page source_page_order layout_page_order layout_order ref label role_guess included_in_body excluded_risk_level body_decision_reason parser_body_decision_reason production_usage visual_asset_type visual_asset_label visual_asset_caption_preview truncation_marker inside_body_region body_region_id zone column column_index column_count region_id background_rgb background_class is_gray_background has_frame_evidence bbox text_preview cleaned_text_preview text cleaned_text 1 1 1 0 #/texts/0 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p1:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 42.64, 139.03, 15.76] nature materials nature materials nature materials nature materials 1 2 2 1 #/texts/1 section_header unknown_text False medium first_page_front_matter_heading first_page_front_matter_heading True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 95.56, 35.09, 8.73] Artic e Artic e Artic e Artic e 1 3 3 2 #/texts/2 text metadata False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [238, 244, 249] gray True False [392.65, 96.99, 168.61, 7.0] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z 1 4 4 3 #/texts/3 section_header unknown_text False high first_page_front_matter_heading first_page_front_matter_heading True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.68, 115.3, 498.52, 52.07] Trapped O2 and the origin of voltage fade in layered Li-rich cathodes Trapped O2 and the origin of voltage fade in layered Li-rich cathodes Trapped O2 and the origin of voltage fade in layered Li-rich cathodes Trapped O2 and the origin of voltage fade in layered Li-rich cathodes 1 5 5 4 #/texts/4 text metadata False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [39.69, 210.69, 113.18, 7.44] Received: 15 December 2021 Received: 15 December 2021 Received: 15 December 2021 Received: 15 December 2021 1 6 6 5 #/texts/5 text unknown_text False medium outside_body_flow outside_body_flow True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 230.37, 107.64, 7.44] Accepted: 6 February 2024 Accepted: 6 February 2024 Accepted: 6 February 2024 Accepted: 6 February 2024 1 9 7 6 #/texts/8 text body_candidate_excluded False medium before_body_started before_body_started True p1:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [217.33, 208.87, 302.05, 34.88] John-Joseph Marie 1,2 , Robert A. House 1,2 , Gregory J. Rees 1,2 , Alex W. Robertson 1 , Max Jenkins 1 , Jun Chen 1 , Stefano Agrestini 3 Mirian Garcia-Fernandez 3 , Ke-Jin Zhou 3 & Peter G. Bruce 1,2,4 John-Joseph Marie 1,2 , Robert A. House 1,2 , Gregory J. Rees 1,2 , Alex W. Robertson 1 , Max Jenkins 1 , Jun Chen 1 , Stefano Agrestini 3 Mirian Garcia-Fernandez 3 , Ke-Jin Zhou 3 & Peter G. Bruce 1,2,4 John-Joseph Marie 1,2 , Robert A. House 1,2 , Gregory J. Rees 1,2 , Alex W. Robertson 1 , Max Jenkins 1 , Jun Chen 1 , Stefano Agrestini 3 Mirian Garcia-Fernandez 3 , Ke-Jin Zhou 3 & Peter G. Bruce 1,2,4 John-Joseph Marie 1,2 , Robert A. House 1,2 , Gregory J. Rees 1,2 , Alex W. Robertson 1 , Max Jenkins 1 , Jun Chen 1 , Stefano Agrestini 3 Mirian Garcia-Fernandez 3 , Ke-Jin Zhou 3 & Peter G. Bruce 1,2,4 1 10 8 7 #/texts/9 text unknown_text False low before_body_started before_body_started True p1:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [519.22, 222.9, 4.81, 8.09] , , 1 7 9 8 #/texts/6 text metadata False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 250.49, 105.34, 7.29] Published online: 1 March 2024 Published online: 1 March 2024 Published online: 1 March 2024 Published online: 1 March 2024 1 8 10 9 #/texts/7 text unknown_text False medium outside_body_flow outside_body_flow True p1:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [50.44, 270.01, 73.69, 7.44] Check for updates Check for updates Check for updates Check for updates 1 15 15 14 #/texts/14 footnote footnote False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 726.36, 448.43, 7.62] 1 Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 2 The Faraday Institution, Didcot, UK. 3 Diamond Light Source, Didcot, UK. 1 Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 2 The Faraday Institution, Didcot, UK. 3 Diamond Light Source, Didcot, UK. 1 Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 2 The Faraday Institution, Didcot, UK. 3 Diamond Light Source, Didcot, UK. 1 Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 2 The Faraday Institution, Didcot, UK. 3 Diamond Light Source, Didcot, UK. 1 16 16 15 #/texts/15 footnote footnote False low first_page_metadata first_page_metadata True p1:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 737.11, 465.54, 7.62] 4 Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. e-mail: robert.house@materials.ox.ac.uk; peter.bruce@materials.ox.ac.uk 4 Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. e-mail: robert.house@materials.ox.ac.uk; peter.bruce@materials.ox.ac.uk 4 Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. e-mail: robert.house@materials.ox.ac.uk; peter.bruce@materials.ox.ac.uk 4 Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. e-mail: robert.house@materials.ox.ac.uk; peter.bruce@materials.ox.ac.uk 1 17 17 16 #/texts/16 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p1:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p1:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [39.69, 763.46, 185.86, 7.0] Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 1 18 18 17 #/texts/17 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p1:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p1:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [254, 254, 254] white False True [548.14, 763.81, 13.91, 6.99] 818 818 818 818 2 2 1 18 #/texts/18 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p2:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 24.45, 31.06, 8.75] Article Article Article Article 2 5 4 21 #/texts/21 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p2:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 284.25, 157.2, 21.97] Voltage fade characteristics in Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13Mn0.54O2 Voltage fade characteristics in Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13Mn0.54O2 Voltage fade characteristics in Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13Mn0.54O2 Voltage fade characteristics in Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13Mn0.54O2 2 7 6 23 #/texts/23 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p2:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 649.75, 131.28, 9.95] Redox changes on cycling Redox changes on cycling Redox changes on cycling Redox changes on cycling 2 72 8 25 #/texts/90 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p2:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p2:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [39.69, 763.46, 185.86, 7.0] Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 2 3 9 26 #/texts/19 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p2:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:top_margin:column_2_of_2:off_white [243, 247, 250] off_white False False [392.65, 25.88, 176.63, 6.99] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z 2 9 10 27 #/texts/25 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.88, 48.33, 5.44, 8.12] a a a a 2 39 11 28 #/texts/55 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [440.52, 67.56, 11.95, 4.82] Li/Ni Li/Ni Li/Ni Li/Ni 2 40 12 29 #/texts/56 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [248, 248, 248] white False False [437.2, 78.13, 17.51, 4.82] Co/Mn Co/Mn Co/Mn Co/Mn 2 41 13 30 #/texts/57 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [250, 250, 250] white False False [322.81, 91.01, 18.45, 4.82] Li layer Li layer Li layer Li layer 2 42 14 31 #/texts/58 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [319.47, 103.9, 21.79, 4.82] TM layer TM layer TM layer TM layer 2 37 15 32 #/texts/53 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [252, 252, 252] white False False [331.01, 124.37, 3.14, 4.82] c c c c 2 11 16 33 #/texts/27 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:front_matter:front_panel:gray [241, 241, 241] gray True False [437.68, 124.37, 2.97, 4.82] a a a a 2 12 17 34 #/texts/28 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:front_matter:front_panel:gray [241, 241, 241] gray True False [455.22, 143.24, 3.45, 4.82] b b b b 2 38 18 35 #/texts/54 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [348.38, 143.24, 3.45, 4.82] b b b b 2 10 19 36 #/texts/26 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [306.88, 157.3, 6.01, 8.12] b b b b 2 13 20 37 #/texts/29 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [435.29, 157.3, 5.45, 8.12] c c c c 2 25 21 38 #/texts/41 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [447.59, 161.28, 8.53, 4.82] 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 2 61 22 39 #/texts/77 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:front_matter:front_panel:gray [212, 212, 212] gray True True [320.88, 166.91, 3.05, 4.82] 2 2 2 2 2 45 23 40 #/texts/61 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [308.97, 167.15, 5.7, 24.62] counts) counts) counts) counts) 2 62 24 41 #/texts/78 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:front_matter:front_panel:gray [240, 240, 240] gray True False [382.3, 168.26, 25.26, 4.82] Observed Observed Observed Observed 2 34 25 42 #/texts/50 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [436.42, 171.2, 5.7, 17.89] /Li (V) /Li (V) /Li (V) /Li (V) 2 24 26 43 #/texts/40 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [447.94, 173.81, 8.18, 4.82] 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 2 63 27 44 #/texts/79 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:front_matter:front_panel:gray [238, 238, 238] gray True False [382.3, 174.27, 28.11, 4.82] Calculated Calculated Calculated Calculated 2 31 28 45 #/texts/47 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 front_matter column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:front_matter:front_panel:gray [243, 243, 243] gray True True [537.35, 177.14, 6.79, 4.82] 1st 1st 1st 1st 2 64 29 46 #/texts/80 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray [227, 227, 227] gray True True [382.3, 179.95, 31.22, 4.82] Background Background Background Background 2 30 30 47 #/texts/46 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [537.35, 182.79, 9.79, 4.82] 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 2 65 31 48 #/texts/81 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [250, 250, 250] white False False [382.3, 185.82, 26.59, 4.82] Difference Difference Difference Difference 2 23 32 49 #/texts/39 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [253, 253, 253] white False False [447.43, 186.2, 8.69, 4.82] 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 2 29 33 50 #/texts/45 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray [223, 223, 223] gray True True [537.35, 188.45, 8.47, 4.82] 5th 5th 5th 5th 2 33 34 51 #/texts/49 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [434.85, 189.09, 3.95, 2.34] + + 2 66 35 52 #/texts/82 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray [235, 235, 235] gray True True [382.3, 191.28, 37.6, 4.82] Bragg position Bragg position Bragg position Bragg position 2 32 36 53 #/texts/48 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [436.42, 191.42, 5.7, 38.67] Voltage vs Li Voltage vs Li Voltage vs Li Voltage vs Li 2 44 37 54 #/texts/60 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray [240, 240, 240] gray True True [307.4, 191.78, 3.95, 2.64] 5 5 5 5 2 28 38 55 #/texts/44 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray [239, 239, 239] gray True True [537.35, 194.1, 12.04, 4.82] 20th 20th 20th 20th 2 43 39 56 #/texts/59 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [308.97, 194.42, 5.7, 39.98] Intensity (×10 Intensity (×10 Intensity (×10 Intensity (×10 2 60 40 57 #/texts/76 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [321.73, 197.29, 2.2, 4.82] 1 1 1 1 2 22 41 58 #/texts/38 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray [243, 243, 243] gray True False [448.01, 198.75, 8.1, 4.82] 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 2 27 42 59 #/texts/43 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray [224, 224, 224] gray True True [537.35, 199.77, 12.4, 4.82] 60th 60th 60th 60th 2 26 43 60 #/texts/42 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:off_white [247, 247, 247] off_white False True [537.35, 205.42, 14.93, 4.82] 100th 100th 100th 100th 2 21 44 61 #/texts/37 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [248, 248, 248] white False False [447.5, 211.29, 8.62, 4.82] 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2 20 45 62 #/texts/36 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [448.29, 223.84, 7.83, 4.82] 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 59 46 63 #/texts/75 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray [243, 243, 243] gray True True [320.18, 227.66, 3.75, 4.82] 0 0 0 0 2 19 47 64 #/texts/35 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [447.77, 236.37, 8.35, 4.82] 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2 51 48 65 #/texts/67 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray [244, 244, 244] gray True False [331.2, 244.0, 6.79, 4.82] 20 20 20 20 2 52 49 66 #/texts/68 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray [215, 215, 215] gray True True [343.56, 244.0, 7.07, 4.82] 30 30 30 30 2 53 50 67 #/texts/69 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [356.02, 244.0, 7.14, 4.82] 40 40 40 40 2 54 51 68 #/texts/70 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray [237, 237, 237] gray True False [368.6, 244.0, 6.97, 4.82] 50 50 50 50 2 55 52 69 #/texts/71 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray [243, 243, 243] gray True False [381.01, 244.0, 7.15, 4.82] 60 60 60 60 2 56 53 70 #/texts/72 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [393.76, 244.0, 6.63, 4.82] 70 70 70 70 2 57 54 71 #/texts/73 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray [195, 195, 195] gray True False [406.03, 244.0, 7.08, 4.82] 80 80 80 80 2 58 55 72 #/texts/74 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray [228, 228, 228] gray True False [418.5, 244.0, 7.16, 4.82] 90 90 90 90 2 14 56 73 #/texts/30 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [248, 248, 248] white False False [458.99, 244.0, 3.75, 4.82] 0 0 0 0 2 15 57 74 #/texts/31 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray [228, 228, 228] gray True False [470.64, 244.0, 6.97, 4.82] 50 50 50 50 2 16 58 75 #/texts/32 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray [241, 241, 241] gray True False [482.56, 244.0, 9.69, 4.82] 100 100 100 100 2 17 59 76 #/texts/33 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray [239, 239, 239] gray True True [496.09, 244.0, 9.17, 4.82] 150 150 150 150 2 18 60 77 #/texts/34 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [508.67, 244.0, 50.23, 4.82] 200 250 300 350 200 250 300 350 200 250 300 350 200 250 300 350 2 35 61 78 #/texts/51 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [478.95, 253.6, 54.58, 7.27] Capacity (mAh g -1 Capacity (mAh g -1 Capacity (mAh g -1 Capacity (mAh g -1 2 36 62 79 #/texts/52 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray [236, 236, 236] gray True False [533.53, 255.17, 2.09, 5.7] ) ) 2 46 63 80 #/texts/62 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [357.26, 255.26, 3.6, 5.7] 2 2 2 2 2 47 64 81 #/texts/63 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray [232, 232, 232] gray True True [360.86, 255.26, 3.98, 5.7] θ θ 2 48 65 82 #/texts/64 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [364.84, 255.26, 18.04, 5.7] (Cu K (Cu K (Cu K (Cu K 2 50 66 83 #/texts/66 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [250, 250, 250] white False True [391.19, 255.26, 2.09, 5.7] ) ) 2 49 67 84 #/texts/65 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray [219, 219, 219] gray True True [382.89, 258.69, 8.31, 3.95] α1,2 α1,2 α1,2 α1,2 2 67 68 85 #/texts/84 caption caption False low docling_caption docling_caption True p2:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 269.16, 254.8, 66.5] Fig. 1 | Structural characterization and electrochemical data for Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2. a , Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 with a layered R 3m structure, in-plane ordering of Li/Ni and Co/Mn giving rise to the… Fig. 1 | Structural characterization and electrochemical data for Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2. a , Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 with a layered R 3m structure, in-plane ordering of Li/Ni and Co/Mn giving rise to the… Fig. 1 | Structural characterization and electrochemical data for Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2. a , Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 with a layered R 3m structure, in-plane ordering of Li/Ni and Co/Mn giving rise to the honeycomb superstructure ordering. Li atoms are represented in blue, TM in purple and oxygen in red. b , PXRD data and refinement to the R 3m crystal structure. c , Load curves for Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2, cycled between 2.0 V and 4.8 V at 100 mA g -1 for 100 cycles. Fig. 1 | Structural characterization and electrochemical data for Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2. a , Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 with a layered R 3m structure, in-plane ordering of Li/Ni and Co/Mn giving rise to the honeycomb superstructure ordering. Li atoms are represented in blue, TM in purple and oxygen in red. b , PXRD data and refinement to the R 3m crystal structure. c , Load curves for Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2, cycled between 2.0 V and 4.8 V at 100 mA g -1 for 100 cycles. 2 73 73 90 #/texts/91 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p2:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p2:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:gray [238, 238, 238] gray True True [548.66, 764.06, 14.02, 6.99] 819 819 819 819 3 2 1 91 #/texts/92 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p3:body_region:0 top_margin left None None p3:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 24.45, 31.06, 8.75] Article Article Article Article 3 3 2 92 #/texts/93 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header False None top_margin right None None p3:top_margin:right:off_white [243, 247, 250] off_white False False [392.65, 25.88, 176.63, 6.99] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z 3 6 3 93 #/texts/96 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 top_margin left None None p3:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [96.86, 50.07, 5.44, 8.12] a a a a 3 20 4 94 #/texts/110 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 top_margin left None None p3:top_margin:left:white [250, 250, 250] white False False [117.02, 52.2, 3.23, 4.82] 5 5 5 5 3 31 5 95 #/texts/121 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 top_margin left None None p3:top_margin:left:gray [245, 245, 245] gray True False [260.54, 56.98, 7.01, 4.82] FC FC FC FC 3 8 6 96 #/texts/98 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None top_margin right None None p3:top_margin:right:white [252, 252, 252] white False True [310.13, 50.07, 6.0, 8.12] d d d d 3 47 7 97 #/texts/137 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None top_margin right None None p3:top_margin:right:gray [234, 234, 234] gray True False [322.81, 52.27, 3.23, 4.82] 5 5 5 5 3 54 8 98 #/texts/144 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None top_margin right None None p3:top_margin:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [462.72, 57.95, 7.01, 4.82] FC FC FC FC 3 128 9 99 #/texts/218 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:off_white [247, 247, 247] off_white False False [134.41, 61.13, 25.16, 4.82] 2nd cycle 2nd cycle 2nd cycle 2nd cycle 3 30 10 100 #/texts/120 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:gray [244, 244, 244] gray True False [235.73, 66.39, 11.8, 4.82] 3QC 3QC 3QC 3QC 3 130 11 101 #/texts/220 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [240, 240, 240] gray True False [341.01, 61.13, 30.3, 4.82] 100th cycle 100th cycle 100th cycle 100th cycle 3 53 12 102 #/texts/143 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [245, 245, 245] gray True False [437.75, 73.0, 11.8, 4.82] 3QC 3QC 3QC 3QC 3 22 13 103 #/texts/112 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [104.98, 100.41, 3.95, 2.34] + + 3 23 14 104 #/texts/113 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [106.55, 82.5, 5.7, 17.91] /Li (V) /Li (V) /Li (V) /Li (V) 3 19 15 105 #/texts/109 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [116.86, 92.5, 3.39, 4.82] 4 4 4 4 3 28 16 106 #/texts/118 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:gray [227, 227, 227] gray True False [158.83, 91.55, 8.47, 4.82] QC QC QC QC 3 29 17 107 #/texts/119 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [196.14, 82.56, 8.02, 4.82] HC HC HC HC 3 50 18 108 #/texts/140 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [311.21, 85.19, 5.7, 17.91] /Li (V) /Li (V) /Li (V) /Li (V) 3 46 19 109 #/texts/136 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [322.65, 92.55, 3.39, 4.82] 4 4 4 4 3 51 20 110 #/texts/141 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [251, 251, 251] white False False [366.64, 98.48, 8.47, 4.82] QC QC QC QC 3 52 21 111 #/texts/142 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [191, 191, 191] gray True False [403.36, 84.89, 8.02, 4.82] HC HC HC HC 3 21 22 112 #/texts/111 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [106.55, 102.75, 5.7, 38.86] Voltage vs Li Voltage vs Li Voltage vs Li Voltage vs Li 3 18 23 113 #/texts/108 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:gray [235, 235, 235] gray True False [116.93, 132.81, 3.32, 4.82] 3 3 3 3 3 36 24 114 #/texts/126 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [252, 252, 252] white False False [127.18, 105.23, 3.05, 4.82] 2 2 2 2 3 37 25 115 #/texts/127 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:gray [216, 216, 216] gray True True [130.23, 103.67, 4.29, 3.07] nd nd nd nd 3 38 26 116 #/texts/128 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [134.51, 105.24, 4.65, 4.82] P P P P 3 34 27 117 #/texts/124 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:gray [214, 214, 214] gray True False [157.45, 135.52, 11.61, 4.82] 3QD 3QD 3QD 3QD 3 33 28 118 #/texts/123 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [196.96, 122.94, 7.84, 4.82] HD HD HD HD 3 32 29 119 #/texts/122 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:gray [213, 213, 213] gray True False [239.44, 102.74, 8.28, 4.82] QD QD QD QD 3 49 30 120 #/texts/139 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [309.64, 103.11, 3.95, 2.34] + + 3 48 31 121 #/texts/138 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [311.21, 105.44, 5.7, 38.86] Voltage vs Li Voltage vs Li Voltage vs Li Voltage vs Li 3 45 32 122 #/texts/135 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [211, 211, 211] gray True False [322.72, 132.95, 3.32, 4.82] 3 3 3 3 3 59 33 123 #/texts/149 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [241, 241, 241] gray True False [332.53, 111.34, 9.7, 4.82] 100 100 100 100 3 60 34 124 #/texts/150 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [194, 194, 194] gray True False [342.22, 109.76, 3.31, 3.07] th th th th 3 61 35 125 #/texts/151 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [345.53, 111.33, 4.65, 4.82] P P P P 3 55 36 126 #/texts/145 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [441.12, 126.78, 8.28, 4.82] QD QD QD QD 3 57 37 127 #/texts/147 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [364.59, 150.44, 11.61, 4.82] 3QD 3QD 3QD 3QD 3 56 38 128 #/texts/146 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [403.68, 142.69, 7.84, 4.82] HD HD HD HD 3 17 39 129 #/texts/107 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [252, 252, 252] white False False [117.2, 173.11, 3.05, 4.82] 2 2 2 2 3 35 40 130 #/texts/125 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [132.47, 168.15, 6.83, 4.82] FD FD FD FD 3 44 41 131 #/texts/134 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [322.99, 173.22, 3.05, 4.82] 2 2 2 2 3 58 42 132 #/texts/148 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [340.6, 166.73, 6.83, 4.82] FD FD FD FD 3 11 43 133 #/texts/101 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:gray [243, 243, 243] gray True True [126.12, 180.59, 3.75, 4.82] 0 0 0 0 3 12 44 134 #/texts/102 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:gray [200, 200, 200] gray True False [150.72, 180.59, 6.98, 4.82] 50 50 50 50 3 13 45 135 #/texts/103 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [252, 252, 252] white False False [175.59, 180.59, 9.7, 4.82] 100 100 100 100 3 14 46 136 #/texts/104 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:gray [235, 235, 235] gray True True [202.07, 180.59, 9.18, 4.82] 150 150 150 150 3 15 47 137 #/texts/105 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:gray [235, 235, 235] gray True False [227.61, 180.59, 10.55, 4.82] 200 200 200 200 3 16 48 138 #/texts/106 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:gray [235, 235, 235] gray True False [254.09, 180.59, 10.03, 4.82] 250 250 250 250 3 39 49 139 #/texts/129 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [200, 200, 200] gray True False [332.71, 180.59, 3.75, 4.82] 0 0 0 0 3 40 50 140 #/texts/130 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [237, 237, 237] gray True False [365.96, 180.59, 6.98, 4.82] 50 50 50 50 3 41 51 141 #/texts/131 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [219, 219, 219] gray True False [399.46, 180.59, 9.7, 4.82] 100 100 100 100 3 42 52 142 #/texts/132 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [239, 239, 239] gray True False [434.57, 180.59, 9.18, 4.82] 150 150 150 150 3 43 53 143 #/texts/133 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [243, 243, 243] gray True False [468.74, 180.59, 10.55, 4.82] 200 200 200 200 3 24 54 144 #/texts/114 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [173.24, 190.42, 54.98, 7.27] Capacity (mAh g -1 Capacity (mAh g -1 Capacity (mAh g -1 Capacity (mAh g -1 3 25 55 145 #/texts/115 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:gray [239, 239, 239] gray True False [228.22, 191.99, 2.09, 5.7] ) ) 3 26 56 146 #/texts/116 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [379.35, 190.42, 54.98, 7.27] Capacity (mAh g -1 Capacity (mAh g -1 Capacity (mAh g -1 Capacity (mAh g -1 3 27 57 147 #/texts/117 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [434.33, 191.99, 2.09, 5.7] ) ) 3 5 58 148 #/texts/95 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [96.86, 209.88, 6.01, 8.12] b b b b 3 7 59 149 #/texts/97 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [311.22, 209.88, 5.62, 8.12] e e e e 3 129 60 150 #/texts/219 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:gray [241, 241, 241] gray True False [134.81, 223.31, 25.16, 4.82] 2nd cycle 2nd cycle 2nd cycle 2nd cycle 3 131 61 151 #/texts/221 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [240, 240, 240] gray True False [343.72, 220.31, 30.3, 4.82] 100th cycle 100th cycle 100th cycle 100th cycle 3 68 62 152 #/texts/158 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:off_white [247, 247, 247] off_white False False [279.75, 238.74, 3.05, 4.82] 2 2 2 2 3 69 63 153 #/texts/159 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left_crossing None None p3:page_body:left_crossing:gray [210, 210, 210] gray True True [282.8, 237.17, 4.29, 3.07] nd nd nd nd 3 70 64 154 #/texts/160 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left_crossing None None p3:page_body:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [287.09, 238.74, 4.65, 4.82] P P P P 3 86 65 155 #/texts/176 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [251, 251, 251] white False False [486.95, 236.11, 9.7, 4.82] 100 100 100 100 3 87 66 156 #/texts/177 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [199, 199, 199] gray True True [496.65, 234.54, 3.31, 3.07] th th th th 3 88 67 157 #/texts/178 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [499.96, 236.11, 4.65, 4.82] P P P P 3 72 68 158 #/texts/162 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left_crossing None None p3:page_body:left_crossing:off_white [247, 247, 247] off_white False False [279.76, 249.19, 8.47, 4.82] QC QC QC QC 3 90 69 159 #/texts/180 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [243, 243, 243] gray True False [486.96, 247.96, 8.47, 4.82] QC QC QC QC 3 73 70 160 #/texts/163 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left_crossing None None p3:page_body:left_crossing:white [248, 248, 248] white False False [279.76, 260.2, 8.02, 4.82] HC HC HC HC 3 91 71 161 #/texts/181 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [486.96, 260.12, 8.02, 4.82] HC HC HC HC 3 74 72 162 #/texts/164 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left_crossing None None p3:page_body:left_crossing:white [253, 253, 253] white False False [279.76, 272.44, 11.8, 4.82] 3QC 3QC 3QC 3QC 3 92 73 163 #/texts/182 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [239, 239, 239] gray True False [486.96, 272.02, 11.8, 4.82] 3QC 3QC 3QC 3QC 3 75 74 164 #/texts/165 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left_crossing None None p3:page_body:left_crossing:gray [245, 245, 245] gray True False [279.76, 284.31, 7.01, 4.82] FC FC FC FC 3 93 75 165 #/texts/183 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [486.96, 283.28, 7.01, 4.82] FC FC FC FC 3 76 76 166 #/texts/166 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left_crossing None None p3:page_body:left_crossing:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [279.76, 295.26, 8.28, 4.82] QD QD QD QD 3 94 77 167 #/texts/184 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [235, 235, 235] gray True False [486.96, 294.26, 8.28, 4.82] QD QD QD QD 3 77 78 168 #/texts/167 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left_crossing None None p3:page_body:left_crossing:white [248, 248, 248] white False False [279.76, 307.01, 7.84, 4.82] HD HD HD HD 3 95 79 169 #/texts/185 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [486.96, 306.52, 7.84, 4.82] HD HD HD HD 3 78 80 170 #/texts/168 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left_crossing None None p3:page_body:left_crossing:white [251, 251, 251] white False False [279.76, 317.15, 11.61, 4.82] 3QD 3QD 3QD 3QD 3 96 81 171 #/texts/186 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [235, 235, 235] gray True False [486.96, 318.04, 11.61, 4.82] 3QD 3QD 3QD 3QD 3 79 82 172 #/texts/169 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left_crossing None None p3:page_body:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [279.76, 327.7, 6.83, 4.82] FD FD FD FD 3 97 83 173 #/texts/187 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [486.96, 329.64, 6.83, 4.82] FD FD FD FD 3 62 84 174 #/texts/152 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [253, 253, 253] white False False [125.88, 339.79, 3.75, 4.82] 0 0 0 0 3 63 85 175 #/texts/153 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [161.11, 339.79, 7.83, 4.82] 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3 64 86 176 #/texts/154 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [198.03, 339.79, 8.52, 4.82] 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 3 65 87 177 #/texts/155 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [235.73, 339.79, 7.67, 4.82] 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 3 66 88 178 #/texts/156 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [271.21, 339.79, 11.24, 4.82] 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 3 80 89 179 #/texts/170 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [334.36, 339.79, 3.75, 4.82] 0 0 0 0 3 81 90 180 #/texts/171 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [369.22, 339.79, 7.83, 4.82] 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3 82 91 181 #/texts/172 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [405.78, 339.79, 8.52, 4.82] 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 3 83 92 182 #/texts/173 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [443.11, 339.79, 7.67, 4.82] 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 3 84 93 183 #/texts/174 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [478.24, 339.79, 11.24, 4.82] 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 3 67 94 184 #/texts/157 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [175.98, 350.09, 48.86, 5.7] Energy loss (eV) Energy loss (eV) Energy loss (eV) Energy loss (eV) 3 85 95 185 #/texts/175 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [382.02, 350.09, 48.86, 5.7] Energy loss (eV) Energy loss (eV) Energy loss (eV) Energy loss (eV) 3 9 96 186 #/texts/99 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [96.86, 367.5, 5.45, 8.12] c c c c 3 10 97 187 #/texts/100 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right_crossing None None p3:page_body:right_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [302.23, 367.02, 3.65, 8.12] f f f f 3 110 98 188 #/texts/200 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:gray [237, 237, 237] gray True False [109.7, 382.56, 10.55, 4.82] 200 200 200 200 3 132 99 189 #/texts/222 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [248, 248, 248] white False False [134.41, 382.07, 25.16, 4.82] 2nd cycle 2nd cycle 2nd cycle 2nd cycle 3 127 100 190 #/texts/217 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [242, 242, 242] gray True True [315.34, 380.93, 10.55, 4.82] 200 200 200 200 3 133 101 191 #/texts/223 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [242, 242, 242] gray True False [341.01, 381.59, 30.3, 4.82] 100th cycle 100th cycle 100th cycle 100th cycle 3 112 102 192 #/texts/202 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [97.72, 398.66, 5.29, 59.84] signal intensity (a.u.) signal intensity (a.u.) signal intensity (a.u.) signal intensity (a.u.) 3 108 103 193 #/texts/198 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:gray [241, 241, 241] gray True False [110.55, 435.33, 9.7, 4.82] 100 100 100 100 3 109 104 194 #/texts/199 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [111.07, 408.95, 9.18, 4.82] 150 150 150 150 3 114 105 195 #/texts/204 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right_crossing None None p3:page_body:right_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 397.57, 5.29, 59.84] signal intensity (a.u.) signal intensity (a.u.) signal intensity (a.u.) signal intensity (a.u.) 3 125 106 196 #/texts/215 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [238, 238, 238] gray True True [316.19, 434.59, 9.7, 4.82] 100 100 100 100 3 126 107 197 #/texts/216 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [245, 245, 245] gray True True [316.71, 407.75, 9.18, 4.82] 150 150 150 150 3 111 108 198 #/texts/201 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [97.72, 458.5, 6.96, 7.12] O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 3 107 109 199 #/texts/197 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [249, 249, 249] white False False [113.27, 461.71, 6.98, 4.82] 50 50 50 50 3 113 110 200 #/texts/203 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right_crossing None None p3:page_body:right_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [303.09, 457.41, 6.96, 7.12] O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 3 124 111 201 #/texts/214 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [240, 240, 240] gray True True [318.91, 461.41, 6.98, 4.82] 50 50 50 50 3 106 112 202 #/texts/196 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [248, 248, 248] white False False [116.5, 488.1, 3.75, 4.82] 0 0 0 0 3 123 113 203 #/texts/213 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [243, 243, 243] gray True True [322.14, 488.1, 3.75, 4.82] 0 0 0 0 3 71 114 204 #/texts/161 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [126.67, 499.56, 14.44, 4.82] 2nd P 2nd P 2nd P 2nd P 3 98 115 205 #/texts/188 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [251, 251, 251] white False False [146.74, 499.55, 8.47, 4.82] QC QC QC QC 3 99 116 206 #/texts/189 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:gray [226, 226, 226] gray True False [164.04, 499.55, 8.02, 4.82] HC HC HC HC 3 100 117 207 #/texts/190 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [179.24, 499.55, 11.8, 4.82] 3QC 3QC 3QC 3QC 3 101 118 208 #/texts/191 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [198.72, 499.55, 7.01, 4.82] FC FC FC FC 3 102 119 209 #/texts/192 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [215.17, 499.55, 8.28, 4.82] QD QD QD QD 3 103 120 210 #/texts/193 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [248, 248, 248] white False False [232.47, 499.55, 7.84, 4.82] HD HD HD HD 3 104 121 211 #/texts/194 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [247.67, 499.55, 11.61, 4.82] 3QD 3QD 3QD 3QD 3 105 122 212 #/texts/195 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p3:body_region:0 page_body left None None p3:page_body:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [267.14, 499.55, 6.83, 4.82] FD FD FD FD 3 89 123 213 #/texts/179 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [253, 253, 253] white False False [329.54, 499.55, 19.58, 4.82] 100th P 100th P 100th P 100th P 3 115 124 214 #/texts/205 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [352.25, 499.55, 8.47, 4.82] QC QC QC QC 3 116 125 215 #/texts/206 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [245, 245, 245] gray True False [369.41, 499.55, 8.02, 4.82] HC HC HC HC 3 117 126 216 #/texts/207 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [253, 253, 253] white False False [384.46, 499.55, 11.8, 4.82] 3QC 3QC 3QC 3QC 3 118 127 217 #/texts/208 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [403.79, 499.55, 7.01, 4.82] FC FC FC FC 3 119 128 218 #/texts/209 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [241, 241, 241] gray True False [420.09, 499.55, 8.28, 4.82] QD QD QD QD 3 120 129 219 #/texts/210 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [228, 228, 228] gray True False [437.25, 499.55, 7.84, 4.82] HD HD HD HD 3 121 130 220 #/texts/211 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [249, 249, 249] white False False [452.3, 499.55, 11.61, 4.82] 3QD 3QD 3QD 3QD 3 122 131 221 #/texts/212 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [471.63, 499.55, 6.83, 4.82] FD FD FD FD 3 4 132 222 #/texts/94 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption True p3:body_region:0 page_body left_crossing None None p3:page_body:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.68, 515.49, 253.49, 37.32] Fig. 2 | Evolution in bulk O-redox activity over 2nd and 100th cycles. a , d , Load curves for the 2nd ( a ) and 100th ( d ) cycles for Li 1.2 Mn0.54 Co0.13 Ni0.13 O2, with the states of charge studied. b , e , RIXS spe… Fig. 2 | Evolution in bulk O-redox activity over 2nd and 100th cycles. a , d , Load curves for the 2nd ( a ) and 100th ( d ) cycles for Li 1.2 Mn0.54 Co0.13 Ni0.13 O2, with the states of charge studied. b , e , RIXS spe… Fig. 2 | Evolution in bulk O-redox activity over 2nd and 100th cycles. a , d , Load curves for the 2nd ( a ) and 100th ( d ) cycles for Li 1.2 Mn0.54 Co0.13 Ni0.13 O2, with the states of charge studied. b , e , RIXS spectra at 531.5 eV collected over the 2nd ( b ) and 100th ( e ) cycles. c , f , Variation in intensity of the molecular O 2 signal in Fig. 2 | Evolution in bulk O-redox activity over 2nd and 100th cycles. a , d , Load curves for the 2nd ( a ) and 100th ( d ) cycles for Li 1.2 Mn0.54 Co0.13 Ni0.13 O2, with the states of charge studied. b , e , RIXS spectra at 531.5 eV collected over the 2nd ( b ) and 100th ( e ) cycles. c , f , Variation in intensity of the molecular O 2 signal in 3 134 133 223 #/texts/224 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption False None page_body right_crossing None None p3:page_body:right_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.47, 515.49, 254.96, 26.5] the RIXS spectra over the 2nd ( c ) and 100th ( f ) cycles, as determined by principal component analysis (Methods). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation with a sample size of 15. P, pristine. the RIXS spectra over the 2nd ( c ) and 100th ( f ) cycles, as determined by principal component analysis (Methods). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation with a sample size of 15. P, pristine. the RIXS spectra over the 2nd ( c ) and 100th ( f ) cycles, as determined by principal component analysis (Methods). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation with a sample size of 15. P, pristine. the RIXS spectra over the 2nd ( c ) and 100th ( f ) cycles, as determined by principal component analysis (Methods). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation with a sample size of 15. P, pristine. 3 150 135 225 #/texts/240 caption caption False low docling_caption docling_caption False None bottom_margin right_crossing None None p3:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 700.46, 255.03, 44.5] Fig. 3 | Evolution in amount of trapped O 2 over cycling. Variation in intensity of the molecular O 2 signal from RIXS over cycling in the fully charged (FC) and fully discharged (FD) states. The amount of O 2 formed in… Fig. 3 | Evolution in amount of trapped O 2 over cycling. Variation in intensity of the molecular O 2 signal from RIXS over cycling in the fully charged (FC) and fully discharged (FD) states. The amount of O 2 formed in… Fig. 3 | Evolution in amount of trapped O 2 over cycling. Variation in intensity of the molecular O 2 signal from RIXS over cycling in the fully charged (FC) and fully discharged (FD) states. The amount of O 2 formed in the charged materials decreases with cycling and there is increasing evidence of O 2 that is not reduced on discharge. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation with a sample size of 15. Fig. 3 | Evolution in amount of trapped O 2 over cycling. Variation in intensity of the molecular O 2 signal from RIXS over cycling in the fully charged (FC) and fully discharged (FD) states. The amount of O 2 formed in the charged materials decreases with cycling and there is increasing evidence of O 2 that is not reduced on discharge. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation with a sample size of 15. 3 137 136 226 #/texts/227 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [349.66, 587.7, 5.7, 72.26] O2 signal intensity (a.u.) O2 signal intensity (a.u.) O2 signal intensity (a.u.) O2 signal intensity (a.u.) 3 149 137 227 #/texts/239 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [235, 235, 235] gray True False [360.92, 582.47, 10.54, 4.82] 200 200 200 200 3 147 138 228 #/texts/237 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [240, 240, 240] gray True False [361.76, 625.17, 9.7, 4.82] 100 100 100 100 3 148 139 229 #/texts/238 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [253, 253, 253] white False False [362.28, 603.82, 9.18, 4.82] 150 150 150 150 3 146 140 230 #/texts/236 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [248, 248, 248] white False False [364.49, 646.51, 6.97, 4.82] 50 50 50 50 3 145 141 231 #/texts/235 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [248, 248, 248] white False False [367.71, 667.86, 3.75, 4.82] 0 0 0 0 3 139 142 232 #/texts/229 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [378.54, 679.05, 3.75, 4.82] 0 0 0 0 3 140 143 233 #/texts/230 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [405.57, 679.05, 6.8, 4.82] 20 20 20 20 3 138 144 234 #/texts/228 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [431.21, 689.17, 43.08, 5.7] Cycle number Cycle number Cycle number Cycle number 3 141 145 235 #/texts/231 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [433.95, 679.05, 7.14, 4.82] 40 40 40 40 3 142 146 236 #/texts/232 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [250, 250, 250] white False False [462.5, 679.05, 7.16, 4.82] 60 60 60 60 3 135 147 237 #/texts/225 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:gray [245, 245, 245] gray True False [473.85, 606.76, 7.02, 4.82] FC FC FC FC 3 136 148 238 #/texts/226 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [473.86, 652.3, 6.83, 4.82] FD FD FD FD 3 143 149 239 #/texts/233 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [491.08, 679.05, 7.09, 4.82] 80 80 80 80 3 144 150 240 #/texts/234 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body right None None p3:page_body:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [518.33, 679.05, 9.7, 4.82] 100 100 100 100 3 151 151 241 #/texts/241 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p3:body_region:0 bottom_margin left None None p3:bottom_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [39.69, 763.46, 185.86, 7.0] Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 3 152 152 242 #/texts/242 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer False None bottom_margin right None None p3:bottom_margin:right:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [546.3, 763.81, 15.75, 6.99] 820 820 820 820 4 2 1 243 #/texts/243 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p4:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 24.45, 31.06, 8.75] Article Article Article Article 4 8 2 244 #/texts/249 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [87.18, 54.88, 5.44, 8.12] a a a a 4 14 3 245 #/texts/255 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [143.04, 59.91, 22.56, 5.7] Pristine Pristine Pristine Pristine 4 6 4 246 #/texts/247 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray [108, 108, 108] gray True True [96.76, 184.93, 16.56, 4.82] 20 nm 20 nm 20 nm 20 nm 4 11 5 247 #/texts/252 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [87.19, 208.88, 6.0, 8.12] d d d d 4 51 6 248 #/texts/292 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [162.28, 232.54, 27.75, 5.7] Evacuate Evacuate Evacuate Evacuate 4 49 7 249 #/texts/290 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [92.38, 244.87, 29.44, 5.7] Electrode Electrode Electrode Electrode 4 50 8 250 #/texts/291 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [123.65, 265.28, 30.04, 5.7] NMR tube NMR tube NMR tube NMR tube 4 52 9 251 #/texts/293 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [162.28, 275.04, 27.85, 5.7] Xe purge Xe purge Xe purge Xe purge 4 43 10 252 #/texts/284 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [253, 250, 251] white False False [93.98, 342.98, 21.55, 5.7] Cycled Cycled Cycled Cycled 4 44 11 253 #/texts/285 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [92.18, 350.78, 25.16, 5.7] cathode cathode cathode cathode 4 45 12 254 #/texts/286 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [93.08, 358.58, 23.35, 5.7] particle particle particle particle 4 48 13 255 #/texts/289 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [154.83, 359.12, 32.84, 5.7] Open pore Open pore Open pore Open pore 4 4 14 256 #/texts/245 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.67, 385.51, 252.98, 56.5] Fig. 4 | Formation of voids and large diamagnetic Li-rich regions over cycling. a -c , ADF-STEM images showing single grains of the pristine ( a ), 2nd discharge ( b ) and 100th discharge ( c ) material showing the form… Fig. 4 | Formation of voids and large diamagnetic Li-rich regions over cycling. a -c , ADF-STEM images showing single grains of the pristine ( a ), 2nd discharge ( b ) and 100th discharge ( c ) material showing the form… Fig. 4 | Formation of voids and large diamagnetic Li-rich regions over cycling. a -c , ADF-STEM images showing single grains of the pristine ( a ), 2nd discharge ( b ) and 100th discharge ( c ) material showing the formation of voids about 4-12 nm in diameter over extended cycling. d , 129 Xe NMR experiments. Samples were extracted from cells and infiltrated with Xe gas to probe the open porosity. e , 129 Xe NMR of the pristine, 2nd discharge and 100th discharge materials. Fig. 4 | Formation of voids and large diamagnetic Li-rich regions over cycling. a -c , ADF-STEM images showing single grains of the pristine ( a ), 2nd discharge ( b ) and 100th discharge ( c ) material showing the formation of voids about 4-12 nm in diameter over extended cycling. d , 129 Xe NMR experiments. Samples were extracted from cells and infiltrated with Xe gas to probe the open porosity. e , 129 Xe NMR of the pristine, 2nd discharge and 100th discharge materials. 4 74 16 258 #/texts/315 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 499.25, 132.67, 9.95] Void formation on cycling Void formation on cycling Void formation on cycling Void formation on cycling 4 81 19 261 #/texts/321 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p4:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p4:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [39.69, 763.46, 185.86, 7.0] Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 4 3 20 262 #/texts/244 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p4:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:top_margin:column_2_of_2:off_white [244, 248, 251] off_white False False [392.65, 25.88, 176.63, 6.99] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z 4 9 21 263 #/texts/250 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [237.0, 54.88, 6.01, 8.12] b b b b 4 10 22 264 #/texts/251 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [384.55, 54.88, 5.45, 8.12] c c c c 4 15 23 265 #/texts/256 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [280.07, 59.91, 43.45, 5.7] 2nd discharge 2nd discharge 2nd discharge 2nd discharge 4 16 24 266 #/texts/257 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [424.57, 59.91, 49.53, 5.7] 100th discharge 100th discharge 100th discharge 100th discharge 4 7 25 267 #/texts/248 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [121, 121, 121] gray True True [245.59, 184.93, 16.56, 4.82] 20 nm 20 nm 20 nm 20 nm 4 5 26 268 #/texts/246 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [115, 115, 115] gray True True [396.38, 184.93, 16.56, 4.82] 20 nm 20 nm 20 nm 20 nm 4 13 27 269 #/texts/254 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [202.55, 208.88, 5.62, 8.12] e e e e 4 12 28 270 #/texts/253 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [313.87, 208.88, 3.65, 8.12] f f f f 4 70 29 271 #/texts/311 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [422.45, 208.89, 5.99, 8.12] g g g g 4 71 30 272 #/texts/312 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [231.75, 212.63, 31.18, 7.27] 129 Xe NMR 129 Xe NMR 129 Xe NMR 129 Xe NMR 4 72 31 273 #/texts/313 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [342.67, 212.63, 23.99, 7.27] 6 Li NMR 6 Li NMR 6 Li NMR 6 Li NMR 4 73 32 274 #/texts/314 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [454.08, 212.63, 25.67, 7.27] 17 O NMR 17 O NMR 17 O NMR 17 O NMR 4 40 33 275 #/texts/281 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [220, 220, 220] gray True False [425.29, 247.69, 19.1, 4.82] Pristine Pristine Pristine Pristine 4 35 34 276 #/texts/276 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [213, 213, 213] gray True False [318.03, 253.46, 19.1, 4.82] Pristine Pristine Pristine Pristine 4 30 35 277 #/texts/271 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [240, 240, 240] gray True False [205.15, 253.46, 19.1, 4.82] Pristine Pristine Pristine Pristine 4 38 36 278 #/texts/279 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [425.29, 280.92, 9.78, 4.82] 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 4 33 37 279 #/texts/274 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [318.03, 286.7, 9.78, 4.82] 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 4 28 38 280 #/texts/269 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [242, 242, 242] gray True False [205.15, 286.7, 9.78, 4.82] 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 4 39 39 281 #/texts/280 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [223, 223, 223] gray True False [425.29, 287.42, 25.53, 4.82] discharge discharge discharge discharge 4 34 40 282 #/texts/275 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [234, 234, 234] gray True False [318.03, 293.2, 25.53, 4.82] discharge discharge discharge discharge 4 29 41 283 #/texts/270 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [225, 225, 225] gray True False [205.15, 293.2, 25.53, 4.82] discharge discharge discharge discharge 4 26 42 284 #/texts/267 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored [252, 215, 178] colored False False [241.62, 315.4, 16.67, 4.82] 50-20 50-20 50-20 50-20 4 46 43 285 #/texts/287 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [174.18, 316.39, 7.96, 5.7] Xe Xe Xe Xe 4 41 44 286 #/texts/282 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [248, 248, 248] white False True [425.29, 319.51, 14.93, 4.82] 100th 100th 100th 100th 4 27 45 287 #/texts/268 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored [239, 203, 168] colored False True [244.0, 322.0, 11.91, 4.82] ppm ppm ppm ppm 4 47 46 288 #/texts/288 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [252, 252, 252] white False False [174.18, 324.19, 10.72, 5.7] gas gas gas gas 4 42 47 289 #/texts/283 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [223, 223, 223] gray True False [425.29, 326.01, 25.53, 4.82] discharge discharge discharge discharge 4 36 48 290 #/texts/277 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [248, 248, 248] white False True [318.03, 328.29, 14.93, 4.82] 100th 100th 100th 100th 4 31 49 291 #/texts/272 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [240, 240, 240] gray True False [205.15, 328.29, 14.93, 4.82] 100th 100th 100th 100th 4 37 50 292 #/texts/278 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [234, 234, 234] gray True False [318.03, 334.79, 25.53, 4.82] discharge discharge discharge discharge 4 32 51 293 #/texts/273 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [225, 225, 225] gray True False [205.15, 334.79, 25.53, 4.82] discharge discharge discharge discharge 4 17 52 294 #/texts/258 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [197.93, 359.66, 8.99, 4.82] 120 120 120 120 4 18 53 295 #/texts/259 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [219, 219, 219] gray True False [221.34, 359.66, 7.08, 4.82] 80 80 80 80 4 19 54 296 #/texts/260 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [243.78, 359.66, 7.14, 4.82] 40 40 40 40 4 20 55 297 #/texts/261 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [267.93, 359.66, 3.75, 4.82] 0 0 0 0 4 21 56 298 #/texts/262 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [287.25, 359.66, 10.03, 4.82] -40 -40 -40 -40 4 53 57 299 #/texts/294 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.84, 359.66, 16.18, 4.82] 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4 54 58 300 #/texts/295 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [335.58, 359.66, 15.83, 4.82] 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 4 55 59 301 #/texts/296 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [371.2, 359.66, 3.75, 4.82] 0 0 0 0 4 56 60 302 #/texts/297 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [393.29, 359.66, 18.73, 4.82] -2,000 -2,000 -2,000 -2,000 4 62 61 303 #/texts/303 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [249, 249, 249] white False False [425.97, 359.66, 16.13, 4.82] 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 4 63 62 304 #/texts/304 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [449.7, 359.66, 16.18, 4.82] 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4 64 63 305 #/texts/305 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [479.67, 359.66, 3.75, 4.82] 0 0 0 0 4 65 64 306 #/texts/306 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [495.77, 359.66, 19.07, 4.82] -4,000 -4,000 -4,000 -4,000 4 25 65 307 #/texts/266 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [235.57, 369.51, 37.21, 7.27] 129 Xe (ppm)) 129 Xe (ppm)) 129 Xe (ppm)) 129 Xe (ppm)) 4 60 66 308 #/texts/301 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [225, 225, 225] gray True True [349.89, 369.51, 2.79, 3.95] 6 6 6 6 4 69 67 309 #/texts/310 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [457.58, 369.51, 31.71, 7.27] 17 O (ppm)) 17 O (ppm)) 17 O (ppm)) 17 O (ppm)) 4 22 68 310 #/texts/263 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [249, 249, 249] white False False [221.9, 371.08, 3.83, 5.7] δ δ 4 24 69 311 #/texts/265 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [231.76, 371.08, 3.82, 5.7] ( ( 4 57 70 312 #/texts/298 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [233, 233, 233] gray True False [336.86, 371.08, 3.83, 5.7] δ δ 4 59 71 313 #/texts/300 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [346.07, 371.08, 3.82, 5.7] ( ( 4 61 72 314 #/texts/302 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [352.67, 371.08, 27.24, 5.7] Li (ppm)) Li (ppm)) Li (ppm)) Li (ppm)) 4 66 73 315 #/texts/307 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [249, 249, 249] white False False [444.55, 371.08, 3.83, 5.7] δ δ 4 68 74 316 #/texts/309 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [453.76, 371.08, 3.82, 5.7] ( ( 4 23 75 317 #/texts/264 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [234, 234, 234] gray True False [225.73, 374.51, 6.03, 3.95] iso iso iso iso 4 58 76 318 #/texts/299 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [207, 207, 207] gray True True [340.69, 374.51, 5.39, 3.95] cg cg cg cg 4 67 77 319 #/texts/308 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [232, 232, 232] gray True False [448.38, 374.51, 5.39, 3.95] cg cg cg cg 4 78 78 320 #/texts/318 caption caption False low docling_caption docling_caption True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.47, 385.51, 255.16, 46.5] The orange region highlighted indicates the presence of open voids of 17 nm diameter and greater after 100 cycles. δ iso , isotropic chemical shift. f , g , 6 Li ( f ) and 17 O ( g ) NMR isolating slow and fast relaxing… The orange region highlighted indicates the presence of open voids of 17 nm diameter and greater after 100 cycles. δ iso , isotropic chemical shift. f , g , 6 Li ( f ) and 17 O ( g ) NMR isolating slow and fast relaxing… The orange region highlighted indicates the presence of open voids of 17 nm diameter and greater after 100 cycles. δ iso , isotropic chemical shift. f , g , 6 Li ( f ) and 17 O ( g ) NMR isolating slow and fast relaxing environments. The sharp peaks at 0 ppm in the 6 Li and slow relaxing 17 O NMR spectra indicate the formation of large diamagnetic Li-rich regions on extended cycling. The orange region highlighted indicates the presence of open voids of 17 nm diameter and greater after 100 cycles. δ iso , isotropic chemical shift. f , g , 6 Li ( f ) and 17 O ( g ) NMR isolating slow and fast relaxing environments. The sharp peaks at 0 ppm in the 6 Li and slow relaxing 17 O NMR spectra indicate the formation of large diamagnetic Li-rich regions on extended cycling. 4 79 80 322 #/texts/319 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p4:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 692.75, 163.24, 9.95] The contents of the closed voids The contents of the closed voids The contents of the closed voids The contents of the closed voids 4 82 82 324 #/texts/322 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p4:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p4:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [549.18, 764.06, 13.5, 6.99] 821 821 821 821 5 1 1 325 #/texts/323 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p5:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 24.45, 31.06, 8.75] Article Article Article Article 5 15 2 326 #/texts/337 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [92.94, 55.58, 5.44, 8.12] a a a a 5 4 3 327 #/texts/326 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [146.54, 57.66, 44.51, 5.7] Fast relaxation Fast relaxation Fast relaxation Fast relaxation 5 8 4 328 #/texts/330 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [161.42, 65.46, 23.17, 5.7] = 2 ms) = 2 ms) = 2 ms) = 2 ms) 5 5 5 329 #/texts/327 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [254, 254, 254] white False True [152.99, 65.46, 2.09, 5.7] ( ( 5 6 6 330 #/texts/328 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [155.09, 65.46, 4.54, 5.7] D D D D 5 7 7 331 #/texts/329 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray [203, 203, 203] gray True True [159.63, 68.89, 1.8, 3.95] 1 1 1 1 5 18 8 332 #/texts/340 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [99.28, 92.87, 40.68, 5.7] 100th charge 100th charge 100th charge 100th charge 5 44 9 333 #/texts/366 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [249, 249, 249] white False False [92.29, 174.28, 18.03, 4.82] 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 5 45 10 334 #/texts/367 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray [237, 237, 237] gray True False [123.3, 174.28, 16.13, 4.82] 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 5 46 11 335 #/texts/368 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [249, 249, 249] white False False [153.32, 174.28, 16.18, 4.82] 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 5 31 12 336 #/texts/353 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [159.46, 184.18, 31.7, 7.27] 17 O (ppm)) 17 O (ppm)) 17 O (ppm)) 17 O (ppm)) 5 28 13 337 #/texts/350 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [248, 248, 248] white False False [146.43, 185.75, 3.83, 5.7] δ δ 5 30 14 338 #/texts/352 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray [204, 204, 204] gray True True [157.37, 185.75, 2.09, 5.7] ( ( 5 29 15 339 #/texts/351 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray [238, 238, 238] gray True True [150.26, 189.18, 5.39, 3.95] cg cg cg cg 5 36 16 340 #/texts/358 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [98.82, 222.18, 49.53, 5.7] 100th discharge 100th discharge 100th discharge 100th discharge 5 62 17 341 #/texts/384 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [249, 249, 249] white False False [92.29, 300.95, 18.03, 4.82] 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 5 63 18 342 #/texts/385 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray [237, 237, 237] gray True False [123.3, 300.95, 16.13, 4.82] 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 5 64 19 343 #/texts/386 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [249, 249, 249] white False False [153.32, 300.95, 16.18, 4.82] 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 5 52 20 344 #/texts/374 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [159.46, 311.15, 31.7, 7.27] 17 O (ppm)) 17 O (ppm)) 17 O (ppm)) 17 O (ppm)) 5 49 21 345 #/texts/371 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [146.43, 312.72, 3.83, 5.7] δ δ 5 51 22 346 #/texts/373 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray [201, 201, 201] gray True True [157.37, 312.72, 2.09, 5.7] ( ( 5 50 23 347 #/texts/372 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray [223, 223, 223] gray True True [150.26, 316.15, 5.39, 3.95] cg cg cg cg 5 3 24 348 #/texts/325 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.68, 327.16, 248.35, 56.5] Fig. 5 | Partial reduction of O 2 trapped in voids to form Li-coordinated O 2on the 100th discharge. a , b , 17 O NMR spectra isolating fast ( a ) and slow ( b ) relaxing 17 O environments. The sharp peaks in a are assi… Fig. 5 | Partial reduction of O 2 trapped in voids to form Li-coordinated O 2on the 100th discharge. a , b , 17 O NMR spectra isolating fast ( a ) and slow ( b ) relaxing 17 O environments. The sharp peaks in a are assi… Fig. 5 | Partial reduction of O 2 trapped in voids to form Li-coordinated O 2on the 100th discharge. a , b , 17 O NMR spectra isolating fast ( a ) and slow ( b ) relaxing 17 O environments. The sharp peaks in a are assigned to trapped molecular O2, which decrease in intensity on discharge. There is still evidence of some residual molecular O 2 in the discharged sample, δ cg ( 17 O2) = 2,770 ppm. In b the slow relaxation 17 O is dominated by oxide environments coordinated to Fig. 5 | Partial reduction of O 2 trapped in voids to form Li-coordinated O 2on the 100th discharge. a , b , 17 O NMR spectra isolating fast ( a ) and slow ( b ) relaxing 17 O environments. The sharp peaks in a are assigned to trapped molecular O2, which decrease in intensity on discharge. There is still evidence of some residual molecular O 2 in the discharged sample, δ cg ( 17 O2) = 2,770 ppm. In b the slow relaxation 17 O is dominated by oxide environments coordinated to 5 75 28 352 #/texts/397 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p5:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p5:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [39.69, 763.46, 185.86, 7.0] Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 5 2 29 353 #/texts/324 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p5:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:top_margin:column_2_of_2:off_white [243, 247, 250] off_white False False [392.65, 25.88, 176.63, 6.99] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z 5 14 30 354 #/texts/336 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [249.0, 55.58, 6.01, 8.12] b b b b 5 16 31 355 #/texts/338 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [403.65, 55.58, 5.45, 8.12] c c c c 5 9 32 356 #/texts/331 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [252, 252, 252] white False False [301.12, 57.98, 47.17, 5.7] Slow relaxation Slow relaxation Slow relaxation Slow relaxation 5 26 33 357 #/texts/348 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [488.35, 65.27, 7.76, 7.38] O2 O2 O2 O2 5 13 34 358 #/texts/335 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [313.43, 65.78, 30.98, 5.7] = 100 ms) = 100 ms) = 100 ms) = 100 ms) 5 10 35 359 #/texts/332 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [305.0, 65.78, 2.09, 5.7] ( ( 5 11 36 360 #/texts/333 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [307.1, 65.78, 4.54, 5.7] D D D D 5 12 37 361 #/texts/334 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [210, 210, 210] gray True False [311.63, 69.21, 1.8, 3.95] 1 1 1 1 5 21 38 362 #/texts/343 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [403.65, 69.52, 22.76, 7.27] TM-O 2- TM-O 2- TM-O 2- TM-O 2- 5 19 39 363 #/texts/341 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [211.06, 89.47, 22.76, 7.27] TM-O 2- TM-O 2- TM-O 2- TM-O 2- 5 37 40 364 #/texts/359 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [258.78, 92.87, 40.68, 5.7] 100th charge 100th charge 100th charge 100th charge 5 25 41 365 #/texts/347 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [224.01, 104.24, 7.76, 7.38] O2 O2 O2 O2 5 20 42 366 #/texts/342 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [368.07, 106.84, 22.76, 7.27] TM-O 2- TM-O 2- TM-O 2- TM-O 2- 5 47 43 367 #/texts/369 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [248, 248, 248] white False False [189.59, 174.28, 3.75, 4.82] 0 0 0 0 5 48 44 368 #/texts/370 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [211.97, 174.28, 19.07, 4.82] -4,000 -4,000 -4,000 -4,000 5 39 45 369 #/texts/361 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [250, 250, 250] white False False [248.38, 174.28, 18.03, 4.82] 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 5 40 46 370 #/texts/362 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [245, 245, 245] gray True False [279.21, 174.28, 16.13, 4.82] 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 5 41 47 371 #/texts/363 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [248, 248, 248] white False False [309.06, 174.28, 16.18, 4.82] 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 5 42 48 372 #/texts/364 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [248, 248, 248] white False False [345.15, 174.28, 3.75, 4.82] 0 0 0 0 5 43 49 373 #/texts/365 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [253, 253, 253] white False False [367.36, 174.28, 19.07, 4.82] -4,000 -4,000 -4,000 -4,000 5 35 50 374 #/texts/357 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [315.37, 184.18, 31.7, 7.27] 17 O (ppm)) 17 O (ppm)) 17 O (ppm)) 17 O (ppm)) 5 32 51 375 #/texts/354 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [248, 248, 248] white False False [302.33, 185.75, 3.83, 5.7] δ δ 5 34 52 376 #/texts/356 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [313.27, 185.75, 2.09, 5.7] ( ( 5 17 53 377 #/texts/339 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [465.19, 187.65, 36.5, 5.7] Discharging Discharging Discharging Discharging 5 33 54 378 #/texts/355 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [223, 223, 223] gray True True [306.17, 189.18, 5.39, 3.95] cg cg cg cg 5 24 55 379 #/texts/346 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [417.2, 203.81, 18.69, 7.27] Li-O 2- Li-O 2- Li-O 2- Li-O 2- 5 27 56 380 #/texts/349 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [488.2, 207.16, 7.76, 7.38] O2 O2 O2 O2 5 38 57 381 #/texts/360 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [258.33, 222.18, 49.53, 5.7] 100th discharge 100th discharge 100th discharge 100th discharge 5 23 58 382 #/texts/345 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [251, 251, 251] white False False [385.1, 235.41, 4.86, 3.95] 2- 2- 2- 2- 5 22 59 383 #/texts/344 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [372.52, 236.98, 12.58, 5.7] Li-O Li-O Li-O Li-O 5 65 60 384 #/texts/387 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [248, 248, 248] white False False [189.59, 300.95, 3.75, 4.82] 0 0 0 0 5 66 61 385 #/texts/388 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [211.97, 300.95, 19.07, 4.82] -4,000 -4,000 -4,000 -4,000 5 57 62 386 #/texts/379 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [250, 250, 250] white False False [248.38, 300.95, 18.03, 4.82] 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 5 58 63 387 #/texts/380 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [245, 245, 245] gray True False [279.21, 300.95, 16.13, 4.82] 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 5 59 64 388 #/texts/381 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [248, 248, 248] white False False [309.06, 300.95, 16.18, 4.82] 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 5 60 65 389 #/texts/382 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [248, 248, 248] white False False [345.15, 300.95, 3.75, 4.82] 0 0 0 0 5 61 66 390 #/texts/383 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [253, 253, 253] white False False [367.36, 300.95, 19.07, 4.82] -4,000 -4,000 -4,000 -4,000 5 56 67 391 #/texts/378 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [315.37, 311.15, 31.7, 7.27] 17 O (ppm)) 17 O (ppm)) 17 O (ppm)) 17 O (ppm)) 5 53 68 392 #/texts/375 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [250, 250, 250] white False True [302.33, 312.72, 3.83, 5.7] δ δ 5 55 69 393 #/texts/377 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [254, 254, 254] white False True [313.27, 312.72, 2.09, 5.7] ( ( 5 54 70 394 #/texts/376 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [206, 206, 206] gray True True [306.17, 316.15, 5.39, 3.95] cg cg cg cg 5 70 71 395 #/texts/392 caption caption False low docling_caption docling_caption True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.47, 326.2, 254.19, 58.27] paramagnetic TM ions (TM-O 2-), δ cg = 2,100-2,300 ppm. After discharge, a new 17 O environment is formed corresponding to oxide surrounded by Li (that is, Li-O 2) created by the reduction of O 2 in the voids and reinse… paramagnetic TM ions (TM-O 2-), δ cg = 2,100-2,300 ppm. After discharge, a new 17 O environment is formed corresponding to oxide surrounded by Li (that is, Li-O 2) created by the reduction of O 2 in the voids and reinse… paramagnetic TM ions (TM-O 2-), δ cg = 2,100-2,300 ppm. After discharge, a new 17 O environment is formed corresponding to oxide surrounded by Li (that is, Li-O 2) created by the reduction of O 2 in the voids and reinsertion of Li + into the voids coordinated by the O 2, centred at δ cg = 0 ppm. D 1 , relaxation delay. c , Large voids accommodating O2 are partially repopulated by Li + on discharge. Most O 2 is reduced to O 2but some residual O 2 remains. paramagnetic TM ions (TM-O 2-), δ cg = 2,100-2,300 ppm. After discharge, a new 17 O environment is formed corresponding to oxide surrounded by Li (that is, Li-O 2) created by the reduction of O 2 in the voids and reinsertion of Li + into the voids coordinated by the O 2, centred at δ cg = 0 ppm. D 1 , relaxation delay. c , Large voids accommodating O2 are partially repopulated by Li + on discharge. Most O 2 is reduced to O 2but some residual O 2 remains. 5 72 73 397 #/texts/394 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p5:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 585.25, 199.96, 20.7] O2 loss and residual trapped O 2 explain voltage fade O2 loss and residual trapped O 2 explain voltage fade O2 loss and residual trapped O 2 explain voltage fade O2 loss and residual trapped O 2 explain voltage fade 5 76 76 400 #/texts/398 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p5:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p5:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [547.16, 763.81, 14.9, 6.99] 822 822 822 822 6 2 1 401 #/texts/399 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p6:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 24.45, 31.06, 8.75] Article Article Article Article 6 43 2 402 #/texts/440 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [91.33, 59.54, 5.44, 8.12] a a a a 6 56 3 403 #/texts/453 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [153.83, 65.59, 26.03, 5.7] Vacancy Vacancy Vacancy Vacancy 6 57 4 404 #/texts/454 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [249, 249, 249] white False False [154.74, 73.39, 24.2, 5.7] clusters clusters clusters clusters 6 47 5 405 #/texts/444 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [250, 251, 253] white False False [154.6, 231.31, 7.76, 7.38] O2 O2 O2 O2 6 48 6 406 #/texts/445 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [249, 250, 252] white False False [145.69, 239.11, 25.58, 5.7] reduced reduced reduced reduced 6 14 7 407 #/texts/411 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [96.15, 243.54, 43.45, 5.7] 2nd discharge 2nd discharge 2nd discharge 2nd discharge 6 49 8 408 #/texts/446 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [149.4, 245.34, 18.16, 7.27] to O 2- to O 2- to O 2- to O 2- 6 45 9 409 #/texts/442 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [91.33, 274.27, 5.45, 8.12] c c c c 6 64 10 410 #/texts/461 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [165.7, 342.72, 16.28, 5.48] Open Open Open Open 6 65 11 411 #/texts/462 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [167.52, 350.21, 12.64, 5.48] void void void void 6 37 12 412 #/texts/434 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [91.33, 478.61, 49.53, 5.7] 100th discharge 100th discharge 100th discharge 100th discharge 6 68 13 413 #/texts/465 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [146.06, 480.51, 27.1, 7.38] Some O 2 Some O 2 Some O 2 Some O 2 6 69 14 414 #/texts/466 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [146.83, 488.31, 25.55, 5.7] reduced reduced reduced reduced 6 71 15 415 #/texts/468 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [163.79, 494.54, 4.86, 3.95] 2- 2- 2- 2- 6 70 16 416 #/texts/467 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [150.57, 496.11, 13.23, 5.7] to O to O to O to O 6 4 17 417 #/texts/401 caption caption False low outside_body_flow_caption outside_body_flow_caption True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.68, 514.96, 251.36, 36.5] Fig. 6 | Voltage fade mechanism. a , b , Second cycle: reversible O-redox involves the formation of molecular O 2 trapped in small vacancy clusters throughout the particle. O 2 molecules are fully reduced to O 2on disch… Fig. 6 | Voltage fade mechanism. a , b , Second cycle: reversible O-redox involves the formation of molecular O 2 trapped in small vacancy clusters throughout the particle. O 2 molecules are fully reduced to O 2on disch… Fig. 6 | Voltage fade mechanism. a , b , Second cycle: reversible O-redox involves the formation of molecular O 2 trapped in small vacancy clusters throughout the particle. O 2 molecules are fully reduced to O 2on discharge forming small diamagnetic Li-rich regions. c , d , One-hundreth cycle: further TM migration Fig. 6 | Voltage fade mechanism. a , b , Second cycle: reversible O-redox involves the formation of molecular O 2 trapped in small vacancy clusters throughout the particle. O 2 molecules are fully reduced to O 2on discharge forming small diamagnetic Li-rich regions. c , d , One-hundreth cycle: further TM migration 6 75 20 420 #/texts/471 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p6:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p6:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [39.69, 763.46, 185.86, 7.0] Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 6 3 21 421 #/texts/400 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p6:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:top_margin:column_2_of_2:off_white [243, 247, 250] off_white False False [392.65, 25.88, 176.63, 6.99] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z 6 53 22 422 #/texts/450 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:top_margin:column_2_of_2:off_white [247, 247, 247] off_white False False [251.98, 54.06, 28.51, 5.7] Densified Densified Densified Densified 6 44 23 423 #/texts/441 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [310.35, 59.54, 6.01, 8.12] b b b b 6 54 24 424 #/texts/451 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [243.64, 61.86, 45.18, 5.7] rocksalt/spinel rocksalt/spinel rocksalt/spinel rocksalt/spinel 6 55 25 425 #/texts/452 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [254.94, 69.66, 22.61, 5.7] surface surface surface surface 6 15 26 426 #/texts/412 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [433.72, 93.58, 34.6, 5.7] 2nd charge 2nd charge 2nd charge 2nd charge 6 50 27 427 #/texts/447 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:off_white [251, 246, 247] off_white False False [196.28, 102.72, 7.76, 7.38] O2 O2 O2 O2 6 17 28 428 #/texts/414 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [432.28, 108.59, 46.71, 5.7] O2 formation in O2 formation in O2 formation in O2 formation in 6 16 29 429 #/texts/413 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [419.85, 108.59, 2.16, 5.7] • • 6 51 30 430 #/texts/448 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:off_white [251, 246, 247] off_white False False [188.06, 110.52, 24.22, 5.7] trapped trapped trapped trapped 6 13 31 431 #/texts/410 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [257.16, 110.55, 34.6, 5.7] 2nd charge 2nd charge 2nd charge 2nd charge 6 18 32 432 #/texts/415 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [414.81, 116.39, 69.21, 5.7] small vacancy clusters small vacancy clusters small vacancy clusters small vacancy clusters 6 52 33 433 #/texts/449 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [189.95, 118.32, 20.42, 5.7] in bulk in bulk in bulk in bulk 6 5 34 434 #/texts/402 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [176.21, 160.25, 29.78, 5.7] 2nd cycle 2nd cycle 2nd cycle 2nd cycle 6 58 35 435 #/texts/455 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [215.56, 189.44, 19.01, 5.7] Li-rich Li-rich Li-rich Li-rich 6 6 36 436 #/texts/403 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [252, 252, 252] white False False [338.55, 190.17, 43.45, 5.7] 2nd discharge 2nd discharge 2nd discharge 2nd discharge 6 59 37 437 #/texts/456 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [215.56, 197.24, 19.71, 5.7] region region region region 6 7 38 438 #/texts/404 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [327.94, 212.68, 2.16, 5.7] • • 6 8 39 439 #/texts/405 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [340.38, 212.68, 57.25, 5.7] Formation of small Formation of small Formation of small Formation of small 6 9 40 440 #/texts/406 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [321.19, 220.48, 83.2, 5.7] diamagnetic Li-rich regions diamagnetic Li-rich regions diamagnetic Li-rich regions diamagnetic Li-rich regions 6 10 41 441 #/texts/407 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [334.61, 227.7, 2.16, 5.7] • • 6 11 42 442 #/texts/408 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [347.05, 227.7, 43.92, 5.7] Dense particle Dense particle Dense particle Dense particle 6 12 43 443 #/texts/409 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [335.84, 235.5, 53.9, 5.7] structure remains structure remains structure remains structure remains 6 46 44 444 #/texts/443 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [310.35, 274.27, 6.0, 8.12] d d d d 6 60 45 445 #/texts/457 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [203.96, 275.43, 7.76, 7.38] O2 O2 O2 O2 6 40 46 446 #/texts/437 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [232.61, 284.71, 52.86, 5.7] O2 loss from void O2 loss from void O2 loss from void O2 loss from void 6 41 47 447 #/texts/438 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [250, 250, 250] white False False [235.5, 292.51, 47.09, 5.7] coarsening and coarsening and coarsening and coarsening and 6 42 48 448 #/texts/439 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [245.59, 300.31, 26.89, 5.7] opening opening opening opening 6 61 49 449 #/texts/458 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [267.53, 318.33, 7.76, 7.38] O2 O2 O2 O2 6 19 50 450 #/texts/416 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [435.53, 322.37, 40.68, 5.7] 100th charge 100th charge 100th charge 100th charge 6 20 51 451 #/texts/417 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [426.28, 337.38, 2.16, 5.7] • • 6 21 52 452 #/texts/418 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [438.71, 337.38, 46.73, 5.71] O2 formation in O2 formation in O2 formation in O2 formation in 6 36 53 453 #/texts/433 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [257.19, 342.26, 40.68, 5.7] 100th charge 100th charge 100th charge 100th charge 6 22 54 454 #/texts/419 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [420.36, 345.19, 70.99, 5.7] larger vacancy clusters larger vacancy clusters larger vacancy clusters larger vacancy clusters 6 23 55 455 #/texts/420 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [425.13, 352.4, 2.16, 5.7] • • 6 24 56 456 #/texts/421 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [437.56, 352.4, 49.02, 5.7] Particle fracture Particle fracture Particle fracture Particle fracture 6 62 57 457 #/texts/459 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [185.72, 353.41, 20.6, 5.48] Closed Closed Closed Closed 6 26 58 458 #/texts/423 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [425.44, 359.91, 73.26, 5.7] O2 loss from open voids O2 loss from open voids O2 loss from open voids O2 loss from open voids 6 25 59 459 #/texts/422 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [413.01, 359.91, 2.16, 5.7] • • 6 63 60 460 #/texts/460 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [189.7, 360.91, 12.64, 5.48] void void void void 6 39 61 461 #/texts/436 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [251, 251, 251] white False False [175.55, 403.36, 35.81, 5.7] 100th cycle 100th cycle 100th cycle 100th cycle 6 38 62 462 #/texts/435 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [342.57, 430.31, 49.53, 5.7] 100th discharge 100th discharge 100th discharge 100th discharge 6 27 63 463 #/texts/424 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [334.27, 445.24, 2.16, 5.7] • • 6 28 64 464 #/texts/425 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [346.71, 445.24, 58.96, 5.7] Formation of larger Formation of larger Formation of larger Formation of larger 6 29 65 465 #/texts/426 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [328.37, 453.04, 83.2, 5.7] diamagnetic Li-rich regions diamagnetic Li-rich regions diamagnetic Li-rich regions diamagnetic Li-rich regions 6 30 66 466 #/texts/427 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [328.75, 460.25, 2.16, 5.7] • • 6 31 67 467 #/texts/428 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [341.18, 460.25, 74.17, 5.7] Incomplete reduction of Incomplete reduction of Incomplete reduction of Incomplete reduction of 6 34 68 468 #/texts/431 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [371.22, 468.05, 49.21, 5.7] in larger closed in larger closed in larger closed in larger closed 6 32 69 469 #/texts/429 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [323.67, 468.05, 45.0, 5.7] trapped O trapped O trapped O trapped O 6 33 70 470 #/texts/430 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray [191, 191, 191] gray True True [368.73, 471.48, 2.49, 3.95] 2 2 2 2 6 66 71 471 #/texts/463 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [232.9, 474.16, 25.86, 5.7] Residual Residual Residual Residual 6 35 72 472 #/texts/432 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:1 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [253, 253, 253] white False False [363.92, 475.85, 16.25, 5.7] voids voids voids voids 6 67 73 473 #/texts/464 text visual_text False low visual_text visual_text True p6:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [228.97, 481.96, 33.72, 7.38] trapped O 2 trapped O 2 trapped O 2 trapped O 2 6 76 76 476 #/texts/472 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p6:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p6:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [252, 252, 252] white False True [547.53, 764.06, 15.15, 6.99] 823 823 823 823 7 2 1 477 #/texts/473 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p7:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 24.45, 31.06, 8.75] Article Article Article Article 7 5 4 480 #/texts/476 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p7:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 252.0, 66.19, 9.95] Implications Implications Implications Implications 7 8 7 483 #/texts/479 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p7:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 520.75, 77.44, 9.95] Online content Online content Online content Online content 7 9 8 484 #/texts/480 text metadata False medium metadata_line metadata_line True p7:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 533.31, 256.67, 50.66] Any methods, additional references, Nature Portfolio reporting summaries, source data, extended data, supplementary information, acknowledgements, peer review information; details of author contributions and competing i… Any methods, additional references, Nature Portfolio reporting summaries, source data, extended data, supplementary information, acknowledgements, peer review information; details of author contributions and competing i… Any methods, additional references, Nature Portfolio reporting summaries, source data, extended data, supplementary information, acknowledgements, peer review information; details of author contributions and competing interests; and statements of data and code availability are available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z. Any methods, additional references, Nature Portfolio reporting summaries, source data, extended data, supplementary information, acknowledgements, peer review information; details of author contributions and competing interests; and statements of data and code availability are available at 7 10 9 485 #/texts/481 section_header back_matter_heading False low intermediate_back_matter_heading intermediate_back_matter_heading True p7:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 596.0, 57.53, 9.95] References References References References 7 11 10 486 #/texts/482 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p7:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 608.8, 243.63, 39.27] Lu, Z., Beaulieu, L. Y., Donaberger, R. A., Thomas, C. L. & Dahn, J. R. Synthesis, structure, and electrochemical behavior of Li[Ni x Li 1/3-2 x /3 Mn2/3x /3 ]O2. J. Electrochem. Soc. 149 , A778 (2002). Lu, Z., Beaulieu, L. Y., Donaberger, R. A., Thomas, C. L. & Dahn, J. R. Synthesis, structure, and electrochemical behavior of Li[Ni x Li 1/3-2 x /3 Mn2/3x /3 ]O2. J. Electrochem. Soc. 149 , A778 (2002). Lu, Z., Beaulieu, L. Y., Donaberger, R. A., Thomas, C. L. & Dahn, J. R. Synthesis, structure, and electrochemical behavior of Li[Ni x Li 1/3-2 x /3 Mn2/3x /3 ]O2. J. Electrochem. Soc. 149 , A778 (2002). Lu, Z., Beaulieu, L. Y., Donaberger, R. A., Thomas, C. L. & Dahn, J. R. Synthesis, structure, and electrochemical behavior of Li[Ni x Li 1/3-2 x /3 Mn2/3x /3 ]O2. J. Electrochem. Soc. 149 , A778 (2002). 7 12 11 487 #/texts/483 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p7:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.68, 651.8, 233.22, 28.52] Lu, Z., MacNeil, D. D. & Dahn, J. R. Layered Li[Ni x Co1-2 x Mn x ] O2 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 4 , 4-8 (2001). Lu, Z., MacNeil, D. D. & Dahn, J. R. Layered Li[Ni x Co1-2 x Mn x ] O2 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 4 , 4-8 (2001). Lu, Z., MacNeil, D. D. & Dahn, J. R. Layered Li[Ni x Co1-2 x Mn x ] O2 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 4 , 4-8 (2001). Lu, Z., MacNeil, D. D. & Dahn, J. R. Layered Li[Ni x Co1-2 x Mn x ] O2 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 4 , 4-8 (2001). 7 13 12 488 #/texts/484 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p7:body_region:0 page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 684.05, 248.13, 28.52] Thackeray, M. M. et al. Li 2 MnO3-stabilized LiMO2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co) electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. 17 , 3112-3125 (2007). Thackeray, M. M. et al. Li 2 MnO3-stabilized LiMO2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co) electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. 17 , 3112-3125 (2007). Thackeray, M. M. et al. Li 2 MnO3-stabilized LiMO2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co) electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. 17 , 3112-3125 (2007). Thackeray, M. M. et al. Li 2 MnO3-stabilized LiMO2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co) electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. 17 , 3112-3125 (2007). 7 14 13 489 #/texts/485 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p7:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 716.3, 256.14, 28.52] Johnson, C. S. et al. The significance of the Li2MnO3 component in ' composite' x Li 2 MnO3·(1x )LiMn0.5 Ni 0.5 O2 electrodes. Electrochem. Commun. 6 , 1085-1091 (2004). Johnson, C. S. et al. The significance of the Li2MnO3 component in ' composite' x Li 2 MnO3·(1x )LiMn0.5 Ni 0.5 O2 electrodes. Electrochem. Commun. 6 , 1085-1091 (2004). Johnson, C. S. et al. The significance of the Li2MnO3 component in ' composite' x Li 2 MnO3·(1x )LiMn0.5 Ni 0.5 O2 electrodes. Electrochem. Commun. 6 , 1085-1091 (2004). Johnson, C. S. et al. The significance of the Li2MnO3 component in ' composite' x Li 2 MnO3·(1x )LiMn0.5 Ni 0.5 O2 electrodes. Electrochem. Commun. 6 , 1085-1091 (2004). 7 35 14 490 #/texts/506 page_footer page_footer False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p7:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p7:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [39.69, 763.46, 185.86, 7.0] Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 7 3 15 491 #/texts/474 page_header page_header False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:top_margin:column_2_of_2:off_white [243, 247, 250] off_white False False [392.65, 25.88, 176.63, 6.99] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z 7 15 16 492 #/texts/486 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 49.8, 246.41, 28.52] Lu, Z. & Dahn, J. R. Understanding the anomalous capacity of Li/ Li[Ni x Li (1/3-2 x /3) Mn(2/3x /3) ]O2 cells using in situ X-ray diffraction and electrochemical studies. J. Electrochem. Soc. 149 , A815 (2002). Lu, Z. & Dahn, J. R. Understanding the anomalous capacity of Li/ Li[Ni x Li (1/3-2 x /3) Mn(2/3x /3) ]O2 cells using in situ X-ray diffraction and electrochemical studies. J. Electrochem. Soc. 149 , A815 (2002). Lu, Z. & Dahn, J. R. Understanding the anomalous capacity of Li/ Li[Ni x Li (1/3-2 x /3) Mn(2/3x /3) ]O2 cells using in situ X-ray diffraction and electrochemical studies. J. Electrochem. Soc. 149 , A815 (2002). Lu, Z. & Dahn, J. R. Understanding the anomalous capacity of Li/ Li[Ni x Li (1/3-2 x /3) Mn(2/3x /3) ]O2 cells using in situ X-ray diffraction and electrochemical studies. J. Electrochem. Soc. 149 , A815 (2002). 7 16 17 493 #/texts/487 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 82.05, 245.31, 39.27] Oishi, M. et al. Direct observation of reversible oxygen anion redox reaction in Li-rich manganese oxide, Li 2 MnO3, studied by soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. J. Mater. Chem. A 4 , 9293-9302 (2016). Oishi, M. et al. Direct observation of reversible oxygen anion redox reaction in Li-rich manganese oxide, Li 2 MnO3, studied by soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. J. Mater. Chem. A 4 , 9293-9302 (2016). Oishi, M. et al. Direct observation of reversible oxygen anion redox reaction in Li-rich manganese oxide, Li 2 MnO3, studied by soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. J. Mater. Chem. A 4 , 9293-9302 (2016). Oishi, M. et al. Direct observation of reversible oxygen anion redox reaction in Li-rich manganese oxide, Li 2 MnO3, studied by soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. J. Mater. Chem. A 4 , 9293-9302 (2016). 7 17 18 494 #/texts/488 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.15, 125.05, 241.53, 28.51] Koga, H. et al. Reversible oxygen participation to the redox processes revealed for Li 1.20 Mn0.54 Co0.13 Ni 0.13 O2. J. Electrochem. Soc. 160 , A786-A792 (2013). Koga, H. et al. Reversible oxygen participation to the redox processes revealed for Li 1.20 Mn0.54 Co0.13 Ni 0.13 O2. J. Electrochem. Soc. 160 , A786-A792 (2013). Koga, H. et al. Reversible oxygen participation to the redox processes revealed for Li 1.20 Mn0.54 Co0.13 Ni 0.13 O2. J. Electrochem. Soc. 160 , A786-A792 (2013). Koga, H. et al. Reversible oxygen participation to the redox processes revealed for Li 1.20 Mn0.54 Co0.13 Ni 0.13 O2. J. Electrochem. Soc. 160 , A786-A792 (2013). 7 18 19 495 #/texts/489 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 157.3, 240.31, 39.26] Koga, H. et al. Operando X-ray absorption study of the redox processes involved upon cycling of the Li-rich layered oxide Li 1.20 Mn0.54 Co0.13 Ni 0.13 O2 in Li ion batteries. J. Phys. Chem. C 118 , 5700-5709 (2014). Koga, H. et al. Operando X-ray absorption study of the redox processes involved upon cycling of the Li-rich layered oxide Li 1.20 Mn0.54 Co0.13 Ni 0.13 O2 in Li ion batteries. J. Phys. Chem. C 118 , 5700-5709 (2014). Koga, H. et al. Operando X-ray absorption study of the redox processes involved upon cycling of the Li-rich layered oxide Li 1.20 Mn0.54 Co0.13 Ni 0.13 O2 in Li ion batteries. J. Phys. Chem. C 118 , 5700-5709 (2014). Koga, H. et al. Operando X-ray absorption study of the redox processes involved upon cycling of the Li-rich layered oxide Li 1.20 Mn0.54 Co0.13 Ni 0.13 O2 in Li ion batteries. J. Phys. Chem. C 118 , 5700-5709 (2014). 7 19 20 496 #/texts/490 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 200.3, 248.39, 28.52] Luo, K. et al. Charge-compensation in 3 d -transition-metal-oxide intercalation cathodes through the generation of localized electron holes on oxygen. Nat. Chem. 8 , 684-691 (2016). Luo, K. et al. Charge-compensation in 3 d -transition-metal-oxide intercalation cathodes through the generation of localized electron holes on oxygen. Nat. Chem. 8 , 684-691 (2016). Luo, K. et al. Charge-compensation in 3 d -transition-metal-oxide intercalation cathodes through the generation of localized electron holes on oxygen. Nat. Chem. 8 , 684-691 (2016). Luo, K. et al. Charge-compensation in 3 d -transition-metal-oxide intercalation cathodes through the generation of localized electron holes on oxygen. Nat. Chem. 8 , 684-691 (2016). 7 20 21 497 #/texts/491 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 232.56, 252.76, 39.26] Yabuuchi, N., Yoshii, K., Myung, S. T., Nakai, I. & Komaba, S. Detailed studies of a high-capacity electrode material for rechargeable batteries, Li 2 MnO3-LiCo1/3Ni1/3 Mn1/3 O2. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 , 4404-4419 (2011). Yabuuchi, N., Yoshii, K., Myung, S. T., Nakai, I. & Komaba, S. Detailed studies of a high-capacity electrode material for rechargeable batteries, Li 2 MnO3-LiCo1/3Ni1/3 Mn1/3 O2. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 , 4404-4419 (2011). Yabuuchi, N., Yoshii, K., Myung, S. T., Nakai, I. & Komaba, S. Detailed studies of a high-capacity electrode material for rechargeable batteries, Li 2 MnO3-LiCo1/3Ni1/3 Mn1/3 O2. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 , 4404-4419 (2011). Yabuuchi, N., Yoshii, K., Myung, S. T., Nakai, I. & Komaba, S. Detailed studies of a high-capacity electrode material for rechargeable batteries, Li 2 MnO3-LiCo1/3Ni1/3 Mn1/3 O2. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 , 4404-4419 (2011). 7 21 22 498 #/texts/492 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 275.55, 252.67, 28.51] Ito, A. et al. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopic study of Li-rich layered cathode material Li[Ni 0.17 Li 0.2 Co0.07 Mn0.56 ]O2. J. Power Sources 196 , 6828-6834 (2011). Ito, A. et al. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopic study of Li-rich layered cathode material Li[Ni 0.17 Li 0.2 Co0.07 Mn0.56 ]O2. J. Power Sources 196 , 6828-6834 (2011). Ito, A. et al. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopic study of Li-rich layered cathode material Li[Ni 0.17 Li 0.2 Co0.07 Mn0.56 ]O2. J. Power Sources 196 , 6828-6834 (2011). Ito, A. et al. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopic study of Li-rich layered cathode material Li[Ni 0.17 Li 0.2 Co0.07 Mn0.56 ]O2. J. Power Sources 196 , 6828-6834 (2011). 7 22 23 499 #/texts/493 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 307.8, 251.15, 28.52] Fu, F. et al. Structure dependent electrochemical performance of Li-rich layered oxides in lithium-ion batteries. Nano Energy 35 , 370-378 (2017). Fu, F. et al. Structure dependent electrochemical performance of Li-rich layered oxides in lithium-ion batteries. Nano Energy 35 , 370-378 (2017). Fu, F. et al. Structure dependent electrochemical performance of Li-rich layered oxides in lithium-ion batteries. Nano Energy 35 , 370-378 (2017). Fu, F. et al. Structure dependent electrochemical performance of Li-rich layered oxides in lithium-ion batteries. Nano Energy 35 , 370-378 (2017). 7 23 24 500 #/texts/494 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 340.06, 253.42, 28.52] Hu, E. et al. Evolution of redox couples in Li- and Mn-rich cathode materials and mitigation of voltage fade by reducing oxygen release. Nat. Energy 3 , 690-698 (2018). Hu, E. et al. Evolution of redox couples in Li- and Mn-rich cathode materials and mitigation of voltage fade by reducing oxygen release. Nat. Energy 3 , 690-698 (2018). Hu, E. et al. Evolution of redox couples in Li- and Mn-rich cathode materials and mitigation of voltage fade by reducing oxygen release. Nat. Energy 3 , 690-698 (2018). Hu, E. et al. Evolution of redox couples in Li- and Mn-rich cathode materials and mitigation of voltage fade by reducing oxygen release. Nat. Energy 3 , 690-698 (2018). 7 24 25 501 #/texts/495 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 372.31, 252.81, 17.77] Sathiya, M. et al. Origin of voltage decay in high-capacity layered oxide electrodes. Nat. Mater. 14 , 230-238 (2015). Sathiya, M. et al. Origin of voltage decay in high-capacity layered oxide electrodes. Nat. Mater. 14 , 230-238 (2015). Sathiya, M. et al. Origin of voltage decay in high-capacity layered oxide electrodes. Nat. Mater. 14 , 230-238 (2015). Sathiya, M. et al. Origin of voltage decay in high-capacity layered oxide electrodes. Nat. Mater. 14 , 230-238 (2015). 7 25 26 502 #/texts/496 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 393.82, 245.29, 28.52] Dogan, F. et al. Re-entrant lithium local environments and defect driven electrochemistry of Li- and Mn-rich Li-ion battery cathodes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137 , 2328-2335 (2015). Dogan, F. et al. Re-entrant lithium local environments and defect driven electrochemistry of Li- and Mn-rich Li-ion battery cathodes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137 , 2328-2335 (2015). Dogan, F. et al. Re-entrant lithium local environments and defect driven electrochemistry of Li- and Mn-rich Li-ion battery cathodes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137 , 2328-2335 (2015). Dogan, F. et al. Re-entrant lithium local environments and defect driven electrochemistry of Li- and Mn-rich Li-ion battery cathodes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137 , 2328-2335 (2015). 7 26 27 503 #/texts/497 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 426.07, 238.08, 28.52] Eum, D. et al. Voltage decay and redox asymmetry mitigation by reversible cation migration in lithium-rich layered oxide electrodes. Nat. Mater. 19 , 419-427 (2020). Eum, D. et al. Voltage decay and redox asymmetry mitigation by reversible cation migration in lithium-rich layered oxide electrodes. Nat. Mater. 19 , 419-427 (2020). Eum, D. et al. Voltage decay and redox asymmetry mitigation by reversible cation migration in lithium-rich layered oxide electrodes. Nat. Mater. 19 , 419-427 (2020). Eum, D. et al. Voltage decay and redox asymmetry mitigation by reversible cation migration in lithium-rich layered oxide electrodes. Nat. Mater. 19 , 419-427 (2020). 7 27 28 504 #/texts/498 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 458.33, 237.33, 28.52] Gent, W. E. et al. Coupling between oxygen redox and cation migration explains unusual electrochemistry in lithium-rich layered oxides. Nat. Commun. 8 , 2091 (2017). Gent, W. E. et al. Coupling between oxygen redox and cation migration explains unusual electrochemistry in lithium-rich layered oxides. Nat. Commun. 8 , 2091 (2017). Gent, W. E. et al. Coupling between oxygen redox and cation migration explains unusual electrochemistry in lithium-rich layered oxides. Nat. Commun. 8 , 2091 (2017). Gent, W. E. et al. Coupling between oxygen redox and cation migration explains unusual electrochemistry in lithium-rich layered oxides. Nat. Commun. 8 , 2091 (2017). 7 28 29 505 #/texts/499 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 490.55, 250.07, 39.27] Mohanty, D. et al. Investigating phase transformation in the Li 1.2C o0.1 Mn0.55 Ni 0.15 O2 lithium-ion battery cathode during high-voltage hold (4.5 V) via magnetic, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy studies. J… Mohanty, D. et al. Investigating phase transformation in the Li 1.2C o0.1 Mn0.55 Ni 0.15 O2 lithium-ion battery cathode during high-voltage hold (4.5 V) via magnetic, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy studies. J… Mohanty, D. et al. Investigating phase transformation in the Li 1.2C o0.1 Mn0.55 Ni 0.15 O2 lithium-ion battery cathode during high-voltage hold (4.5 V) via magnetic, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy studies. J. Mater. Chem. A 1 , 6249-6261 (2013). Mohanty, D. et al. Investigating phase transformation in the Li 1.2C o0.1 Mn0.55 Ni 0.15 O2 lithium-ion battery cathode during high-voltage hold (4.5 V) via magnetic, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy studies. J. Mater. Chem. A 1 , 6249-6261 (2013). 7 29 30 506 #/texts/500 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.15, 533.55, 252.27, 39.27] Xu, B., Fell, C. R., Chi, M. & Meng, Y. S. Identifying surface structural changes in layered Li-excess nickel manganese oxides in high voltage lithium ion batteries: a joint experimental and theoretical study. Energy En… Xu, B., Fell, C. R., Chi, M. & Meng, Y. S. Identifying surface structural changes in layered Li-excess nickel manganese oxides in high voltage lithium ion batteries: a joint experimental and theoretical study. Energy En… Xu, B., Fell, C. R., Chi, M. & Meng, Y. S. Identifying surface structural changes in layered Li-excess nickel manganese oxides in high voltage lithium ion batteries: a joint experimental and theoretical study. Energy Environ. Sci. 4 , 2223-2233 (2011). Xu, B., Fell, C. R., Chi, M. & Meng, Y. S. Identifying surface structural changes in layered Li-excess nickel manganese oxides in high voltage lithium ion batteries: a joint experimental and theoretical study. Energy Environ. Sci. 4 , 2223-2233 (2011). 7 30 31 507 #/texts/501 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.15, 576.56, 223.03, 28.52] Gu, M. et al. Formation of the spinel phase in the layered composite cathode used in Li-Ion batteries. ACS Nano 7 , 760-767 (2013). Gu, M. et al. Formation of the spinel phase in the layered composite cathode used in Li-Ion batteries. ACS Nano 7 , 760-767 (2013). Gu, M. et al. Formation of the spinel phase in the layered composite cathode used in Li-Ion batteries. ACS Nano 7 , 760-767 (2013). Gu, M. et al. Formation of the spinel phase in the layered composite cathode used in Li-Ion batteries. ACS Nano 7 , 760-767 (2013). 7 31 32 508 #/texts/502 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.15, 608.82, 256.89, 28.52] Mohanty, D. et al. Unraveling the voltage-fade mechanism in high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries: origin of the tetrahedral cations for spinel conversion. Chem. Mater. 26 , 6272-6280 (2014). Mohanty, D. et al. Unraveling the voltage-fade mechanism in high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries: origin of the tetrahedral cations for spinel conversion. Chem. Mater. 26 , 6272-6280 (2014). Mohanty, D. et al. Unraveling the voltage-fade mechanism in high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries: origin of the tetrahedral cations for spinel conversion. Chem. Mater. 26 , 6272-6280 (2014). Mohanty, D. et al. Unraveling the voltage-fade mechanism in high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries: origin of the tetrahedral cations for spinel conversion. Chem. Mater. 26 , 6272-6280 (2014). 7 32 33 509 #/texts/503 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.16, 641.07, 257.03, 28.52] Wu, Y. et al. Probing the initiation of voltage decay in Li-rich layered cathode materials at the atomic scale. J. Mater. Chem. A 3 , 5385-5391 (2015). Wu, Y. et al. Probing the initiation of voltage decay in Li-rich layered cathode materials at the atomic scale. J. Mater. Chem. A 3 , 5385-5391 (2015). Wu, Y. et al. Probing the initiation of voltage decay in Li-rich layered cathode materials at the atomic scale. J. Mater. Chem. A 3 , 5385-5391 (2015). Wu, Y. et al. Probing the initiation of voltage decay in Li-rich layered cathode materials at the atomic scale. J. Mater. Chem. A 3 , 5385-5391 (2015). 7 33 34 510 #/texts/504 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.16, 673.33, 251.2, 28.52] Hua, W. et al. Structural insights into the formation and voltage degradation of lithium- and manganese-rich layered oxides. Nat. Commun. 10 , 1-11 (2019). Hua, W. et al. Structural insights into the formation and voltage degradation of lithium- and manganese-rich layered oxides. Nat. Commun. 10 , 1-11 (2019). Hua, W. et al. Structural insights into the formation and voltage degradation of lithium- and manganese-rich layered oxides. Nat. Commun. 10 , 1-11 (2019). Hua, W. et al. Structural insights into the formation and voltage degradation of lithium- and manganese-rich layered oxides. Nat. Commun. 10 , 1-11 (2019). 7 34 35 511 #/texts/505 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.16, 705.58, 234.96, 39.23] Koga, H. et al. Different oxygen redox participation for bulk and surface: a possible global explanation for the cycling mechanism of Li1.20 Mn0.54 Co0.13 Ni 0.13 O2. J. Power Sources 236 , 250-258 (2013). Koga, H. et al. Different oxygen redox participation for bulk and surface: a possible global explanation for the cycling mechanism of Li1.20 Mn0.54 Co0.13 Ni 0.13 O2. J. Power Sources 236 , 250-258 (2013). Koga, H. et al. Different oxygen redox participation for bulk and surface: a possible global explanation for the cycling mechanism of Li1.20 Mn0.54 Co0.13 Ni 0.13 O2. J. Power Sources 236 , 250-258 (2013). Koga, H. et al. Different oxygen redox participation for bulk and surface: a possible global explanation for the cycling mechanism of Li1.20 Mn0.54 Co0.13 Ni 0.13 O2. J. Power Sources 236 , 250-258 (2013). 7 36 36 512 #/texts/507 page_footer page_footer False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p7:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [546.77, 763.81, 15.28, 6.99] 824 824 824 824 8 1 1 513 #/texts/508 page_header page_header False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 24.45, 31.06, 8.75] Article Article Article Article 8 3 2 514 #/texts/510 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 49.8, 249.96, 28.52] Yu, Z. et al. Relationship between voltage hysteresis and voltage decay in lithium-rich layered oxide cathodes. J. Phys. Chem. C 125 , 16913-16920 (2021). Yu, Z. et al. Relationship between voltage hysteresis and voltage decay in lithium-rich layered oxide cathodes. J. Phys. Chem. C 125 , 16913-16920 (2021). Yu, Z. et al. Relationship between voltage hysteresis and voltage decay in lithium-rich layered oxide cathodes. J. Phys. Chem. C 125 , 16913-16920 (2021). Yu, Z. et al. Relationship between voltage hysteresis and voltage decay in lithium-rich layered oxide cathodes. J. Phys. Chem. C 125 , 16913-16920 (2021). 8 4 3 515 #/texts/511 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 82.05, 253.31, 17.77] Croy, J. R. et al. Examining hysteresis in composite x Li 2 MnO3·(1x ) LiMO2 cathode structures. J. Phys. Chem. C 117 , 6525-6536 (2013). Croy, J. R. et al. Examining hysteresis in composite x Li 2 MnO3·(1x ) LiMO2 cathode structures. J. Phys. Chem. C 117 , 6525-6536 (2013). Croy, J. R. et al. Examining hysteresis in composite x Li 2 MnO3·(1x ) LiMO2 cathode structures. J. Phys. Chem. C 117 , 6525-6536 (2013). Croy, J. R. et al. Examining hysteresis in composite x Li 2 MnO3·(1x ) LiMO2 cathode structures. J. Phys. Chem. C 117 , 6525-6536 (2013). 8 5 4 516 #/texts/512 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 103.55, 243.12, 17.77] Yan, P. et al. Injection of oxygen vacancies in the bulk lattice of layered cathodes. Nat. Nanotechnol. 14 , 602-608 (2019). Yan, P. et al. Injection of oxygen vacancies in the bulk lattice of layered cathodes. Nat. Nanotechnol. 14 , 602-608 (2019). Yan, P. et al. Injection of oxygen vacancies in the bulk lattice of layered cathodes. Nat. Nanotechnol. 14 , 602-608 (2019). Yan, P. et al. Injection of oxygen vacancies in the bulk lattice of layered cathodes. Nat. Nanotechnol. 14 , 602-608 (2019). 8 6 5 517 #/texts/513 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 125.05, 253.36, 17.77] Csernica, P. M. et al. Persistent and partially mobile oxygen vacancies in Li-rich layered oxides. Nat. Energy 6 , 642-652 (2021). Csernica, P. M. et al. Persistent and partially mobile oxygen vacancies in Li-rich layered oxides. Nat. Energy 6 , 642-652 (2021). Csernica, P. M. et al. Persistent and partially mobile oxygen vacancies in Li-rich layered oxides. Nat. Energy 6 , 642-652 (2021). Csernica, P. M. et al. Persistent and partially mobile oxygen vacancies in Li-rich layered oxides. Nat. Energy 6 , 642-652 (2021). 8 7 6 518 #/texts/514 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 146.56, 246.63, 28.52] Grenier, A. et al. Nanostructure transformation as a signature of oxygen redox in Li-rich 3 d and 4 d cathodes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143 , 5763-5770 (2021). Grenier, A. et al. Nanostructure transformation as a signature of oxygen redox in Li-rich 3 d and 4 d cathodes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143 , 5763-5770 (2021). Grenier, A. et al. Nanostructure transformation as a signature of oxygen redox in Li-rich 3 d and 4 d cathodes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143 , 5763-5770 (2021). Grenier, A. et al. Nanostructure transformation as a signature of oxygen redox in Li-rich 3 d and 4 d cathodes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143 , 5763-5770 (2021). 8 8 7 519 #/texts/515 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.7, 178.8, 250.73, 17.77] House, R. A. et al. Covalency does not suppress O 2 formation in 4 d and 5 d Li-rich O-redox cathodes. Nat. Commun. 12 , 1-7 (2021). House, R. A. et al. Covalency does not suppress O 2 formation in 4 d and 5 d Li-rich O-redox cathodes. Nat. Commun. 12 , 1-7 (2021). House, R. A. et al. Covalency does not suppress O 2 formation in 4 d and 5 d Li-rich O-redox cathodes. Nat. Commun. 12 , 1-7 (2021). House, R. A. et al. Covalency does not suppress O 2 formation in 4 d and 5 d Li-rich O-redox cathodes. Nat. Commun. 12 , 1-7 (2021). 8 9 8 520 #/texts/516 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.68, 200.3, 249.26, 28.51] House, R. A. et al. First cycle voltage hysteresis in Li-rich 3 d cathodes associated with molecular O 2 trapped in the bulk. Nat. Energy 5 , 777-785 (2020). House, R. A. et al. First cycle voltage hysteresis in Li-rich 3 d cathodes associated with molecular O 2 trapped in the bulk. Nat. Energy 5 , 777-785 (2020). House, R. A. et al. First cycle voltage hysteresis in Li-rich 3 d cathodes associated with molecular O 2 trapped in the bulk. Nat. Energy 5 , 777-785 (2020). House, R. A. et al. First cycle voltage hysteresis in Li-rich 3 d cathodes associated with molecular O 2 trapped in the bulk. Nat. Energy 5 , 777-785 (2020). 8 10 9 521 #/texts/517 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 232.55, 254.27, 17.77] House, R. A. et al. Superstructure control of first-cycle voltage hysteresis in oxygen-redox cathodes. Nature 577 , 502-508 (2020). House, R. A. et al. Superstructure control of first-cycle voltage hysteresis in oxygen-redox cathodes. Nature 577 , 502-508 (2020). House, R. A. et al. Superstructure control of first-cycle voltage hysteresis in oxygen-redox cathodes. Nature 577 , 502-508 (2020). House, R. A. et al. Superstructure control of first-cycle voltage hysteresis in oxygen-redox cathodes. Nature 577 , 502-508 (2020). 8 11 10 522 #/texts/518 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 254.05, 252.59, 28.52] Zhu, Z. et al. Gradient Li-rich oxide cathode particles immunized against oxygen release by a molten salt treatment. Nat. Energy 4 , 1049-1058 (2019). Zhu, Z. et al. Gradient Li-rich oxide cathode particles immunized against oxygen release by a molten salt treatment. Nat. Energy 4 , 1049-1058 (2019). Zhu, Z. et al. Gradient Li-rich oxide cathode particles immunized against oxygen release by a molten salt treatment. Nat. Energy 4 , 1049-1058 (2019). Zhu, Z. et al. Gradient Li-rich oxide cathode particles immunized against oxygen release by a molten salt treatment. Nat. Energy 4 , 1049-1058 (2019). 8 12 11 523 #/texts/519 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 286.31, 251.93, 28.52] Qiu, B. et al. Gas-solid interfacial modification of oxygen activity in layered oxide cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. Nat. Commun. 7 , 1-10 (2016). Qiu, B. et al. Gas-solid interfacial modification of oxygen activity in layered oxide cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. Nat. Commun. 7 , 1-10 (2016). Qiu, B. et al. Gas-solid interfacial modification of oxygen activity in layered oxide cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. Nat. Commun. 7 , 1-10 (2016). Qiu, B. et al. Gas-solid interfacial modification of oxygen activity in layered oxide cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. Nat. Commun. 7 , 1-10 (2016). 8 13 12 524 #/texts/520 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 318.57, 249.11, 28.5] Yin, W. et al. Structural evolution at the oxidative and reductive limits in the first electrochemical cycle of Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Mn0.54 Co0.13 O2. Nat. Commun. 11 , 1-11 (2020). Yin, W. et al. Structural evolution at the oxidative and reductive limits in the first electrochemical cycle of Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Mn0.54 Co0.13 O2. Nat. Commun. 11 , 1-11 (2020). Yin, W. et al. Structural evolution at the oxidative and reductive limits in the first electrochemical cycle of Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Mn0.54 Co0.13 O2. Nat. Commun. 11 , 1-11 (2020). Yin, W. et al. Structural evolution at the oxidative and reductive limits in the first electrochemical cycle of Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Mn0.54 Co0.13 O2. Nat. Commun. 11 , 1-11 (2020). 8 14 13 525 #/texts/521 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.68, 350.8, 236.63, 17.77] Liu, T. et al. Origin of structural degradation in Li-rich layered oxide cathode. Nature 606 , 305-312 (2022). Liu, T. et al. Origin of structural degradation in Li-rich layered oxide cathode. Nature 606 , 305-312 (2022). Liu, T. et al. Origin of structural degradation in Li-rich layered oxide cathode. Nature 606 , 305-312 (2022). Liu, T. et al. Origin of structural degradation in Li-rich layered oxide cathode. Nature 606 , 305-312 (2022). 8 15 14 526 #/texts/522 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.67, 371.18, 246.04, 29.63] Fraissard, J. & Ito, T . 129 Xe n.m.r. study of adsorbed xenon: a new method for studying zeolites and metal-zeolites. Zeolites 8 , 350-361 (1988). Fraissard, J. & Ito, T . 129 Xe n.m.r. study of adsorbed xenon: a new method for studying zeolites and metal-zeolites. Zeolites 8 , 350-361 (1988). Fraissard, J. & Ito, T . 129 Xe n.m.r. study of adsorbed xenon: a new method for studying zeolites and metal-zeolites. Zeolites 8 , 350-361 (1988). Fraissard, J. & Ito, T . 129 Xe n.m.r. study of adsorbed xenon: a new method for studying zeolites and metal-zeolites. Zeolites 8 , 350-361 (1988). 8 16 15 527 #/texts/523 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 404.55, 249.98, 17.77] Meersmann, T. & Brunner, E. Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 Magnetic Resonance (The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015). Meersmann, T. & Brunner, E. Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 Magnetic Resonance (The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015). Meersmann, T. & Brunner, E. Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 Magnetic Resonance (The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015). Meersmann, T. & Brunner, E. Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 Magnetic Resonance (The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015). 8 25 16 528 #/texts/532 page_footer page_footer False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter False None bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p8:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [39.69, 763.46, 185.86, 7.0] Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 Nature Materials | Volume 23 | June 2024 | 818-825 8 2 17 529 #/texts/509 page_header page_header False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p8:body_region:0 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:top_margin:column_2_of_2:off_white [243, 247, 250] off_white False False [392.65, 25.88, 176.63, 6.99] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z 8 17 18 530 #/texts/524 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p8:body_region:0 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.15, 48.68, 230.6, 29.63] Terskikh, V. V. et al. A general correlation for the 129 Xe NMR chemical shift-pore size relationship in porous silica-based materials. Langmuir 18 , 5653-5656 (2002). Terskikh, V. V. et al. A general correlation for the 129 Xe NMR chemical shift-pore size relationship in porous silica-based materials. Langmuir 18 , 5653-5656 (2002). Terskikh, V. V. et al. A general correlation for the 129 Xe NMR chemical shift-pore size relationship in porous silica-based materials. Langmuir 18 , 5653-5656 (2002). Terskikh, V. V. et al. A general correlation for the 129 Xe NMR chemical shift-pore size relationship in porous silica-based materials. Langmuir 18 , 5653-5656 (2002). 8 18 19 531 #/texts/525 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p8:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 82.05, 249.96, 28.52] Dogan, F. et al. Solid state NMR studies of Li 2 MnO3 and Li-rich cathode materials: proton insertion, local structure, and voltage fade. J. Electrochem. Soc. 162 , A235-A243 (2015). Dogan, F. et al. Solid state NMR studies of Li 2 MnO3 and Li-rich cathode materials: proton insertion, local structure, and voltage fade. J. Electrochem. Soc. 162 , A235-A243 (2015). Dogan, F. et al. Solid state NMR studies of Li 2 MnO3 and Li-rich cathode materials: proton insertion, local structure, and voltage fade. J. Electrochem. Soc. 162 , A235-A243 (2015). Dogan, F. et al. Solid state NMR studies of Li 2 MnO3 and Li-rich cathode materials: proton insertion, local structure, and voltage fade. J. Electrochem. Soc. 162 , A235-A243 (2015). 8 19 20 532 #/texts/526 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p8:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 114.3, 251.88, 28.52] House, R. A. et al. The role of O 2 in O-redox cathodes for Li-ion batteries. Nat. Energy https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-021-007802 (2021). House, R. A. et al. The role of O 2 in O-redox cathodes for Li-ion batteries. Nat. Energy House, R. A. et al. The role of O 2 in O-redox cathodes for Li-ion batteries. Nat. Energy https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-021-007802 (2021). House, R. A. et al. The role of O 2 in O-redox cathodes for Li-ion batteries. Nat. Energy 8 20 21 533 #/texts/527 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p8:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 146.55, 248.63, 39.27] Gerothanassis, I. P., Momenteau, M. & Loock, B. Hydrogen-bond stabilization of dioxygen, conformation excitation, and autoxidation mechanism in hemoprotein models as revealed by 170 NMR spectroscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1… Gerothanassis, I. P., Momenteau, M. & Loock, B. Hydrogen-bond stabilization of dioxygen, conformation excitation, and autoxidation mechanism in hemoprotein models as revealed by 170 NMR spectroscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1… Gerothanassis, I. P., Momenteau, M. & Loock, B. Hydrogen-bond stabilization of dioxygen, conformation excitation, and autoxidation mechanism in hemoprotein models as revealed by 170 NMR spectroscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111 , 7006-7012 (1989). Gerothanassis, I. P., Momenteau, M. & Loock, B. Hydrogen-bond stabilization of dioxygen, conformation excitation, and autoxidation mechanism in hemoprotein models as revealed by 170 NMR spectroscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111 , 7006-7012 (1989). 8 21 22 534 #/texts/528 list_item reference False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p8:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 189.56, 249.56, 28.52] Sharifi-Asl, S. et al. Revealing grain-boundary-induced degradation mechanisms in Li-rich cathode materials. Nano Lett. 20 , 1208-1217 (2020). Sharifi-Asl, S. et al. Revealing grain-boundary-induced degradation mechanisms in Li-rich cathode materials. Nano Lett. 20 , 1208-1217 (2020). Sharifi-Asl, S. et al. Revealing grain-boundary-induced degradation mechanisms in Li-rich cathode materials. Nano Lett. 20 , 1208-1217 (2020). Sharifi-Asl, S. et al. Revealing grain-boundary-induced degradation mechanisms in Li-rich cathode materials. Nano Lett. 20 , 1208-1217 (2020). 8 22 23 535 #/texts/529 text unknown_text False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p8:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 232.57, 241.98, 17.77] Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. 8 23 24 536 #/texts/530 text body_candidate_excluded False high inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p8:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 264.82, 253.85, 136.04] Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give app… Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give app… Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the 8 24 25 537 #/texts/531 list_item metadata False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p8:body_region:0 page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 415.35, 77.35, 7.02] © The Author(s) 2024 © The Author(s) 2024 © The Author(s) 2024 © The Author(s) 2024 8 26 26 538 #/texts/533 page_footer page_footer False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p8:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p8:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [249, 249, 249] white False True [547.69, 764.06, 14.98, 6.99] 825 825 825 825 9 1 1 539 #/texts/534 page_header page_header False low inside_back_matter inside_back_matter True p9:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 24.45, 31.06, 8.75] Article Article Article Article 9 3 2 540 #/texts/536 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p9:body_region:0 top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 47.75, 45.99, 9.95] Methods Methods Methods Methods 9 4 3 541 #/texts/537 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p9:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 59.95, 109.91, 8.11] Co-precipitation synthesis Co-precipitation synthesis Co-precipitation synthesis Co-precipitation synthesis 9 6 5 543 #/texts/539 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p9:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 264.2, 138.36, 8.11] Electrochemical characterization Electrochemical characterization Electrochemical characterization Electrochemical characterization 9 8 7 545 #/texts/541 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p9:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 446.95, 240.37, 8.11] Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy 9 10 9 547 #/texts/543 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p9:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [39.69, 532.95, 23.86, 8.11] PXRD PXRD PXRD PXRD 9 12 11 549 #/texts/545 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p9:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [39.69, 575.95, 43.72, 8.11] ADF-STEM ADF-STEM ADF-STEM ADF-STEM 9 14 13 551 #/texts/547 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p9:body_region:0 body_zone column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [39.69, 672.7, 19.95, 8.11] RIXS RIXS RIXS RIXS 9 34 15 553 #/texts/566 page_footer page_footer False low docling_page_footer docling_page_footer True p9:body_region:0 bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p9:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:gray [239, 245, 249] gray True False [39.69, 763.46, 61.32, 7.0] Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials 9 2 16 554 #/texts/535 page_header page_header False low docling_page_header docling_page_header True p9:body_region:1 top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:top_margin:column_2_of_2:gray [238, 244, 249] gray True False [392.65, 25.82, 167.85, 7.4] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z 9 17 18 556 #/texts/549 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p9:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 112.51, 186.78, 9.3] Solid-state 17 O and 6 Li MAS NMR spectroscopy Solid-state 17 O and 6 Li MAS NMR spectroscopy Solid-state 17 O and 6 Li MAS NMR spectroscopy Solid-state 17 O and 6 Li MAS NMR spectroscopy 9 19 20 558 #/texts/551 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p9:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 241.51, 65.28, 9.3] 129 Xe static NMR 129 Xe static NMR 129 Xe static NMR 129 Xe static NMR 9 21 22 560 #/texts/553 section_header body_heading False low body_heading body_heading True p9:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [306.14, 350.2, 16.42, 8.11] BET BET BET BET 9 23 24 562 #/texts/555 section_header back_matter_heading False low back_matter_heading back_matter_heading stop_trigger True p9:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 402.5, 85.11, 9.95] Data availability Data availability Data availability Data availability 9 24 25 563 #/texts/556 text metadata False medium after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p9:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 415.06, 256.65, 29.16] All the data generated or analysed during this study are included within the paper and its Extended Data figures and tables. Source data are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request. All the data generated or analysed during this study are included within the paper and its Extended Data figures and tables. Source data are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request. All the data generated or analysed during this study are included within the paper and its Extended Data figures and tables. Source data are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request. All the data generated or analysed during this study are included within the paper and its Extended Data figures and tables. Source data are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request. 9 25 26 564 #/texts/557 section_header back_matter_heading False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p9:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False True [306.14, 456.25, 57.53, 9.95] References References References References 9 26 27 565 #/texts/558 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p9:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 469.05, 238.96, 28.52] Zhou, K-J. et al. I21: an advanced high-resolution resonant inelastic X-ray scattering beamline at Diamond Light Source. J. Synchrotron Radiat. 29 , 563-580 (2022). Zhou, K-J. et al. I21: an advanced high-resolution resonant inelastic X-ray scattering beamline at Diamond Light Source. J. Synchrotron Radiat. 29 , 563-580 (2022). Zhou, K-J. et al. I21: an advanced high-resolution resonant inelastic X-ray scattering beamline at Diamond Light Source. J. Synchrotron Radiat. 29 , 563-580 (2022). Zhou, K-J. et al. I21: an advanced high-resolution resonant inelastic X-ray scattering beamline at Diamond Light Source. J. Synchrotron Radiat. 29 , 563-580 (2022). 9 27 28 566 #/texts/559 list_item reference False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p9:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 500.18, 254.78, 29.63] Terskikh, V. V., Mudrakovskii, I. L. & Mastikhin, V. M. 129 Xe nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the porous structure of silica gels. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 89 , 4239-4243 (1993). Terskikh, V. V., Mudrakovskii, I. L. & Mastikhin, V. M. 129 Xe nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the porous structure of silica gels. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 89 , 4239-4243 (1993). Terskikh, V. V., Mudrakovskii, I. L. & Mastikhin, V. M. 129 Xe nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the porous structure of silica gels. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 89 , 4239-4243 (1993). Terskikh, V. V., Mudrakovskii, I. L. & Mastikhin, V. M. 129 Xe nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the porous structure of silica gels. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 89 , 4239-4243 (1993). 9 28 29 567 #/texts/560 section_header back_matter_heading False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p9:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 542.25, 102.54, 9.95] Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Acknowledgements 9 29 30 568 #/texts/561 text back_matter_text False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p9:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 555.05, 257.0, 60.78] P.G.B. is indebted to the EPSRC, the Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials (EP/R00661X/1, EP/S019367/1, EP/R010145/1 and EP/L019469/1) and the Faraday Institution (FIRG016) for financial support. R.A.H. acknowled… P.G.B. is indebted to the EPSRC, the Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials (EP/R00661X/1, EP/S019367/1, EP/R010145/1 and EP/L019469/1) and the Faraday Institution (FIRG016) for financial support. R.A.H. acknowled… P.G.B. is indebted to the EPSRC, the Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials (EP/R00661X/1, EP/S019367/1, EP/R010145/1 and EP/L019469/1) and the Faraday Institution (FIRG016) for financial support. R.A.H. acknowledges funding from the Royal Academy of Engineering under the Research Fellowship scheme. We acknowledge Diamond Light Source for time on I21 under proposal MM25785. P.G.B. is indebted to the EPSRC, the Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials (EP/R00661X/1, EP/S019367/1, EP/R010145/1 and EP/L019469/1) and the Faraday Institution (FIRG016) for financial support. R.A.H. acknowledges funding from the Royal Academy of Engineering under the Research Fellowship scheme. We acknowledge Diamond Light Source for time on I21 under proposal MM25785. 9 30 31 569 #/texts/562 section_header back_matter_heading False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p9:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 628.25, 111.43, 9.95] Author contributions Author contributions Author contributions Author contributions 9 31 32 570 #/texts/563 text body_candidate_excluded False medium after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p9:body_region:1 body_zone column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 641.05, 256.79, 71.53] J.-J.M. conducted the synthesis and characterization work. J.-J.M. prepared the 129 Xe-infiltrated samples, R.A.H. prepared the 17 O-labelled samples and G.J.R. performed and fitted the MAS NMR. R.A.H. and J.-J.M. in cl… J.-J.M. conducted the synthesis and characterization work. J.-J.M. prepared the 129 Xe-infiltrated samples, R.A.H. prepared the 17 O-labelled samples and G.J.R. performed and fitted the MAS NMR. R.A.H. and J.-J.M. in cl… J.-J.M. conducted the synthesis and characterization work. J.-J.M. prepared the 129 Xe-infiltrated samples, R.A.H. prepared the 17 O-labelled samples and G.J.R. performed and fitted the MAS NMR. R.A.H. and J.-J.M. in close collaboration with S.A., M.G.-F. and K.-J.Z. conducted the RIXS measurements. A.W.R. and J.C. conducted the ADF-STEM measurements. M.J. performed the BET measurements. J.-J.M., R.A.H. and P.G.B. wrote the paper with contributions from all authors. J.-J.M. conducted the synthesis and characterization work. J.-J.M. prepared the 129 Xe-infiltrated samples, R.A.H. prepared the 17 O-labelled samples and G.J.R. performed and fitted the MAS NMR. R.A.H. and J.-J.M. in close collaboration with S.A., M.G.-F. and K.-J.Z. conducted the RIXS measurements. A.W.R. and J.C. conducted the ADF-STEM measurements. M.J. performed the BET measurements. J.-J.M., R.A.H. and P.G.B. wrote the paper with contributions from all authors. 9 32 33 571 #/texts/564 section_header back_matter_text False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p9:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 725.0, 106.08, 9.95] Competing interests Competing interests Competing interests Competing interests 9 33 34 572 #/texts/565 text back_matter_text False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop True p9:body_region:1 bottom_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p9:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 737.8, 160.03, 7.02] The authors declare no competing interests. The authors declare no competing interests. The authors declare no competing interests. The authors declare no competing interests. 10 1 1 573 #/texts/567 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p10:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 24.45, 31.06, 8.75] Article Article Article Article 10 3 2 574 #/texts/569 section_header unknown_text False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p10:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 47.75, 120.86, 9.95] Additional information Additional information Additional information Additional information 10 4 3 575 #/texts/570 text unknown_text False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p10:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 60.55, 157.48, 7.02] Extended data is available for this paper at Extended data is available for this paper at Extended data is available for this paper at Extended data is available for this paper at 10 5 4 576 #/texts/571 text metadata False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p10:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [254, 254, 254] white False False [39.69, 71.3, 161.21, 7.02] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z. 10 6 5 577 #/texts/572 text back_matter_text False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_1_of_2 1 2 p10:page_body:column_1_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 92.8, 249.6, 17.77] Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Robert A. House or Peter G. Bruce. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Robert A. House or Peter G. Bruce. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Robert A. House or Peter G. Bruce. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Robert A. House or Peter G. Bruce. 10 9 6 578 #/texts/575 page_footer page_footer False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None bottom_margin column_1_of_2 1 2 p10:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:gray [239, 245, 249] gray True False [39.69, 763.46, 61.32, 7.0] Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials 10 2 7 579 #/texts/568 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p10:top_margin:column_2_of_2:gray [238, 244, 249] gray True False [392.65, 25.82, 167.85, 7.4] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z 10 7 8 580 #/texts/573 text body_candidate_excluded False medium after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin column_2_of_2 2 2 p10:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 49.8, 233.31, 28.52] Peer review information Nature Materials thanks William Chueh, Naoaki Yabuuchi and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Peer review information Nature Materials thanks William Chueh, Naoaki Yabuuchi and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Peer review information Nature Materials thanks William Chueh, Naoaki Yabuuchi and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Peer review information Nature Materials thanks William Chueh, Naoaki Yabuuchi and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. 10 8 9 581 #/texts/574 text body_candidate_excluded False medium after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body column_2_of_2 2 2 p10:page_body:column_2_of_2:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [306.14, 92.81, 193.31, 17.77] Reprints and permissions information is available at www.nature.com/reprints. Reprints and permissions information is available at Reprints and permissions information is available at www.nature.com/reprints. Reprints and permissions information is available at 11 1 1 582 #/texts/576 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin left None None p11:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 24.45, 31.06, 8.75] Article Article Article Article 11 2 2 583 #/texts/577 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin right None None p11:top_margin:right:gray [238, 244, 249] gray True False [392.65, 25.82, 167.85, 7.4] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z 11 3 3 584 #/texts/578 caption caption False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body full None None p11:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.68, 225.57, 503.0, 16.5] Extended Data Fig. 1 | SEM and EDX images for Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13Mn0.54O2showing elemental distribution. Spherical particles of 3-4 μm in diameter can be seen, while the EDX elemental analysis confirms a homogenous dis… Extended Data Fig. 1 | SEM and EDX images for Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13Mn0.54O2showing elemental distribution. Spherical particles of 3-4 μm in diameter can be seen, while the EDX elemental analysis confirms a homogenous dis… Extended Data Fig. 1 | SEM and EDX images for Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13Mn0.54O2showing elemental distribution. Spherical particles of 3-4 μm in diameter can be seen, while the EDX elemental analysis confirms a homogenous distribution of metals within the grains. Extended Data Fig. 1 | SEM and EDX images for Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13Mn0.54O2showing elemental distribution. Spherical particles of 3-4 μm in diameter can be seen, while the EDX elemental analysis confirms a homogenous distribution of metals within the grains. 11 4 4 585 #/texts/579 page_footer page_footer False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None bottom_margin left None None p11:bottom_margin:left:gray [239, 245, 249] gray True False [39.69, 763.46, 61.32, 7.0] Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials 12 1 1 586 #/texts/580 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin left None None p12:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 24.45, 31.06, 8.75] Article Article Article Article 12 2 2 587 #/texts/581 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin right None None p12:top_margin:right:gray [238, 244, 249] gray True False [392.65, 25.82, 167.85, 7.4] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z 12 3 3 588 #/texts/582 caption caption False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body full None None p12:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.68, 467.25, 498.47, 16.5] Extended Data Fig. 2 | Electrochemical cycling data at different rates. ( a ) Cycling data collected at different current rates of 100 and 20 mA/g (C/3 and C/15). A similar degree of voltage ( b ) and capacity ( c ) fad… Extended Data Fig. 2 | Electrochemical cycling data at different rates. ( a ) Cycling data collected at different current rates of 100 and 20 mA/g (C/3 and C/15). A similar degree of voltage ( b ) and capacity ( c ) fad… Extended Data Fig. 2 | Electrochemical cycling data at different rates. ( a ) Cycling data collected at different current rates of 100 and 20 mA/g (C/3 and C/15). A similar degree of voltage ( b ) and capacity ( c ) fade is observed. Extended Data Fig. 2 | Electrochemical cycling data at different rates. ( a ) Cycling data collected at different current rates of 100 and 20 mA/g (C/3 and C/15). A similar degree of voltage ( b ) and capacity ( c ) fade is observed. 12 4 4 589 #/texts/583 page_footer page_footer False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None bottom_margin left None None p12:bottom_margin:left:gray [239, 245, 249] gray True False [39.69, 763.46, 61.32, 7.0] Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials 13 1 1 590 #/texts/584 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin left None None p13:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 24.45, 31.06, 8.75] Article Article Article Article 13 2 2 591 #/texts/585 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin right None None p13:top_margin:right:gray [238, 244, 249] gray True False [392.65, 25.82, 167.85, 7.4] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z 13 3 3 592 #/texts/586 caption caption False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body full None None p13:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 651.69, 508.14, 16.5] Extended Data Fig. 3 | SEM and EDX for the mixed metal carbonate precursor. Spherical particles of 3-4 μm in diameter can be seen in the SEM and EDX shows a homogenous distribution of metals within grains and between pa… Extended Data Fig. 3 | SEM and EDX for the mixed metal carbonate precursor. Spherical particles of 3-4 μm in diameter can be seen in the SEM and EDX shows a homogenous distribution of metals within grains and between pa… Extended Data Fig. 3 | SEM and EDX for the mixed metal carbonate precursor. Spherical particles of 3-4 μm in diameter can be seen in the SEM and EDX shows a homogenous distribution of metals within grains and between particles. Extended Data Fig. 3 | SEM and EDX for the mixed metal carbonate precursor. Spherical particles of 3-4 μm in diameter can be seen in the SEM and EDX shows a homogenous distribution of metals within grains and between particles. 13 4 4 593 #/texts/587 page_footer page_footer False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None bottom_margin left None None p13:bottom_margin:left:gray [239, 245, 249] gray True False [39.69, 763.46, 61.32, 7.0] Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials 14 1 1 594 #/texts/588 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin left None None p14:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 24.45, 31.06, 8.75] Article Article Article Article 14 2 2 595 #/texts/589 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin right None None p14:top_margin:right:gray [238, 244, 249] gray True False [392.65, 25.82, 167.85, 7.4] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z 14 3 3 596 #/texts/590 caption caption False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body full None None p14:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 223.06, 521.81, 17.45] Extended Data Fig. 4 | Additional ADF-STEM images. ( a ) Pristine, ( b ) 2 nd cycle and ( c ) 100 th cycle. Again, well defined atomic layers can be seen within the grains in the pristine and 2 nd cycles, while the imag… Extended Data Fig. 4 | Additional ADF-STEM images. ( a ) Pristine, ( b ) 2 nd cycle and ( c ) 100 th cycle. Again, well defined atomic layers can be seen within the grains in the pristine and 2 nd cycles, while the imag… Extended Data Fig. 4 | Additional ADF-STEM images. ( a ) Pristine, ( b ) 2 nd cycle and ( c ) 100 th cycle. Again, well defined atomic layers can be seen within the grains in the pristine and 2 nd cycles, while the images from the 100 th cycle highlight the presence of voids. Extended Data Fig. 4 | Additional ADF-STEM images. ( a ) Pristine, ( b ) 2 nd cycle and ( c ) 100 th cycle. Again, well defined atomic layers can be seen within the grains in the pristine and 2 nd cycles, while the images from the 100 th cycle highlight the presence of voids. 14 4 4 597 #/texts/591 page_footer page_footer False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None bottom_margin left None None p14:bottom_margin:left:gray [239, 245, 249] gray True False [39.69, 763.46, 61.32, 7.0] Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials 15 1 1 598 #/texts/592 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin left None None p15:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 24.45, 31.06, 8.75] Article Article Article Article 15 2 2 599 #/texts/593 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin right None None p15:top_margin:right:gray [238, 244, 249] gray True False [392.65, 25.82, 167.85, 7.4] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z 15 3 3 600 #/texts/594 caption caption False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body full None None p15:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.68, 433.78, 522.6, 17.45] Extended Data Fig. 5 | ADF-STEM images for samples collected after the 100 th cycle. Voids are outlined in orange and range in dimensions from 4 to 12 nm. The likely interconnection of several of these voids is apparent. Extended Data Fig. 5 | ADF-STEM images for samples collected after the 100 th cycle. Voids are outlined in orange and range in dimensions from 4 to 12 nm. The likely interconnection of several of these voids is apparent. Extended Data Fig. 5 | ADF-STEM images for samples collected after the 100 th cycle. Voids are outlined in orange and range in dimensions from 4 to 12 nm. The likely interconnection of several of these voids is apparent. Extended Data Fig. 5 | ADF-STEM images for samples collected after the 100 th cycle. Voids are outlined in orange and range in dimensions from 4 to 12 nm. The likely interconnection of several of these voids is apparent. 15 4 4 601 #/texts/595 page_footer page_footer False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None bottom_margin left None None p15:bottom_margin:left:gray [239, 245, 249] gray True False [39.69, 763.46, 61.32, 7.0] Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials 16 1 1 602 #/texts/596 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin left None None p16:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 24.45, 31.06, 8.75] Article Article Article Article 16 2 2 603 #/texts/597 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin right None None p16:top_margin:right:gray [238, 244, 249] gray True False [392.65, 25.82, 167.85, 7.4] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z 16 3 3 604 #/texts/598 caption caption False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body full None None p16:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.68, 306.34, 501.57, 17.45] Extended Data Fig. 6 | 129 Xe NMR data. 129 Xe NMR data at different stages of cycling alongside a plot of void size vs chemical shift 45 . The minimum void size in the samples is around ~17 nm, as taken from a maximum … Extended Data Fig. 6 | 129 Xe NMR data. 129 Xe NMR data at different stages of cycling alongside a plot of void size vs chemical shift 45 . The minimum void size in the samples is around ~17 nm, as taken from a maximum … Extended Data Fig. 6 | 129 Xe NMR data. 129 Xe NMR data at different stages of cycling alongside a plot of void size vs chemical shift 45 . The minimum void size in the samples is around ~17 nm, as taken from a maximum chemical shift of 50 ppm. Extended Data Fig. 6 | 129 Xe NMR data. 129 Xe NMR data at different stages of cycling alongside a plot of void size vs chemical shift 45 . The minimum void size in the samples is around ~17 nm, as taken from a maximum chemical shift of 50 ppm. 16 4 4 605 #/texts/599 page_footer page_footer False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None bottom_margin left None None p16:bottom_margin:left:gray [239, 245, 249] gray True False [39.69, 763.46, 61.32, 7.0] Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials 17 1 1 606 #/texts/600 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin left None None p17:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 24.45, 31.06, 8.75] Article Article Article Article 17 2 2 607 #/texts/601 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin right None None p17:top_margin:right:gray [238, 244, 249] gray True False [392.65, 25.82, 167.85, 7.4] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z 17 3 3 608 #/texts/602 caption caption False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body full None None p17:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.68, 219.82, 514.04, 27.45] Extended Data Fig. 7 | BET data. ( a ) BET data showing the pore size distributions for the pristine, 2 nd cycle and 100 th cycle samples. To remove the contribution from carbon and binder which were present in all samp… Extended Data Fig. 7 | BET data. ( a ) BET data showing the pore size distributions for the pristine, 2 nd cycle and 100 th cycle samples. To remove the contribution from carbon and binder which were present in all samp… Extended Data Fig. 7 | BET data. ( a ) BET data showing the pore size distributions for the pristine, 2 nd cycle and 100 th cycle samples. To remove the contribution from carbon and binder which were present in all samples, the pristine data were subtracted from the 2 nd and 100 th cycle data to better observe the changes in cathode particle porosity, ( b ). Extended Data Fig. 7 | BET data. ( a ) BET data showing the pore size distributions for the pristine, 2 nd cycle and 100 th cycle samples. To remove the contribution from carbon and binder which were present in all samples, the pristine data were subtracted from the 2 nd and 100 th cycle data to better observe the changes in cathode particle porosity, ( b ). 17 4 4 609 #/texts/603 page_footer page_footer False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None bottom_margin left None None p17:bottom_margin:left:gray [239, 245, 249] gray True False [39.69, 763.46, 61.32, 7.0] Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials 18 1 1 610 #/texts/604 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin left None None p18:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 24.45, 31.06, 8.75] Article Article Article Article 18 2 2 611 #/texts/605 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin right None None p18:top_margin:right:gray [238, 244, 249] gray True False [392.65, 25.82, 167.85, 7.4] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z 18 3 3 612 #/texts/606 caption caption False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None page_body full None None p18:page_body:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 303.22, 494.49, 7.45] Extended Data Fig. 8 | RIXS line scans. RIXS line scans collected at 531.5 eV at different sample locations for the charged samples of ( a ) 2 nd and ( b ) 100 th cycles. Extended Data Fig. 8 | RIXS line scans. RIXS line scans collected at 531.5 eV at different sample locations for the charged samples of ( a ) 2 nd and ( b ) 100 th cycles. Extended Data Fig. 8 | RIXS line scans. RIXS line scans collected at 531.5 eV at different sample locations for the charged samples of ( a ) 2 nd and ( b ) 100 th cycles. Extended Data Fig. 8 | RIXS line scans. RIXS line scans collected at 531.5 eV at different sample locations for the charged samples of ( a ) 2 nd and ( b ) 100 th cycles. 18 4 4 613 #/texts/607 page_footer page_footer False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None bottom_margin left None None p18:bottom_margin:left:gray [239, 245, 249] gray True False [39.69, 763.46, 61.32, 7.0] Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials 19 1 1 614 #/texts/608 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin left None None p19:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 24.45, 31.06, 8.75] Article Article Article Article 19 2 2 615 #/texts/609 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin right None None p19:top_margin:right:gray [240, 246, 249] gray True False [392.65, 25.88, 171.81, 7.0] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z 19 3 3 616 #/texts/610 section_header unknown_text False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin left_crossing None None p19:top_margin:left_crossing:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 49.89, 261.87, 9.1] Extended Data Table 1 | ICP-OES data for Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13Mn0.54O2 Extended Data Table 1 | ICP-OES data for Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13Mn0.54O2 Extended Data Table 1 | ICP-OES data for Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13Mn0.54O2 Extended Data Table 1 | ICP-OES data for Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13Mn0.54O2 19 4 4 617 #/texts/611 page_footer page_footer False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None bottom_margin left None None p19:bottom_margin:left:gray [239, 245, 249] gray True False [39.69, 763.46, 61.32, 7.0] Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials 20 1 1 618 #/texts/612 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin left None None p20:top_margin:left:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 24.45, 31.06, 8.75] Article Article Article Article 20 2 2 619 #/texts/613 page_header page_header False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin right None None p20:top_margin:right:gray [240, 246, 249] gray True False [392.65, 25.88, 171.81, 7.0] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01833-z 20 3 3 620 #/texts/614 section_header unknown_text False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None top_margin full None None p20:top_margin:full:white [255, 255, 255] white False False [39.69, 49.89, 478.99, 9.1] Extended Data Table 2 | Rietveld Refinement parameters of powder X-ray diffraction data for Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13Mn0.54O2 Extended Data Table 2 | Rietveld Refinement parameters of powder X-ray diffraction data for Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13Mn0.54O2 Extended Data Table 2 | Rietveld Refinement parameters of powder X-ray diffraction data for Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13Mn0.54O2 Extended Data Table 2 | Rietveld Refinement parameters of powder X-ray diffraction data for Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13Mn0.54O2 20 4 4 621 #/texts/615 page_footer page_footer False low after_back_matter_stop after_back_matter_stop after_stop False None bottom_margin left None None p20:bottom_margin:left:gray [239, 245, 249] gray True False [39.69, 763.46, 61.32, 7.0] Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials Nature Materials