role_guess included_in_body excluded_risk_level body_decision_reason parser_body_decision_reason production_usage visual_asset_type visual_asset_label visual_asset_caption_preview truncation_marker inside_body_region body_region_id zone column column_index column_count region_id background_rgb background_class is_gray_background has_frame_evidence bbox text_preview cleaned_text_preview 1 2 1 0 #/texts/1 text body_heading False low before_body_started before_body_started False None front_matter left_crossing None None p1:front_matter:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [171.89, 99.61, 163.34, 6.95] Materials Research Bulletin 43 (2008) 3543 -3552 Materials Research Bulletin 43 (2008) 3543 -3552 1 1 2 1 #/texts/0 text metadata False low document_web_address document_web_address False None front_matter right None None p1:front_matter:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [391.75, 109.07, 111.36, 6.95] www.elsevier.com/locate/matresbu 1 3 3 2 #/texts/2 section_header body_heading False low first_page_front_matter_heading first_page_front_matter_heading False None front_matter full None None p1:front_matter:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.12, 143.16, 439.71, 54.63] Electrochemical behaviors of Li[Li(1 x )/3Mn(2 x )/3Ni x /3Co x /3]O2 cathode series (0 < x < 1) synthesized by sucrose combustion process for high capacity lithium ion batteries Electrochemical behaviors of Li[Li(1 x )/3Mn(2 x )/3Ni x /3Co x /3]O2 cathode series (0 < x < 1) synthesized by sucrose combustion process for high capacity lithium ion batteries 1 4 4 3 #/texts/3 text affiliation False low first_page_author_or_affiliation first_page_author_or_affiliation False None front_matter left_crossing None None p1:front_matter:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [91.16, 207.17, 357.6, 14.17] Gu-Yeon Kim a, * , Seung-Beob Yi b , Yong Joon Park c , Ho-Gi Kim a Gu-Yeon Kim a, * , Seung-Beob Yi b , Yong Joon Park c , Ho-Gi Kim a 1 5 5 4 #/texts/4 text affiliation False low first_page_author_or_affiliation first_page_author_or_affiliation False None front_matter full None None p1:front_matter:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [59.19, 227.9, 418.91, 18.57] a Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea a Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea 1 6 6 5 #/texts/5 text affiliation False low first_page_author_or_affiliation first_page_author_or_affiliation False None front_matter left_crossing None None p1:front_matter:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [115.03, 247.86, 307.31, 8.59] b Energy Business Division Development Team, SAMSUNG SDI, 508 Sungsung-dong, Chenan, b Energy Business Division Development Team, SAMSUNG SDI, 508 Sungsung-dong, Chenan, 1 7 7 6 #/texts/6 text affiliation False low first_page_author_or_affiliation first_page_author_or_affiliation False None front_matter left_crossing None None p1:front_matter:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [189.24, 259.66, 161.46, 6.77] Chungcheongnam-do 330-300, Republic of Korea Chungcheongnam-do 330-300, Republic of Korea 1 8 8 7 #/texts/7 text affiliation False low first_page_author_or_affiliation first_page_author_or_affiliation False None front_matter left_crossing None None p1:front_matter:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [95.64, 267.76, 346.04, 8.65] c Division of Advanced Industrial Engineering, Kyonggi University, 94-6 Yiui-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, c Division of Advanced Industrial Engineering, Kyonggi University, 94-6 Yiui-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 1 9 9 8 #/texts/8 text affiliation False low first_page_author_or_affiliation first_page_author_or_affiliation False None front_matter left_crossing None None p1:front_matter:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [219.35, 279.56, 101.26, 6.77] Kyonggi-do, Republic of Korea Kyonggi-do, Republic of Korea 1 10 10 9 #/texts/9 text reference False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata False None front_matter left_crossing None None p1:front_matter:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [105.45, 292.47, 329.04, 16.93] Received 9 November 2007; received in revised form 21 December 2007; accepted 17 January 2008 Available online 29 January 2008 Received 9 November 2007; received in revised form 21 December 2007; accepted 17 January 2008 Available online 29 January 2008 1 11 11 10 #/texts/10 section_header abstract_heading False low abstract_heading abstract_heading False None front_matter left None None p1:front_matter:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [36.85, 329.56, 33.31, 7.9] Abstract Abstract 1 12 12 11 #/texts/11 text reference False low first_page_summary first_page_summary False None front_matter full None None p1:front_matter:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [36.85, 346.64, 466.27, 73.59] A mixed cathode material between Li2MnO3 and Li[Mn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3]O2 for high capacity lithium secondary batteries was introduced in this study. It was prepared using the sucrose combustion process because this is a simpl… A mixed cathode material between Li2MnO3 and Li[Mn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3]O2 for high capacity lithium secondary batteries was introduced in this study. It was prepared using the sucrose combustion process because this is a simpl… 1 13 13 12 #/texts/12 text front_matter_heading False low front_matter_heading front_matter_heading False None front_matter full None None p1:front_matter:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [36.85, 431.43, 408.25, 6.95] Keywords: A. Inorganic compounds; B. Chemical synthesis; C. XAFS (EXAFS and XANES); D. Electrochemical properties Keywords: A. Inorganic compounds; B. Chemical synthesis; C. XAFS (EXAFS and XANES); D. Electrochemical properties 1 14 14 13 #/texts/13 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading False None body_zone left None None p1:body_zone:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [36.85, 473.51, 66.61, 8.78] 1. Introduction 1. Introduction 1 15 15 14 #/texts/14 text body True None body body False None body_zone full None None p1:body_zone:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [36.85, 497.57, 466.25, 68.45] The Li-ion secondary battery industry has rapidly developed, as there have been many advances in technology regarding mobile electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptop computers and HEVs. As a cathode for lithium … The Li-ion secondary battery industry has rapidly developed, as there have been many advances in technology regarding mobile electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptop computers and HEVs. As a cathode for lithium … 1 16 16 15 #/texts/15 text body True None body body False None body_zone full None None p1:body_zone:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [36.85, 569.29, 466.24, 33.56] Thus, numerous investigations have been made into the realization of high-capacity batteries using solid solution compounds between two cathodes. Hong et al. reported a solid solution of Li[Ni0.20Li0.20Mn0.60]O2 and Li[… Thus, numerous investigations have been made into the realization of high-capacity batteries using solid solution compounds between two cathodes. Hong et al. reported a solid solution of Li[Ni0.20Li0.20Mn0.60]O2 and Li[… 1 17 17 16 #/texts/16 footnote footnote False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata False None body_zone left None None p1:body_zone:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.39, 633.6, 172.87, 16.93] * Corresponding author. Fax: +82 42 869 8650. E-mail address: antiserra@kaist.ac.kr (G.-Y. Kim). * Corresponding author. Fax: +82 42 869 8650. E-mail address: antiserra@kaist.ac.kr (G.-Y. Kim). 1 18 18 17 #/texts/17 page_footer page_footer False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata False None body_zone left_crossing None None p1:body_zone:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [36.85, 665.33, 240.11, 17.06] 0025-5408/$ -see front matter # 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.materresbull.2008.01.011 0025-5408/$ -see front matter # 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.materresbull.2008.01.011 2 1 1 18 #/texts/18 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin left None None p2:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 45.41, 15.94, 6.95] 3544 3544 2 2 2 19 #/texts/19 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin right_crossing None None p2:top_margin:right_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [164.3, 45.41, 219.98, 6.95] G.-Y. Kim et al. / Materials Research Bulletin 43 (2008) 3543 -3552 G.-Y. Kim et al. / Materials Research Bulletin 43 (2008) 3543 -3552 2 3 3 20 #/texts/20 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None front_matter left_crossing None None p2:front_matter:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 63.78, 274.88, 16.93] Table 1 c/a values, lattice parameters and theoretical capacity of layered oxide compositions Table 1 c/a values, lattice parameters and theoretical capacity of layered oxide compositions 2 4 4 21 #/texts/21 text body True None body body False None front_matter full None None p2:front_matter:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 172.04, 466.18, 20.65] Moreover, a Li[Li1/3 2 x /3Mn2/3 x /3Ni x ]O2 solid solution between Li2MnO3 and Li[Mn x Ni1 x ]O2 is known to be a high capacity cathode material [4,5,6,7]. Moreover, a Li[Li1/3 2 x /3Mn2/3 x /3Ni x ]O2 solid solution between Li2MnO3 and Li[Mn x Ni1 x ]O2 is known to be a high capacity cathode material [4,5,6,7]. 2 5 5 22 #/texts/22 text body True None body body False None front_matter full None None p2:front_matter:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 195.97, 466.24, 80.41] Recently, investigations of solid solutions between Li2MnO3 and other cathode materials have been reported [8]. There are two advantages of a solid solution between Li2MnO3 and other layered cathode materials. First, th… Recently, investigations of solid solutions between Li2MnO3 and other cathode materials have been reported [8]. There are two advantages of a solid solution between Li2MnO3 and other layered cathode materials. First, th… 2 6 6 23 #/texts/23 text body True None body body False None front_matter full None None p2:front_matter:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 279.65, 466.24, 68.44] In the present work, mixed compounds of Li[Li1 x /3Mn2 x /3Ni x /3Co x /3]O2, as composed of Li2MnO3 and Li[Ni1/ 3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 were synthesized via a SCP (Sucrose Combustion Process) method. Compared with other syn… In the present work, mixed compounds of Li[Li1 x /3Mn2 x /3Ni x /3Co x /3]O2, as composed of Li2MnO3 and Li[Ni1/ 3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 were synthesized via a SCP (Sucrose Combustion Process) method. Compared with other syn… 2 7 7 24 #/texts/24 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading False None body_zone left None None p2:body_zone:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 363.19, 70.77, 8.78] 2. Experimental 2. Experimental 2 8 8 25 #/texts/25 text body True None body body False None body_zone full None None p2:body_zone:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 387.25, 466.25, 235.86] Mixed compounds Li[Li(1 x )/3Mn(2 x )/3Ni x /3Co x /3]O2 composed of Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 and Li2MnO3 were prepared by a SCP method from LiNO3, Mn(NO3)2  6H2O, Ni(NO3)2  6H2O and Co(NO3)2  6H2O as precursors. In… Mixed compounds Li[Li(1 x )/3Mn(2 x )/3Ni x /3Co x /3]O2 composed of Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 and Li2MnO3 were prepared by a SCP method from LiNO3, Mn(NO3)2  6H2O, Ni(NO3)2  6H2O and Co(NO3)2  6H2O as precursors. In… 2 9 9 26 #/texts/26 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading False None body_zone left None None p2:body_zone:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 638.15, 109.24, 8.78] 3. Results and discussion 3. Results and discussion 2 10 10 27 #/texts/27#prov0 text body True None body body False None bottom_margin full None None p2:bottom_margin:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 662.21, 466.19, 21.6] Fig. 1 shows X-ray diffraction patterns of the Li[Li(1 x )/3Mn(2 x )/3Ni x /3Co x /3]O2 cathode materials. The XRD data is indexed with that of layered LiCoO2 ( a -NaFeO2 type, space group R-3m, hexagonal). It has b… Fig. 1 shows X-ray diffraction patterns of the Li[Li(1 x )/3Mn(2 x )/3Ni x /3Co x /3]O2 cathode materials. The XRD data is indexed with that of layered LiCoO2 ( a -NaFeO2 type, space group R-3m, hexagonal). It has b… 3 2 1 28 #/texts/28 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin left_crossing None None p3:top_margin:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [159.99, 45.41, 219.98, 6.95] G.-Y. Kim et al. / Materials Research Bulletin 43 (2008) 3543 -3552 G.-Y. Kim et al. / Materials Research Bulletin 43 (2008) 3543 -3552 3 3 2 29 #/texts/29 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin right None None p3:top_margin:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [487.22, 45.41, 15.94, 6.95] 3545 3545 3 4 3 30 #/texts/30 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body left_crossing None None p3:page_body:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [133.11, 243.89, 273.72, 7.7] Fig. 1. XRD patterns of mixed compounds of Li2MnO3 and Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2. Fig. 1. XRD patterns of mixed compounds of Li2MnO3 and Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2. 3 1 4 31 #/texts/27#prov1 text body True None body body False None page_body full None None p3:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [36.85, 267.69, 466.24, 45.52] layered structures showed a good splitting of the peaks assigned to (108, 110) with c/a values higher than 4.899 [10]. The clearly split (108, 110) pairs and the c/a ratio (when higher than 4.899) in all compositions of… layered structures showed a good splitting of the peaks assigned to (108, 110) with c/a values higher than 4.899 [10]. The clearly split (108, 110) pairs and the c/a ratio (when higher than 4.899) in all compositions of… 3 5 5 32 #/texts/31 text body True None body body False None page_body full None None p3:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [36.85, 315.04, 466.26, 68.94] The XRD data at compositions of x = 0.1 and x = 0.3 show superlattice peaks in the range of 21 -23 8 which cannot be indexed to R-3m symmetry. These superlattice peaks have been considered to reflect the degree of catio… The XRD data at compositions of x = 0.1 and x = 0.3 show superlattice peaks in the range of 21 -23 8 which cannot be indexed to R-3m symmetry. These superlattice peaks have been considered to reflect the degree of catio… 3 6 6 33 #/texts/32 text body True None body body False None page_body full None None p3:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [36.85, 387.25, 466.25, 80.41] SEM images of Li[Li(1 x )/3Mn(2 x )/3Ni x /3Co x /3]O2 are shown in Fig. 2. The particle sizes measured via Malvern Mastersize S were 1.24, 1.17, 0.84, 1.44, 1.88 and 3.04 m mat x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.0, … SEM images of Li[Li(1 x )/3Mn(2 x )/3Ni x /3Co x /3]O2 are shown in Fig. 2. The particle sizes measured via Malvern Mastersize S were 1.24, 1.17, 0.84, 1.44, 1.88 and 3.04 m mat x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.0, … 3 7 7 34 #/texts/33 text body True None body body False None page_body full None None p3:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [36.85, 470.93, 466.22, 44.58] Fig. 3 shows the initial charge/discharge curves for all compositions during the first cycle. The measurement was carried out between 2.0 and 4.8 Vat a constant current density of 0.2 C rate. Two plateaus were observed … Fig. 3 shows the initial charge/discharge curves for all compositions during the first cycle. The measurement was carried out between 2.0 and 4.8 Vat a constant current density of 0.2 C rate. Two plateaus were observed … 3 8 8 35 #/texts/34#prov0 text body True None body body False None bottom_margin full None None p3:bottom_margin:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [36.85, 518.78, 466.27, 165.03] Fig. 4(a) shows the charge/discharge capacity. The sample at x = 0.1 shows a low discharge capacity of 12 mAh/g, as also reported by Gopukumar and coworkers [13], and the sample at x = 0.5 shows the highest discharge ca… Fig. 4(a) shows the charge/discharge capacity. The sample at x = 0.1 shows a low discharge capacity of 12 mAh/g, as also reported by Gopukumar and coworkers [13], and the sample at x = 0.5 shows the highest discharge ca… 4 2 1 36 #/texts/35 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin left None None p4:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 45.41, 15.94, 6.95] 3546 3546 4 3 2 37 #/texts/36 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin right_crossing None None p4:top_margin:right_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [164.3, 45.41, 219.98, 6.95] G.-Y. Kim et al. / Materials Research Bulletin 43 (2008) 3543 -3552 G.-Y. Kim et al. / Materials Research Bulletin 43 (2008) 3543 -3552 4 4 3 38 #/texts/37 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body full None None p4:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [48.59, 562.05, 451.38, 7.7] Fig. 2. SEM images of mixed compounds of Li2MnO3 and Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2. x = (a) 1.0, (b) 0.9, (c) 0.7, (d) 0.5, (e) 0.3 and (f) 0.1. Fig. 2. SEM images of mixed compounds of Li2MnO3 and Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2. x = (a) 1.0, (b) 0.9, (c) 0.7, (d) 0.5, (e) 0.3 and (f) 0.1. 4 1 4 39 #/texts/34#prov1 text body True None body body False None page_body full None None p4:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 602.46, 466.22, 44.52] by itself, the Li2MnO3 inside a domain structure is active when the voltage is higher than 4.4 V. When charged, one Li2MnO3 loses one O 2 ion and two Li + ions in forms of Li2O at above 4.4 V and becomes MnO2. When di… by itself, the Li2MnO3 inside a domain structure is active when the voltage is higher than 4.4 V. When charged, one Li2MnO3 loses one O 2 ion and two Li + ions in forms of Li2O at above 4.4 V and becomes MnO2. When di… 4 5 5 40 #/texts/38 text body True None body body False None page_body full None None p4:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 650.25, 466.2, 32.62] Considering the results shown in Fig. 4(a) and (b), it was determined that the optimized composition is x = 0.5, as the compounds of x = 0.5 and Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/6Co1/6]O2 incorporate the advantages of both structural s… Considering the results shown in Fig. 4(a) and (b), it was determined that the optimized composition is x = 0.5, as the compounds of x = 0.5 and Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/6Co1/6]O2 incorporate the advantages of both structural s… 5 1 1 41 #/texts/39 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin left_crossing None None p5:top_margin:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [159.99, 45.41, 219.98, 6.95] G.-Y. Kim et al. / Materials Research Bulletin 43 (2008) 3543 -3552 G.-Y. Kim et al. / Materials Research Bulletin 43 (2008) 3543 -3552 5 2 2 42 #/texts/40 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin right None None p5:top_margin:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [487.22, 45.41, 15.94, 6.95] 3547 3547 5 3 3 43 #/texts/41 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body left_crossing None None p5:page_body:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [108.17, 434.43, 323.61, 7.75] Fig. 3. First charge/discharge curves of mixed compounds of Li2MnO3 and Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2. Fig. 3. First charge/discharge curves of mixed compounds of Li2MnO3 and Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2. 5 4 4 44 #/texts/42 text body True None body body False None page_body full None None p5:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [36.85, 470.93, 466.29, 92.37] Fig. 5 shows the cyclic performance levels for the cells with the Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/6Co1/6]O2 cathode material after fifty cycles between 2.0 and 4.8 V at a 0.2 C rate. Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/6Co1/6]O2 compounds showed very st… Fig. 5 shows the cyclic performance levels for the cells with the Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/6Co1/6]O2 cathode material after fifty cycles between 2.0 and 4.8 V at a 0.2 C rate. Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/6Co1/6]O2 compounds showed very st… 5 5 5 45 #/texts/43#prov0 text body True None body body False None page_body full None None p5:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [36.85, 566.57, 466.26, 116.29] In order to observe these reactions during a charge/discharge process, Mn, Co and Ni K-edge XANES measurements were made of Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/6Co1/6]O2 as a function of the degree of charge. The cycling curve of Li[Li1/6… In order to observe these reactions during a charge/discharge process, Mn, Co and Ni K-edge XANES measurements were made of Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/6Co1/6]O2 as a function of the degree of charge. The cycling curve of Li[Li1/6… 6 2 1 46 #/texts/44 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin left None None p6:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 45.41, 15.94, 6.95] 3548 3548 6 3 2 47 #/texts/45 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin right_crossing None None p6:top_margin:right_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [164.3, 45.41, 219.98, 6.95] G.-Y. Kim et al. / Materials Research Bulletin 43 (2008) 3543 -3552 G.-Y. Kim et al. / Materials Research Bulletin 43 (2008) 3543 -3552 6 4 3 48 #/texts/46 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body full None None p6:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 446.26, 466.28, 27.33] Fig. 4. (a) Electrochemical properties of mixed compounds ofLi2MnO3 and Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2: ( & ) charge capacity and ( * ) discharge capacity. (b) Electrochemical properties of mixed compounds of Li2MnO3 and Li[Ni1/… Fig. 4. (a) Electrochemical properties of mixed compounds ofLi2MnO3 and Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2: ( & ) charge capacity and ( * ) discharge capacity. (b) Electrochemical properties of mixed compounds of Li2MnO3 and Li[Ni1/… 6 1 4 49 #/texts/43#prov1 text body True None body body False None page_body full None None p6:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 506.82, 466.22, 20.65] compounds (scan 0) are tetravalent, trivalent and divalent state, respectively, which corresponds to results reported by other research groups [15,16,17,18]. compounds (scan 0) are tetravalent, trivalent and divalent state, respectively, which corresponds to results reported by other research groups [15,16,17,18]. 6 5 5 50 #/texts/47 text body True None body body False None page_body full None None p6:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 530.68, 466.24, 152.18] Fig. 8(a) -(c) shows the change of the valence state of Mn, Co and Ni ions, respectively, in the Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/ 6Co1/6]O2 during first charge measurement. It can be seen in Fig. 8(a) that the edge shape of the Mn ion… Fig. 8(a) -(c) shows the change of the valence state of Mn, Co and Ni ions, respectively, in the Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/ 6Co1/6]O2 during first charge measurement. It can be seen in Fig. 8(a) that the edge shape of the Mn ion… 7 1 1 51 #/texts/48 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin left_crossing None None p7:top_margin:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [159.99, 45.41, 219.98, 6.95] G.-Y. Kim et al. / Materials Research Bulletin 43 (2008) 3543 -3552 G.-Y. Kim et al. / Materials Research Bulletin 43 (2008) 3543 -3552 7 2 2 52 #/texts/49 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin right None None p7:top_margin:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [487.22, 45.41, 15.94, 6.95] 3549 3549 7 3 3 53 #/texts/50 caption caption False low docling_caption docling_caption False None page_body left_crossing None None p7:page_body:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [123.87, 248.31, 292.28, 7.75] Fig. 5. Cycle performance of the Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/6Co1/6]O2 compound after fifty cycles. Fig. 5. Cycle performance of the Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/6Co1/6]O2 compound after fifty cycles. 7 4 4 54 #/texts/51 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body full None None p7:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [55.39, 464.42, 429.17, 7.7] Fig. 6. Cyclic voltammograms of the Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/6Co1/6]O2 compound. Scan rate is 0.1 mV/s. The voltage range is 2.0 -4.8 V. Fig. 6. Cyclic voltammograms of the Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/6Co1/6]O2 compound. Scan rate is 0.1 mV/s. The voltage range is 2.0 -4.8 V. 7 5 5 55 #/texts/52 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body left_crossing None None p7:page_body:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [82.94, 675.32, 374.11, 6.95] Fig. 7. Voltage profile of the cell during two cycles. Representative scans of XANES measurements are indicated. Fig. 7. Voltage profile of the cell during two cycles. Representative scans of XANES measurements are indicated. 8 1 1 56 #/texts/53 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin left None None p8:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 45.41, 15.94, 6.95] 3550 3550 8 2 2 57 #/texts/54 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin right_crossing None None p8:top_margin:right_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [164.3, 45.41, 219.98, 6.95] G.-Y. Kim et al. / Materials Research Bulletin 43 (2008) 3543 -3552 G.-Y. Kim et al. / Materials Research Bulletin 43 (2008) 3543 -3552 8 3 3 58 #/texts/55 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body full None None p8:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 625.94, 466.25, 26.91] Fig. 8. (a) Mn K-edge XANES spectra for the Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/6Co1/6]O2 compound during the first charge process. (b) Co K-edge XANES spectra for the Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/6Co1/6]O2 compound during the first charge process. (… Fig. 8. (a) Mn K-edge XANES spectra for the Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/6Co1/6]O2 compound during the first charge process. (b) Co K-edge XANES spectra for the Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/6Co1/6]O2 compound during the first charge process. (… 9 1 1 59 #/texts/56 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin left_crossing None None p9:top_margin:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [159.99, 45.41, 219.98, 6.95] G.-Y. Kim et al. / Materials Research Bulletin 43 (2008) 3543 -3552 G.-Y. Kim et al. / Materials Research Bulletin 43 (2008) 3543 -3552 9 2 2 60 #/texts/57 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin right None None p9:top_margin:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [487.22, 45.41, 15.94, 6.95] 3551 3551 9 3 3 61 #/texts/58 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body full None None p9:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [36.85, 613.58, 466.26, 17.68] Fig. 9. (a) Mn K-edge XANES spectra for the Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/6Co1/6]O2 compound during 2 cycles. (b) Co K-edge XANES spectra for the Li[Li1/ 6Mn1/2Ni1/6Co1/6]O2 compound during 2 cycles. (c) Ni K-edge XANES spectra for … Fig. 9. (a) Mn K-edge XANES spectra for the Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/6Co1/6]O2 compound during 2 cycles. (b) Co K-edge XANES spectra for the Li[Li1/ 6Mn1/2Ni1/6Co1/6]O2 compound during 2 cycles. (c) Ni K-edge XANES spectra for … 10 1 1 62 #/texts/59 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin left None None p10:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 45.4, 15.94, 6.95] 3552 3552 10 2 2 63 #/texts/60 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin right_crossing None None p10:top_margin:right_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [164.3, 45.4, 219.98, 6.95] G.-Y. Kim et al. / Materials Research Bulletin 43 (2008) 3543 -3552 G.-Y. Kim et al. / Materials Research Bulletin 43 (2008) 3543 -3552 10 3 3 64 #/texts/61 text body True None body body False None front_matter full None None p10:front_matter:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 64.44, 466.25, 128.26] Fig. 9(a) -(c) shows the change in the valence states of Mn, Co and Ni ions, respectively, in the Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/ 6Co1/6]O2 during two cycles and after fifty cycles. It is shown in Fig. 9(a) that the entire edge of th… Fig. 9(a) -(c) shows the change in the valence states of Mn, Co and Ni ions, respectively, in the Li[Li1/6Mn1/2Ni1/ 6Co1/6]O2 during two cycles and after fifty cycles. It is shown in Fig. 9(a) that the entire edge of th… 10 4 4 65 #/texts/62 text body True None body body False None front_matter full None None p10:front_matter:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 193.75, 466.18, 34.84] Considering the XANES results, it can be concluded that the redox reactions of Ni (Ni 2+ $ Ni 3+ ) ions and Co (Co 3+ $ Co 3.5+ ) are dominant at a 4.1 V plateau during charge/discharge cycles, whereas the valence state… Considering the XANES results, it can be concluded that the redox reactions of Ni (Ni 2+ $ Ni 3+ ) ions and Co (Co 3+ $ Co 3.5+ ) are dominant at a 4.1 V plateau during charge/discharge cycles, whereas the valence state… 10 5 5 66 #/texts/63 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading False None body_zone left None None p10:body_zone:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 243.68, 63.93, 8.78] 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions 10 6 6 67 #/texts/64 text body True None body body False None body_zone full None None p10:body_zone:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 267.68, 466.21, 56.54] As an alternative cathode material to LiCoO2, Li[Li1 x /3Mn2 x /3Ni x /3Co x /3]O2 powders ( x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9) were investigated. The powders were synthesized easily using a sucrose combustion process.… As an alternative cathode material to LiCoO2, Li[Li1 x /3Mn2 x /3Ni x /3Co x /3]O2 powders ( x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9) were investigated. The powders were synthesized easily using a sucrose combustion process.… 10 7 7 68 #/texts/65 text body True None body body False None body_zone full None None p10:body_zone:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 327.5, 466.22, 44.52] Via XANES spectra measurements, the electrochemical reaction of Ni and Co ions at 4.1 V ions is reversible during charge/discharge cycling. The local environmental change of Mn ions is irreversible during the first cycl… Via XANES spectra measurements, the electrochemical reaction of Ni and Co ions at 4.1 V ions is reversible during charge/discharge cycling. The local environmental change of Mn ions is irreversible during the first cycl… 10 8 8 69 #/texts/66 section_header back_matter_heading False low back_matter_heading back_matter_heading stop_trigger False None body_zone left None None p10:body_zone:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [41.16, 387.11, 78.62, 8.78] Acknowledgement Acknowledgement 10 9 9 70 #/texts/67 text body_candidate_excluded False medium after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None body_zone left_crossing None None p10:body_zone:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [53.07, 411.17, 240.66, 8.69] Experiments at PLS were supported in part by POSTECH. 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