Excluded Docling blocks

这里是差集：Docling 全量解析 text block 减去最终会进入正文的 block。优先人工检查 risk=high / medium。

layout_review.html excluded_blocks.json excluded_blocks.tsv final_body_blocks.tsv visual_assets.tsv original.pdf

Diff Summary

{
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Truncation

{
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  "message": "Body extraction stopped at page 10 block #/texts/580: Data availability. 37 following text blocks were excluded as after_back_matter_stop.",
  "stop_trigger": {
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    "role_guess": "back_matter_heading",
    "body_decision_reason": "back_matter_heading",
    "text_preview": "Data availability"
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  "first_truncated_block": {
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    "text_preview": "The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors upon request."
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Excluded Page Overlays

这些框显示被排除块，同时叠加真实图表资产框。青色虚线表示该 text block 被图表资产 caption 吸收；红色 STOP 是截断触发点，红色框是截断后被排除的块。

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Visual Assets

这是实际图表资产输出，不是审计层重新推断。

#	type	label	page	caption source	confidence	bbox	caption
1	figure	Fig. 1	2	sequence_or_inferred_caption	0.82	[38.05, 44.56, 518.57, 356.44]	Fig. 1 \| Electrochemical profile and initial structure of the LMR cathodes. a , The X-ray diffraction pattern and Rietveld refinement results of the LMR cathode. b , Charge-discharge curves of the LMR cathode within a voltage range of 2.0-4.8 V at 0.1C rate current. c , High-resolution TEM image showing the atomic arrangement of the LMR cathode. d , Enlarged image of c . Regular 'bright-bright-dark' arrangements are identified as Li2MnO3 domains, which are characterized by the well-known honeycomb Li-Mn ordering. LiTMO2 domains are identified with no distinguished dark spots in the bright spot columns. e , Schematic structure of LiTMO 2 domains and Li2MnO3 domains.
2	figure	Fig. 2	3	sequence_or_inferred_caption	0.82	[32.39, 45.99, 492.51, 586.96]	Fig. 2 \| Strain evolution of the LMR primary particle and its relationship with oxygen release. a-l , In situ ( a ) BCDI images of the 3D LMR particle in the strain field, measured at 3.2 V (OCV) ( b ), 3.75 V ( c ), 3.90 V ( d ), 3.99 V ( e ), 4.09 V ( f ), 4.25 V ( g ), 4.38 V ( h ), 4.43 V ( i ), 4.46 V ( j ), 4.49 V ( k ) and 4.51 V ( l ). The compressive and tensile strains are expressed by blue and red colours, respectively. The strain evolution in each state is detailed by the spatial location of the slices along the y axis. m , In situ differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy measurements for the LMR primary particle. n , Formation energy of O vacancies in Li 2 MnO3 and Li1.5 MnO3 when tensile strains are applied. o , Schematic illustration of the influence of lattice strain on O release.
3	figure	Fig. 3	4	sequence_or_inferred_caption	0.82	[35.21, 48.06, 525.48, 263.51]	Fig. 3 \| Multiscale X-ray diffraction techniques used to investigate the structure evolution of the LMR cathode. a , Schematic of multiscale X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques used in this work. b , In situ CMCD for the DebyeScherrer ring of the (003) peak along with charge and discharge (Dis) curves of the LMR cathode. With just tens of particles giving diffraction signals, CMCD can record semi-statistical information on the structure transmissions of LMR particles and the response of individual crystals, which are typically not visible in conventional X-ray diffraction. Bright spots in the left column show initial multicrystal diffraction corresponding to tens of particles. D 1 , D 2 and D 3 correspond to three lattice distances. c , Ex situ HEXRD of the LMR cathode measured at different potentials. The peak marked by * comes from the polytetrafluoroethylene binder.
4	figure	Fig. 4	5	sequence_or_inferred_caption	0.82	[35.44, 47.62, 521.0, 522.71]	Fig. 4 \| Visible observation from atomic-level TEM, 3D electron diffraction and chemical state analysis from EELS. a , Low-magnification TEM image of the LMR cathode charged to 4.47 V. b , Enlarged image of the LMR particle's bulk area. c , High-resolution TEM image of the LMR surface. d , Schematic of the data collection process of 3D-rED. e , Reciprocal lattice along the a * axis of the LMR cathode. f , Enlarged image of the selected area in e . g , SAED image of delithiated sample (4.5 V) at a certain angle of rotation. h , Low-magnification TEM image of the LMR cathode charged to 4.8 V. i , j , EELS line-scan of O K edge ( i ) and Mn L 2,3 edge ( j ) of the LMR cathode charged to 4.8 V. k , 2D EELS mapping of Mn-L3/L2. The high value and low value coloured by red and navy blue correspond to lower and higher valance states of Mn, respectively.
5	figure	Fig. 5	6	sequence_or_inferred_caption	0.82	[60.57, 49.52, 475.34, 168.21]	Fig. 5 \| Schematic of the correlation of strain generation and O release as well as transition metal migration. The LiTMO2 and Li 2MnO3 domains share a coherent lattice at the nanoscale but exhibit differentiated electrochemical activities due to different redox chemistries. The initial Li extraction predominately occurs in the LiTMO2 domains and results in local lattice expansion. The lattice expansion is partly confined by the inactive Li2MnO3, which results in tensile strain at the nanoscale. The accumulated tensile strain severely affects the structural stability of the composite LMR cathode, which may trigger the decomposition of Li2MnO3 domains, oxygen release and transition metal (TM) migration. The activation of Li 2MnO3 and oxygen release in turn release the lattice strain at high voltages.
6	figure	Docling Figure 6	11	missing_caption	0.55	[35.01, 45.52, 521.99, 499.69]
7	figure	Docling Figure 7	12	missing_caption	0.55	[36.85, 45.96, 518.32, 418.85]
8	figure	Docling Figure 8	13	missing_caption	0.55	[41.3, 45.56, 516.37, 281.28]
9	figure	Docling Figure 9	14	missing_caption	0.55	[40.5, 45.99, 515.42, 295.04]
10	figure	Docling Figure 10	15	missing_caption	0.55	[43.18, 47.17, 513.43, 513.26]
11	figure	Docling Figure 11	16	missing_caption	0.55	[39.67, 45.25, 508.9, 609.01]
12	figure	Docling Figure 12	17	missing_caption	0.55	[33.78, 46.52, 524.15, 409.97]
13	figure	Docling Figure 13	18	missing_caption	0.55	[35.02, 44.53, 522.87, 641.66]
14	figure	Docling Figure 14	19	missing_caption	0.55	[34.57, 46.7, 481.39, 608.8]
15	figure	Docling Figure 15	20	missing_caption	0.55	[38.24, 45.73, 516.91, 380.19]
16	table	Docling Table 16	21	missing_caption	0.55	[36.94, 70.8, 513.1, 250.67]
17	table	Docling Table 17	22	missing_caption	0.55	[38.1, 71.09, 511.29, 148.73]

Excluded Blocks

risk	page	order	label	role	reason	parser reason	trunc	body region	region	bg	bbox	raw text	cleaned text
medium	1	1	section_header	unknown_text	first_page_front_matter_heading	first_page_front_matter_heading		p1:body_region:0	p1:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 50.78, 487.81, 52.07]	Origin of structural degradation in Li-rich layered oxide cathode	Origin of structural degradation in Li-rich layered oxide cathode
medium	1	4	text	unknown_text	abstract_boundary_dates	abstract_boundary_dates		p1:body_region:0	p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 178.75, 96.29, 7.0]	Accepted: 23 March 2022	Accepted: 23 March 2022
medium	1	13	text	metadata	first_page_metadata	first_page_metadata		p1:body_region:0	p1:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.68, 693.39, 516.3, 51.1]	1 Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA. 2 School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China. 3 X -ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA. 4 Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA. 5 London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK. 6 Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA. 7 Materials Science, Energy and Nano-engineering Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco. 8 Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. 9 Present address: Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong. 10 These authors contributed equally: Tongchao Liu, Jiajie Liu, Luxi Li. ✉ e-mail: junlu@anl.gov; panfeng@pkusz.edu.cn; amine@anl.gov	1 Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA. 2 School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China. 3 X -ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA. 4 Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA. 5 London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK. 6 Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA. 7 Materials Science, Energy and Nano-engineering Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco. 8 Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. 9 Present address: Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong. 10 These authors contributed equally: Tongchao Liu, Jiajie Liu, Luxi Li. ✉ e-mail: junlu@anl.gov; panfeng@pkusz.edu.cn; amine@anl.gov
medium	7	507	text	metadata	metadata_line	metadata_line		p7:body_region:1	p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 189.31, 256.61, 50.66]	Any methods, additional references, Nature Research reporting summaries, source data, extended data, supplementary information, acknowledgements, peer review information; details of author contributions and competing interests; and statements of data and code availability are available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04689-y.	Any methods, additional references, Nature Research reporting summaries, source data, extended data, supplementary information, acknowledgements, peer review information; details of author contributions and competing interests; and statements of data and code availability are available at
medium	10	596	text	body_candidate_excluded	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop	p10:body_region:1	p10:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[236, 236, 236] gray	[306.14, 491.76, 230.84, 5.26]	Reprints and permissions information is available at http://www.nature.com/reprints.	Reprints and permissions information is available at
medium	21	621	text	body_candidate_excluded	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p21:page_body:full:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 334.02, 491.08, 6.63]	The XRD pattern of the LMR cathode is refined using the two-phase model, which consists of both rhombohedral R3 ̅ m and monoclinic C2/m phases that are present in LMR cathodes.	The XRD pattern of the LMR cathode is refined using the two-phase model, which consists of both rhombohedral R3 ̅ m and monoclinic C2/m phases that are present in LMR cathodes.
medium	22	624	text	body_candidate_excluded	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p22:page_body:left_crossing:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 231.17, 423.01, 6.1]	There are the average coordination number (CN), path distance (R), Debye-Waller factor (σ 2 ), threshold energy correction (∆E), and the R-Factor of the fitting.	There are the average coordination number (CN), path distance (R), Debye-Waller factor (σ 2 ), threshold energy correction (∆E), and the R-Factor of the fitting.
low	1	0	page_header	page_header	document_ui	document_ui		p1:body_region:0	p1:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 28.55, 42.48, 12.28]	Article	Article
low	1	2	text	metadata	first_page_metadata	first_page_metadata		p1:body_region:0	p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 146.55, 164.42, 7.0]	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04689-y
low	1	3	text	metadata	first_page_metadata	first_page_metadata		p1:body_region:0	p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 162.65, 82.34, 7.0]	Received: 8 June 2021	Received: 8 June 2021
low	1	6	text	metadata	first_page_metadata	first_page_metadata		p1:body_region:0	p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 194.86, 111.62, 7.0]	Published online: 8 June 2022	Published online: 8 June 2022
low	1	14	page_footer	page_footer	docling_page_footer	docling_page_footer		p1:body_region:1	p1:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[420.84, 763.83, 140.42, 7.02]	Nature \| Vol 606 \| 9 June 2022 \| 305	Nature \| Vol 606 \| 9 June 2022 \| 305
low	2	15	section_header	metadata	document_ui	document_ui		p2:body_region:0	p2:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 28.55, 47.1, 12.23]	Article	Article
low	2	16	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[47.89, 54.4, 4.89, 6.96]	a	a
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low	2	21	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[154.85, 206.71, 3.89, 6.0]	4	4
low	2	22	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[49.8, 237.94, 4.89, 6.96]	c	c
low	2	23	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_1_of_2:gray	[145, 145, 145] gray	[59.04, 386.64, 15.7, 6.0]	5 nm	5 nm
low	2	24	caption	caption	outside_body_flow_caption	outside_body_flow_caption		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 409.22, 245.59, 6.48]	Fig. 1 \| Electrochemical profile and initial structure of the LMR cathodes.	Fig. 1 \| Electrochemical profile and initial structure of the LMR cathodes.
low	2	25	caption	caption	docling_caption	docling_caption		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 419.22, 247.95, 36.51]	a , The X-ray diffraction pattern and Rietveld refinement results of the LMR cathode. b , Charge-discharge curves of the LMR cathode within a voltage range of 2.0-4.8 V at 0.1C rate current. c , High-resolution TEM image showing the atomic arrangement of the LMR cathode. d , Enlarged image of c .	a , The X-ray diffraction pattern and Rietveld refinement results of the LMR cathode. b , Charge-discharge curves of the LMR cathode within a voltage range of 2.0-4.8 V at 0.1C rate current. c , High-resolution TEM image showing the atomic arrangement of the LMR cathode. d , Enlarged image of c .
low	2	26	section_header	body_heading	body_heading	body_heading		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 487.23, 206.44, 9.02]	Initial structure/electrochemical properties	Initial structure/electrochemical properties
low	2	29	page_footer	page_footer	docling_page_footer	docling_page_footer		p2:body_region:0	p2:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 763.83, 140.81, 7.02]	306 \| Nature \| Vol 606 \| 9 June 2022	306 \| Nature \| Vol 606 \| 9 June 2022
low	2	30	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white	[252, 252, 252] white	[237.33, 53.38, 52.77, 6.0]	Experimetal data	Experimetal data
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low	2	53	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:colored	[210, 235, 184] colored	[224.5, 131.17, 6.95, 4.29]	1.2	1.2
low	2	54	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:colored	[209, 234, 183] colored	[238.06, 131.17, 9.73, 4.29]	0.13	0.13
low	2	55	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:colored	[200, 223, 175] colored	[219.05, 137.22, 4.79, 6.0]	R	R
low	2	56	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:colored	[210, 235, 184] colored	[232.55, 137.22, 26.77, 6.0]	= 5.73%	= 5.73%
low	2	57	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[254, 254, 254] white	[533.82, 139.51, 10.37, 6.0]	3rd	3rd
low	2	58	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:colored	[195, 218, 171] colored	[223.85, 140.95, 6.76, 4.29]	wp	wp
low	2	59	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[349.92, 144.05, 9.73, 6.0]	3.0	3.0
low	2	60	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:colored	[210, 235, 184] colored	[228.76, 145.94, 26.77, 6.0]	= 5.86%	= 5.86%
low	2	61	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:colored	[210, 235, 184] colored	[219.05, 145.94, 4.79, 6.0]	R	R
low	2	62	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[533.63, 148.02, 13.88, 6.0]	20th	20th
low	2	63	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:colored	[210, 235, 184] colored	[223.85, 149.67, 2.97, 4.29]	p	p
low	2	64	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[251, 251, 251] white	[377.62, 153.81, 44.98, 6.0]	Voltage fading	Voltage fading
low	2	65	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[533.63, 157.17, 13.88, 6.0]	40th	40th
low	2	66	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[349.92, 165.7, 9.73, 6.0]	2.5	2.5
low	2	67	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[248, 248, 248] white	[533.63, 166.32, 13.88, 6.0]	60th	60th
low	2	68	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[249, 249, 249] white	[533.63, 176.11, 13.88, 6.0]	80th	80th
low	2	69	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[533.63, 184.62, 17.77, 6.0]	100th	100th
low	2	70	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[349.92, 187.36, 9.73, 6.0]	2.0	2.0
low	2	71	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[533.52, 192.71, 17.77, 6.0]	120th	120th
low	2	72	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[252, 252, 252] white	[364.33, 205.74, 3.89, 6.0]	0	0
low	2	73	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray	[242, 242, 242] gray	[386.82, 205.74, 7.78, 6.0]	50	50
low	2	74	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[409.31, 205.74, 11.68, 6.0]	100	100
low	2	75	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[433.97, 205.74, 11.68, 6.0]	150	150
low	2	76	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray	[242, 242, 242] gray	[458.64, 205.74, 11.68, 6.0]	200	200
low	2	77	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:off_white	[246, 246, 246] off_white	[483.3, 205.74, 11.68, 6.0]	250	250
low	2	78	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray	[241, 241, 241] gray	[507.97, 205.74, 11.68, 6.0]	300	300
low	2	79	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray	[242, 242, 242] gray	[532.64, 205.74, 11.68, 6.0]	350	350
low	2	80	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[187.31, 206.71, 3.89, 6.0]	5	5
low	2	81	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[254, 254, 254] white	[219.76, 206.71, 3.89, 6.0]	6	6
low	2	82	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[252.22, 206.71, 3.89, 6.0]	7	7
low	2	83	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:gray	[243, 243, 243] gray	[284.68, 206.71, 3.89, 6.0]	8	8
low	2	84	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[317.14, 206.71, 3.89, 6.0]	9	9
low	2	85	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[253, 253, 253] white	[185.05, 215.75, 3.45, 7.93]	T	T
low	2	86	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[181.16, 216.66, 3.89, 6.0]	2	2
low	2	87	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[188.5, 216.66, 8.37, 6.0]	(°)
low	2	88	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[426.88, 218.68, 58.96, 6.0]	Capacity (mAh g -1 )	Capacity (mAh g -1 )
low	2	89	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[227.79, 237.94, 5.18, 6.96]	d	d
low	2	90	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[404.12, 237.94, 5.04, 6.96]	e	e
low	2	91	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:colored	[248, 202, 172] colored	[527.9, 305.41, 23.66, 8.02]	LiTMO 2	LiTMO 2
low	2	92	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:0	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:colored	[148, 148, 254] colored	[241.46, 380.0, 15.7, 6.0]	1 nm	1 nm
low	2	93	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:colored	[248, 202, 172] colored	[534.8, 390.23, 18.09, 8.02]	MnO 3	MnO 3
low	2	94	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:colored	[248, 202, 172] colored	[526.57, 390.23, 5.45, 6.0]	Li	Li
low	2	95	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:colored	[203, 165, 141] colored	[532.02, 393.96, 2.78, 4.29]	2	2
low	2	96	caption	caption	docling_caption	docling_caption		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 409.22, 254.69, 46.5]	Regular 'bright-bright-dark' arrangements are identified as Li2MnO3 domains, which are characterized by the well-known honeycomb Li-Mn ordering. LiTMO2 domains are identified with no distinguished dark spots in the bright spot columns. e , Schematic structure of LiTMO 2 domains and Li2MnO3 domains.	Regular 'bright-bright-dark' arrangements are identified as Li2MnO3 domains, which are characterized by the well-known honeycomb Li-Mn ordering. LiTMO2 domains are identified with no distinguished dark spots in the bright spot columns. e , Schematic structure of LiTMO 2 domains and Li2MnO3 domains.
low	2	99	section_header	body_heading	body_heading	body_heading		p2:body_region:1	p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 712.98, 187.01, 9.02]	Strain evolution observed through BCDI	Strain evolution observed through BCDI
low	3	101	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[76.83, 51.31, 4.89, 6.96]	a	a
low	3	102	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:colored	[255, 206, 206] colored	[88.0, 83.97, 14.63, 4.29]	Side A	Side A
low	3	103	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[209, 209, 209] gray	[83.08, 144.85, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	104	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[228, 228, 228] gray	[95.3, 144.85, 3.06, 4.28]	Z	Z
low	3	105	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[237, 237, 237] gray	[108.99, 152.97, 2.78, 4.29]	1	1
low	3	106	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[220, 220, 220] gray	[121.93, 152.97, 2.78, 4.29]	2	2
low	3	107	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[206, 206, 206] gray	[133.45, 152.97, 2.78, 4.29]	3	3
low	3	108	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[248, 248, 248] white	[142.48, 152.97, 2.78, 4.29]	4	4
low	3	109	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[237, 237, 237] gray	[151.65, 152.97, 2.78, 4.29]	5	5
low	3	110	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[195, 195, 195] gray	[159.73, 152.97, 2.78, 4.29]	6	6
low	3	111	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[253, 253, 253] white	[165.8, 152.97, 2.78, 4.29]	7	7
low	3	112	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[208, 208, 208] gray	[131.82, 159.42, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	113	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[231, 231, 231] gray	[144.04, 159.42, 3.06, 4.28]	Y	Y
low	3	114	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:colored	[255, 202, 202] colored	[88.0, 161.17, 14.81, 4.29]	Side B	Side B
low	3	115	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[199, 199, 199] gray	[107.29, 173.36, 37.78, 4.29]	Displacement (Å)	Displacement (Å)
low	3	116	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[253, 254, 254] white	[149.43, 177.87, 12.51, 4.29]	1.124	1.124
low	3	117	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[252, 253, 252] white	[86.06, 178.33, 15.01, 4.29]	-1.124	-1.124
low	3	118	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[254, 254, 254] white	[154.63, 198.22, 17.01, 5.14]	3.99 V	3.99 V
low	3	119	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[76.31, 200.48, 5.04, 6.96]	e	e
low	3	120	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[222, 222, 222] gray	[135.5, 204.26, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	121	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[254, 254, 254] white	[147.72, 204.26, 3.06, 4.28]	Y	Y
low	3	122	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[255, 242, 242] gray	[101.72, 205.71, 14.63, 4.29]	Side A	Side A
low	3	123	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[227, 227, 227] gray	[130.43, 216.08, 2.78, 4.29]	1	1
low	3	124	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[225, 225, 225] gray	[130.43, 233.3, 2.78, 4.29]	2	2
low	3	125	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:colored	[255, 205, 205] colored	[101.72, 250.78, 14.81, 4.29]	Side B	Side B
low	3	126	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[232, 232, 232] gray	[130.43, 251.18, 2.78, 4.29]	3	3
low	3	127	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[248, 248, 248] white	[130.43, 272.21, 2.78, 4.29]	4	4
low	3	128	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[195, 195, 195] gray	[130.43, 291.77, 2.78, 4.29]	5	5
low	3	129	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[229, 229, 229] gray	[101.72, 296.53, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	130	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[113.94, 296.53, 3.05, 4.28]	Z	Z
low	3	131	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[217, 217, 217] gray	[130.43, 309.59, 2.78, 4.29]	6	6
low	3	132	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[250, 250, 250] white	[130.43, 325.79, 2.78, 4.29]	7	7
low	3	133	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[154.69, 348.6, 17.01, 5.14]	4.43 V	4.43 V
low	3	134	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[243, 243, 243] gray	[76.77, 352.16, 2.52, 6.96]	i	i
low	3	135	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:colored	[255, 207, 207] colored	[97.16, 355.18, 14.63, 4.29]	Side A	Side A
low	3	136	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[225, 225, 225] gray	[138.54, 355.18, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	137	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[253, 253, 253] white	[150.76, 355.18, 3.06, 4.28]	Y	Y
low	3	138	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[238, 238, 238] gray	[130.43, 367.67, 2.78, 4.29]	1	1
low	3	139	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[219, 219, 219] gray	[130.43, 384.9, 2.78, 4.29]	2	2
low	3	140	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:colored	[255, 209, 209] colored	[97.16, 400.32, 14.81, 4.29]	Side B	Side B
low	3	141	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[226, 226, 226] gray	[130.43, 402.77, 2.78, 4.29]	3	3
low	3	142	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:off_white	[246, 246, 246] off_white	[130.43, 423.81, 2.78, 4.29]	4	4
low	3	143	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[220, 220, 220] gray	[130.43, 443.36, 2.78, 4.29]	5	5
low	3	144	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[208, 208, 208] gray	[97.16, 446.08, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	145	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[205, 205, 205] gray	[109.38, 446.08, 3.06, 4.28]	Z	Z
low	3	146	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[196, 196, 196] gray	[130.43, 461.19, 2.78, 4.29]	6	6
low	3	147	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[250, 250, 250] white	[130.43, 477.38, 2.78, 4.29]	7	7
low	3	148	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[90.53, 496.84, 7.7, 6.96]	m	m
low	3	149	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[244, 244, 244] gray	[105.5, 499.24, 3.34, 5.14]	5	5
low	3	150	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[236, 240, 226] gray	[126.13, 509.97, 20.67, 5.14]	Stage 1	Stage 1
low	3	151	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[93.27, 526.27, 5.14, 65.13]	Voltage (V versus Li/Li + )	Voltage (V versus Li/Li + )
low	3	152	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[251, 251, 251] white	[105.5, 531.17, 3.34, 5.14]	4	4
low	3	153	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[231, 231, 231] gray	[105.5, 563.07, 3.34, 5.14]	3	3
low	3	154	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[231, 231, 231] gray	[105.5, 595.01, 3.34, 5.14]	2	2
low	3	155	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[107.06, 616.69, 3.34, 5.14]	0	0
low	3	156	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[135.52, 616.69, 8.34, 5.14]	2.5	2.5
low	3	157	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[165.6, 616.69, 8.34, 5.14]	5.0	5.0
low	3	158	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[172.17, 625.68, 21.23, 5.14]	Time (h)	Time (h)
low	3	159	caption	caption	outside_body_flow_caption	outside_body_flow_caption			p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.66, 644.58, 249.06, 46.51]	Fig. 2 \| Strain evolution of the LMR primary particle and its relationship with oxygen release. a-l , In situ ( a ) BCDI images of the 3D LMR particle in the strain field, measured at 3.2 V (OCV) ( b ), 3.75 V ( c ), 3.90 V ( d ), 3.99 V ( e ), 4.09 V ( f ), 4.25 V ( g ), 4.38 V ( h ), 4.43 V ( i ), 4.46 V ( j ), 4.49 V ( k ) and 4.51 V ( l ). The compressive and tensile strains are expressed by blue and red colours,	Fig. 2 \| Strain evolution of the LMR primary particle and its relationship with oxygen release. a-l , In situ ( a ) BCDI images of the 3D LMR particle in the strain field, measured at 3.2 V (OCV) ( b ), 3.75 V ( c ), 3.90 V ( d ), 3.99 V ( e ), 4.09 V ( f ), 4.25 V ( g ), 4.38 V ( h ), 4.43 V ( i ), 4.46 V ( j ), 4.49 V ( k ) and 4.51 V ( l ). The compressive and tensile strains are expressed by blue and red colours,
low	3	161	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[388.9, 49.74, 17.01, 5.14]	3.75 V	3.75 V
low	3	162	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[503.43, 49.89, 17.01, 5.14]	3.90 V	3.90 V
low	3	163	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white	[253, 253, 253] white	[276.42, 49.97, 12.56, 5.14]	OCV	OCV
low	3	164	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[192.54, 51.31, 5.18, 6.96]	b	b
low	3	165	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white	[253, 253, 253] white	[308.2, 51.31, 4.89, 6.96]	c	c
low	3	166	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[424.36, 51.31, 5.18, 6.96]	d	d
low	3	167	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:gray	[204, 204, 204] gray	[368.23, 55.39, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	168	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[380.45, 55.39, 3.06, 4.28]	Y	Y
low	3	169	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored	[255, 231, 231] colored	[331.14, 55.85, 14.63, 4.29]	Side A	Side A
low	3	170	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:gray	[215, 215, 215] gray	[482.39, 56.15, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	171	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white	[254, 254, 254] white	[494.61, 56.15, 3.06, 4.28]	Y	Y
low	3	172	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:gray	[225, 225, 225] gray	[250.93, 56.46, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	173	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[263.15, 56.46, 3.06, 4.28]	Y	Y
low	3	174	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored	[255, 218, 218] colored	[448.24, 56.54, 14.63, 4.29]	Side A	Side A
low	3	175	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored	[255, 202, 202] colored	[218.15, 57.38, 14.63, 4.29]	Side A	Side A
low	3	176	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[242, 242, 242] gray	[245.65, 67.72, 2.78, 4.29]	1	1
low	3	177	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[362.75, 67.72, 2.78, 4.29]	1	1
low	3	178	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[242, 242, 242] gray	[476.48, 67.72, 2.78, 4.29]	1	1
low	3	179	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[221, 221, 221] gray	[245.65, 84.95, 2.78, 4.29]	2	2
low	3	180	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[186, 186, 186] gray	[362.75, 84.95, 2.78, 4.29]	2	2
low	3	181	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[219, 219, 219] gray	[476.48, 84.95, 2.78, 4.29]	2	2
low	3	182	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[255, 209, 209] colored	[331.14, 101.0, 14.81, 4.29]	Side B	Side B
low	3	183	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[255, 216, 216] colored	[448.24, 101.68, 14.81, 4.29]	Side B	Side B
low	3	184	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[255, 211, 211] colored	[218.15, 102.53, 14.82, 4.29]	Side B	Side B
low	3	185	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[194, 194, 194] gray	[245.65, 102.82, 2.78, 4.29]	3	3
low	3	186	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[194, 194, 194] gray	[362.75, 102.82, 2.78, 4.29]	3	3
low	3	187	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[226, 226, 226] gray	[476.48, 102.82, 2.78, 4.29]	3	3
low	3	188	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[248, 248, 248] white	[245.65, 123.86, 2.78, 4.29]	4	4
low	3	189	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[219, 219, 219] gray	[362.75, 123.86, 2.78, 4.29]	4	4
low	3	190	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:off_white	[246, 246, 246] off_white	[476.48, 123.86, 2.78, 4.29]	4	4
low	3	191	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[195, 195, 195] gray	[245.65, 143.41, 2.78, 4.29]	5	5
low	3	192	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[190, 190, 190] gray	[362.75, 143.41, 2.78, 4.29]	5	5
low	3	193	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[220, 220, 220] gray	[476.48, 143.41, 2.78, 4.29]	5	5
low	3	194	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[208, 208, 208] gray	[331.14, 146.75, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	195	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[205, 205, 205] gray	[343.36, 146.75, 3.06, 4.28]	Z	Z
low	3	196	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[204, 204, 204] gray	[448.24, 147.44, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	197	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[219, 219, 219] gray	[460.46, 147.44, 3.06, 4.28]	Z	Z
low	3	198	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[210, 210, 210] gray	[218.15, 148.28, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	199	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[182, 182, 182] gray	[230.37, 148.28, 3.06, 4.28]	Z	Z
low	3	200	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[218, 218, 218] gray	[245.65, 161.24, 2.78, 4.29]	6	6
low	3	201	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[190, 190, 190] gray	[362.75, 161.24, 2.78, 4.29]	6	6
low	3	202	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[213, 213, 213] gray	[476.48, 161.24, 2.78, 4.29]	6	6
low	3	203	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[244, 244, 244] gray	[245.65, 177.43, 2.78, 4.29]	7	7
low	3	204	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:off_white	[246, 246, 246] off_white	[362.75, 177.43, 2.78, 4.29]	7	7
low	3	205	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[250, 250, 250] white	[476.48, 177.43, 2.78, 4.29]	7	7
low	3	206	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[271.97, 198.68, 17.01, 5.14]	4.09 V	4.09 V
low	3	207	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[386.1, 199.21, 17.01, 5.14]	4.25 V	4.25 V
low	3	208	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[503.34, 199.21, 17.01, 5.14]	4.38 V	4.38 V
low	3	209	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[192.96, 200.48, 3.11, 6.96]	f	f
low	3	210	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[237, 237, 237] gray	[308.64, 200.48, 5.04, 6.96]	g	g
low	3	211	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[425.73, 200.48, 5.18, 6.96]	h	h
low	3	212	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[216, 216, 216] gray	[371.08, 205.55, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	213	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[231, 231, 231] gray	[383.3, 205.55, 3.06, 4.28]	Y	Y
low	3	214	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[233, 233, 233] gray	[254.34, 205.7, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	215	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[266.56, 205.7, 3.06, 4.28]	Y	Y
low	3	216	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[255, 218, 218] colored	[218.22, 205.78, 14.63, 4.29]	Side A	Side A
low	3	217	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[212, 212, 212] gray	[483.54, 206.62, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	218	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[495.76, 206.62, 3.06, 4.28]	Y	Y
low	3	219	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[255, 229, 229] colored	[329.25, 207.0, 14.63, 4.29]	Side A	Side A
low	3	220	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[255, 215, 215] colored	[450.75, 207.61, 14.63, 4.29]	Side A	Side A
low	3	221	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[233, 233, 233] gray	[245.65, 216.08, 2.78, 4.29]	1	1
low	3	222	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[362.75, 216.08, 2.78, 4.29]	1	1
low	3	223	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[227, 227, 227] gray	[476.48, 216.08, 2.78, 4.29]	1	1
low	3	224	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[222, 222, 222] gray	[245.65, 233.3, 2.78, 4.29]	2	2
low	3	225	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[214, 214, 214] gray	[362.75, 233.3, 2.78, 4.29]	2	2
low	3	226	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[219, 219, 219] gray	[476.48, 233.3, 2.78, 4.29]	2	2
low	3	227	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[255, 211, 211] colored	[218.22, 250.93, 14.82, 4.29]	Side B	Side B
low	3	228	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[226, 226, 226] gray	[245.65, 251.18, 2.78, 4.29]	3	3
low	3	229	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[219, 219, 219] gray	[362.75, 251.18, 2.78, 4.29]	3	3
low	3	230	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[232, 232, 232] gray	[476.48, 251.18, 2.78, 4.29]	3	3
low	3	231	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[255, 186, 186] colored	[329.25, 252.15, 14.81, 4.29]	Side B	Side B
low	3	232	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[255, 180, 180] colored	[450.75, 252.68, 14.81, 4.29]	Side B	Side B
low	3	233	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[215, 215, 215] gray	[245.65, 272.21, 2.78, 4.29]	4	4
low	3	234	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[182, 182, 182] gray	[362.75, 272.21, 2.78, 4.29]	4	4
low	3	235	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[248, 248, 248] white	[476.48, 272.21, 2.78, 4.29]	4	4
low	3	236	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[199, 199, 199] gray	[245.65, 291.77, 2.78, 4.29]	5	5
low	3	237	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[209, 209, 209] gray	[362.75, 291.77, 2.78, 4.29]	5	5
low	3	238	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[195, 195, 195] gray	[476.48, 291.77, 2.78, 4.29]	5	5
low	3	239	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[204, 204, 204] gray	[218.22, 296.68, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	240	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[219, 219, 219] gray	[230.44, 296.68, 3.06, 4.28]	Z	Z
low	3	241	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[229, 229, 229] gray	[329.25, 297.9, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	242	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[220, 220, 220] gray	[341.47, 297.9, 3.06, 4.28]	Z	Z
low	3	243	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[222, 222, 222] gray	[450.75, 298.44, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	244	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[224, 224, 224] gray	[462.97, 298.44, 3.06, 4.28]	Z	Z
low	3	245	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[195, 195, 195] gray	[245.65, 309.59, 2.78, 4.29]	6	6
low	3	246	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[167, 167, 167] gray	[362.75, 309.59, 2.78, 4.29]	6	6
low	3	247	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[217, 217, 217] gray	[476.48, 309.59, 2.78, 4.29]	6	6
low	3	248	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[242, 242, 242] gray	[245.65, 325.79, 2.78, 4.29]	7	7
low	3	249	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[233, 233, 233] gray	[362.75, 325.79, 2.78, 4.29]	7	7
low	3	250	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[249, 249, 249] white	[476.48, 325.79, 2.78, 4.29]	7	7
low	3	251	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[387.76, 348.07, 17.01, 5.14]	4.49 V	4.49 V
low	3	252	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[271.97, 348.53, 17.01, 5.14]	4.46 V	4.46 V
low	3	253	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[504.31, 348.53, 17.01, 5.14]	4.51 V	4.51 V
low	3	254	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[179, 179, 179] gray	[193.39, 352.16, 2.52, 6.96]	j	j
low	3	255	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[243, 243, 243] gray	[309.56, 352.16, 4.89, 6.96]	k	k
low	3	256	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[425.2, 352.16, 2.52, 6.96]	l	l
low	3	257	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[222, 222, 222] gray	[250.9, 354.19, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	258	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[263.12, 354.19, 3.06, 4.28]	Y	Y
low	3	259	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[255, 224, 224] colored	[215.23, 354.19, 14.63, 4.29]	Side A	Side A
low	3	260	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[243, 243, 243] gray	[486.6, 354.87, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	261	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[498.82, 354.87, 3.06, 4.28]	Y	Y
low	3	262	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[255, 215, 215] colored	[447.13, 354.87, 14.63, 4.29]	Side A	Side A
low	3	263	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[229, 229, 229] gray	[366.98, 355.02, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	264	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[379.2, 355.02, 3.06, 4.28]	Y	Y
low	3	265	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[255, 215, 215] colored	[331.31, 355.02, 14.63, 4.29]	Side A	Side A
low	3	266	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[242, 242, 242] gray	[245.65, 367.67, 2.78, 4.29]	1	1
low	3	267	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[242, 242, 242] gray	[360.25, 367.67, 2.78, 4.29]	1	1
low	3	268	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[234, 234, 234] gray	[476.48, 367.67, 2.78, 4.29]	1	1
low	3	269	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[219, 219, 219] gray	[245.65, 384.9, 2.78, 4.29]	2	2
low	3	270	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[220, 220, 220] gray	[360.25, 384.9, 2.78, 4.29]	2	2
low	3	271	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[219, 219, 219] gray	[476.48, 384.9, 2.78, 4.29]	2	2
low	3	272	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[255, 190, 190] colored	[215.23, 399.26, 14.82, 4.29]	Side B	Side B
low	3	273	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[255, 195, 195] colored	[447.13, 400.02, 14.81, 4.29]	Side B	Side B
low	3	274	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[255, 174, 174] colored	[331.31, 400.09, 14.81, 4.29]	Side B	Side B
low	3	275	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[194, 194, 194] gray	[245.65, 402.77, 2.78, 4.29]	3	3
low	3	276	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[194, 194, 194] gray	[360.25, 402.77, 2.78, 4.29]	3	3
low	3	277	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[226, 226, 226] gray	[476.48, 402.77, 2.78, 4.29]	3	3
low	3	278	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[210, 210, 210] gray	[245.65, 423.81, 2.78, 4.29]	4	4
low	3	279	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[214, 214, 214] gray	[360.25, 423.81, 2.78, 4.29]	4	4
low	3	280	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:off_white	[246, 246, 246] off_white	[476.48, 423.81, 2.78, 4.29]	4	4
low	3	281	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[195, 195, 195] gray	[245.65, 443.36, 2.78, 4.29]	5	5
low	3	282	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[195, 195, 195] gray	[360.25, 443.36, 2.78, 4.29]	5	5
low	3	283	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[220, 220, 220] gray	[476.48, 443.36, 2.78, 4.29]	5	5
low	3	284	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[249, 249, 249] white	[215.23, 445.01, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	285	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[215, 215, 215] gray	[227.45, 445.01, 3.06, 4.28]	Z	Z
low	3	286	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[240, 240, 240] gray	[447.13, 445.7, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	287	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[191, 191, 191] gray	[459.35, 445.7, 3.06, 4.28]	Z	Z
low	3	288	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[229, 229, 229] gray	[330.36, 445.85, 12.22, 4.29]	Slice	Slice
low	3	289	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[342.58, 445.85, 3.06, 4.28]	Z	Z
low	3	290	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[212, 212, 212] gray	[245.65, 461.19, 2.78, 4.29]	6	6
low	3	291	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[212, 212, 212] gray	[360.25, 461.19, 2.78, 4.29]	6	6
low	3	292	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[193, 193, 193] gray	[476.48, 461.19, 2.78, 4.29]	6	6
low	3	293	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[243, 243, 243] gray	[245.65, 477.38, 2.78, 4.29]	7	7
low	3	294	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[245, 245, 245] gray	[360.25, 477.38, 2.78, 4.29]	7	7
low	3	295	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[250, 250, 250] white	[476.48, 477.38, 2.78, 4.29]	7	7
low	3	296	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[293.52, 496.84, 5.18, 6.96]	n	n
low	3	297	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[437.78, 496.84, 5.04, 6.96]	o	o
low	3	298	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[249, 249, 249] white	[263.04, 500.35, 11.68, 5.14]	0.20	0.20
low	3	299	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[217, 217, 217] gray	[305.69, 500.44, 3.34, 5.14]	4	4
low	3	300	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[394.33, 507.62, 4.67, 5.14]	Li	Li
low	3	301	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[401.39, 507.62, 15.5, 6.87]	MnO 3	MnO 3
low	3	302	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[250, 217, 219] colored	[189.12, 509.97, 20.67, 5.14]	Stage 2	Stage 2
low	3	303	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[293.74, 510.29, 5.14, 95.79]	Formation energy of O vacancy (eV)	Formation energy of O vacancy (eV)
low	3	304	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[226, 226, 226] gray	[399.0, 510.81, 2.38, 3.67]	2	2
low	3	305	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[253, 253, 253] white	[445.96, 514.36, 5.14, 84.13]	Formation energy of O vacancy	Formation energy of O vacancy
low	3	306	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[394.15, 516.84, 4.67, 5.14]	Li	Li
low	3	307	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[404.77, 516.84, 15.5, 6.87]	MnO 3	MnO 3
low	3	308	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[244, 244, 244] gray	[398.82, 520.04, 5.96, 3.67]	1.5	1.5
low	3	309	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[252, 252, 252] white	[305.69, 528.36, 3.34, 5.14]	3	3
low	3	310	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[263.04, 531.4, 11.68, 5.14]	0.15	0.15
low	3	311	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[245, 245, 245] gray	[278.92, 532.55, 5.14, 54.79]	Gas evolution (nmol)	Gas evolution (nmol)
low	3	312	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[210, 219, 232] colored	[216.31, 533.84, 41.11, 5.14]	Carbon dioxide	Carbon dioxide
low	3	313	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[493.78, 534.0, 18.11, 5.14]	Lattice	Lattice
low	3	314	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:off_white	[247, 247, 247] off_white	[493.78, 541.2, 16.45, 5.14]	strain	strain
low	3	315	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[233, 239, 245] gray	[216.31, 541.39, 20.67, 5.14]	Oxygen	Oxygen
low	3	316	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[251, 251, 251] white	[305.69, 556.29, 3.34, 5.14]	2	2
low	3	317	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[253, 253, 253] white	[263.04, 562.42, 11.68, 5.14]	0.10	0.10
low	3	318	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:off_white	[243, 248, 252] off_white	[482.7, 563.28, 41.56, 5.14]	Oxygen release	Oxygen release
low	3	319	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[305.69, 584.21, 3.34, 5.14]	1	1
low	3	320	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[231, 241, 248] gray	[478.48, 589.13, 44.56, 5.14]	Oxygen vacancy	Oxygen vacancy
low	3	321	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[243, 243, 243] gray	[263.04, 593.47, 11.68, 5.14]	0.05	0.05
low	3	322	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[251, 251, 251] white	[305.69, 612.13, 3.34, 5.14]	0	0
low	3	323	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[195.66, 616.69, 8.34, 5.14]	7.5	7.5
low	3	324	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[224.3, 616.69, 11.68, 5.14]	10.0	10.0
low	3	325	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[254.38, 616.69, 11.68, 5.14]	12.5	12.5
low	3	326	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[323.04, 617.16, 3.34, 5.14]	0	0
low	3	327	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[341.15, 617.16, 3.34, 5.14]	2	2
low	3	328	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[359.27, 617.16, 3.34, 5.14]	4	4
low	3	329	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[228, 228, 228] gray	[377.38, 617.16, 3.34, 5.14]	6	6
low	3	330	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[234, 234, 234] gray	[395.51, 617.16, 3.34, 5.14]	8	8
low	3	331	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[249, 249, 249] white	[412.07, 617.16, 6.67, 5.14]	10	10
low	3	332	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[226, 226, 226] gray	[356.2, 625.68, 26.44, 5.14]	Strain (%)	Strain (%)
low	3	333	caption	caption	docling_caption	docling_caption			p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.11, 644.6, 255.59, 46.49]	respectively. The strain evolution in each state is detailed by the spatial location of the slices along the y axis. m , In situ differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy measurements for the LMR primary particle. n , Formation energy of O vacancies in Li 2 MnO3 and Li1.5 MnO3 when tensile strains are applied. o , Schematic illustration of the influence of lattice strain on O release.	respectively. The strain evolution in each state is detailed by the spatial location of the slices along the y axis. m , In situ differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy measurements for the LMR primary particle. n , Formation energy of O vacancies in Li 2 MnO3 and Li1.5 MnO3 when tensile strains are applied. o , Schematic illustration of the influence of lattice strain on O release.
low	3	335	page_footer	page_footer	docling_page_footer	docling_page_footer			p3:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[421.44, 763.83, 139.82, 7.02]	Nature \| Vol 606 \| 9 June 2022 \| 307	Nature \| Vol 606 \| 9 June 2022 \| 307
low	4	336	section_header	metadata	document_ui	document_ui		p4:body_region:0	p4:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 28.55, 47.1, 12.23]	Article	Article
low	4	337	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white	[254, 254, 254] white	[46.75, 52.19, 4.89, 6.96]	a	a
low	4	338	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:top_margin:column_1_of_2:gray	[241, 244, 248] gray	[89.3, 53.59, 34.79, 5.14]	Macroscopic	Macroscopic
low	4	339	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[248, 250, 250] white	[119.75, 167.11, 12.0, 5.14]	XRD	XRD
low	4	340	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[46.75, 170.35, 4.89, 6.96]	c	c
low	4	341	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[241, 241, 241] gray	[72.28, 179.16, 10.47, 4.29]	2.0D	2.0D
low	4	342	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[233, 233, 233] gray	[136.27, 182.86, 13.12, 5.14]	(003)	(003)
low	4	343	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[250, 250, 250] white	[63.97, 186.56, 10.47, 4.29]	3.0D	3.0D
low	4	344	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[237, 237, 237] gray	[161.21, 187.15, 13.12, 5.14]	(101)	(101)
low	4	345	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[107.13, 191.02, 3.17, 7.72]	*
low	4	346	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[250, 250, 250] white	[57.33, 195.27, 10.47, 4.29]	3.2D	3.2D
low	4	347	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[237, 237, 237] gray	[52.08, 208.26, 10.47, 4.29]	3.6D	3.6D
low	4	348	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[228, 228, 228] gray	[65.68, 216.96, 10.47, 4.29]	4.0D	4.0D
low	4	349	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[243, 243, 243] gray	[62.8, 221.9, 10.47, 4.29]	4.2D	4.2D
low	4	350	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[217, 217, 217] gray	[60.44, 226.83, 10.47, 4.29]	4.4D	4.4D
low	4	351	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[55.73, 230.99, 6.95, 4.29]	4.7	4.7
low	4	352	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[253, 253, 253] white	[57.72, 237.74, 6.95, 4.29]	4.6	4.6
low	4	353	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[237, 237, 237] gray	[57.76, 248.66, 9.73, 4.29]	4.53	4.53
low	4	354	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[229, 229, 229] gray	[58.35, 260.02, 6.95, 4.29]	4.5	4.5
low	4	355	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[239, 239, 239] gray	[60.44, 265.6, 9.73, 4.29]	4.45	4.45
low	4	356	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[251, 251, 251] white	[62.1, 271.19, 6.95, 4.29]	4.4	4.4
low	4	357	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[244, 244, 244] gray	[66.75, 283.14, 6.95, 4.29]	4.0	4.0
low	4	358	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[204, 204, 204] gray	[72.78, 290.11, 8.52, 4.29]	Pris	Pris
low	4	359	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:off_white	[247, 247, 247] off_white	[48.27, 298.61, 3.34, 5.15]	5	5
low	4	360	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[217, 217, 217] gray	[60.34, 298.61, 3.34, 5.15]	4	4
low	4	361	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[250, 250, 250] white	[72.43, 298.61, 3.34, 5.15]	3	3
low	4	362	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[84.49, 298.61, 3.34, 5.15]	2	2
low	4	363	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[91.08, 298.61, 11.68, 5.15]	1.34	1.34
low	4	364	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[112.8, 298.61, 11.68, 5.15]	1.38	1.38
low	4	365	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[135.96, 298.61, 11.68, 5.15]	1.42	1.42
low	4	366	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[156.55, 298.61, 8.34, 5.15]	2.7	2.7
low	4	367	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[244, 244, 244] gray	[51.69, 306.58, 32.0, 5.14]	Potential (V)	Potential (V)
low	4	368	caption	caption	outside_body_flow_caption	outside_body_flow_caption		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 326.56, 252.65, 56.51]	Fig. 3 \| Multiscale X-ray diffraction techniques used to investigate the structure evolution of the LMR cathode. a , Schematic of multiscale X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques used in this work. b , In situ CMCD for the DebyeScherrer ring of the (003) peak along with charge and discharge (Dis) curves of the LMR cathode. With just tens of particles giving diffraction signals, CMCD can record semi-statistical information on the structure transmissions of LMR	Fig. 3 \| Multiscale X-ray diffraction techniques used to investigate the structure evolution of the LMR cathode. a , Schematic of multiscale X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques used in this work. b , In situ CMCD for the DebyeScherrer ring of the (003) peak along with charge and discharge (Dis) curves of the LMR cathode. With just tens of particles giving diffraction signals, CMCD can record semi-statistical information on the structure transmissions of LMR
low	4	371	page_footer	page_footer	docling_page_footer	docling_page_footer		p4:body_region:0	p4:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 763.83, 140.63, 7.02]	308 \| Nature \| Vol 606 \| 9 June 2022	308 \| Nature \| Vol 606 \| 9 June 2022
low	4	372	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:top_margin:column_2_of_2:gray	[230, 230, 230] gray	[310.9, 52.19, 5.18, 6.96]	b	b
low	4	373	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored	[211, 230, 244] colored	[173.31, 53.98, 50.54, 5.14]	Quasi-microscopic	Quasi-microscopic
low	4	374	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored	[212, 241, 252] colored	[266.96, 53.98, 32.91, 5.14]	Microscopic	Microscopic
low	4	375	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[169, 137, 214] colored	[358.93, 83.6, 6.61, 6.87]	D 1	D 1
low	4	376	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[154, 136, 210] colored	[471.87, 83.6, 6.61, 6.87]	D 1	D 1
low	4	377	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[167, 149, 213] colored	[525.41, 97.37, 30.57, 5.14]	Dis 2.000 V	Dis 2.000 V
low	4	378	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[155, 122, 215] colored	[416.59, 97.37, 20.0, 5.14]	Pristine	Pristine
low	4	379	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[155, 137, 217] colored	[492.31, 112.45, 6.61, 6.87]	D 2	D 2
low	4	380	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[165, 136, 217] colored	[358.93, 133.75, 6.61, 6.87]	D 1	D 1
low	4	381	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[137, 107, 214] colored	[474.37, 133.75, 6.61, 6.87]	D 1	D 1
low	4	382	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[178, 151, 228] colored	[525.41, 148.04, 30.57, 5.14]	Dis 3.973 V	Dis 3.973 V
low	4	383	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[175, 153, 221] colored	[414.57, 148.04, 22.01, 5.14]	4.385 V	4.385 V
low	4	384	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[159, 133, 210] colored	[382.3, 164.41, 6.61, 6.87]	D 2	D 2
low	4	385	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[170, 151, 224] colored	[493.42, 166.23, 6.61, 6.87]	D 2	D 2
low	4	386	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[239, 239, 239] gray	[275.24, 166.84, 14.22, 5.14]	BCDI	BCDI
low	4	387	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[245, 245, 245] gray	[195.53, 167.11, 18.11, 5.14]	CMCD	CMCD
low	4	388	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[189, 176, 226] colored	[359.45, 184.81, 6.61, 6.87]	D 1	D 1
low	4	389	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[251, 251, 251] white	[230.94, 185.07, 28.23, 5.14]	(018)/(110)	(018)/(110)
low	4	390	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[161, 144, 222] colored	[478.7, 186.5, 6.61, 6.87]	D 1	D 1
low	4	391	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[254, 254, 254] white	[275.48, 194.55, 13.12, 5.14]	(113)	(113)
low	4	392	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[253, 253, 253] white	[190.35, 195.86, 13.12, 5.14]	(102)	(102)
low	4	393	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[158, 137, 219] colored	[525.41, 198.86, 30.57, 5.14]	Dis 4.258 V	Dis 4.258 V
low	4	394	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[168, 136, 221] colored	[416.23, 198.87, 20.35, 5.14]	4.472 V	4.472 V
low	4	395	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[144, 115, 214] colored	[501.26, 211.18, 6.61, 6.87]	D 3	D 3
low	4	396	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[162, 140, 211] colored	[374.5, 215.21, 6.61, 6.87]	D 2	D 2
low	4	397	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[163, 143, 217] colored	[479.89, 219.37, 6.61, 6.87]	D 2	D 2
low	4	398	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[170, 143, 226] colored	[501.66, 234.96, 6.61, 6.87]	D 1	D 1
low	4	399	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[192, 176, 228] colored	[359.45, 236.51, 6.61, 6.87]	D 1	D 1
low	4	400	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[160, 140, 218] colored	[525.41, 250.16, 30.57, 5.14]	Dis 4.476 V	Dis 4.476 V
low	4	401	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[184, 166, 224] colored	[416.23, 250.16, 20.35, 5.14]	4.562 V	4.562 V
low	4	402	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[178, 155, 224] colored	[502.89, 263.02, 6.61, 6.87]	D 3	D 3
low	4	403	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[159, 129, 208] colored	[374.56, 266.92, 6.61, 6.87]	D 2	D 2
low	4	404	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[164, 126, 213] colored	[479.89, 270.85, 6.61, 6.87]	D 2	D 2
low	4	405	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[202, 181, 230] colored	[359.45, 286.79, 6.61, 6.87]	D 1	D 1
low	4	406	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[179, 157, 225] colored	[501.66, 286.79, 6.61, 6.87]	D 1	D 1
low	4	407	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[178.8, 298.61, 8.34, 5.15]	2.8	2.8
low	4	408	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[251, 251, 251] white	[201.04, 298.61, 8.34, 5.15]	2.9	2.9
low	4	409	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[232.77, 298.61, 8.34, 5.15]	4.6	4.6
low	4	410	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[260.14, 298.61, 8.34, 5.15]	4.8	4.8
low	4	411	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[252, 252, 252] white	[287.85, 298.61, 8.34, 5.15]	5.0	5.0
low	4	412	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[181, 155, 224] colored	[416.23, 301.0, 20.35, 5.15]	4.800 V	4.800 V
low	4	413	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[162, 130, 217] colored	[525.4, 301.0, 30.57, 5.14]	Dis 4.556 V	Dis 4.556 V
low	4	414	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[249, 249, 249] white	[186.95, 305.8, 2.96, 6.8]	T	T
low	4	415	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[252, 252, 252] white	[183.61, 306.58, 3.34, 5.14]	2	2
low	4	416	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p4:body_region:0	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[189.9, 306.58, 7.18, 5.14]	(°)
low	4	419	section_header	body_heading	body_heading	body_heading		p4:body_region:1	p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 551.73, 173.83, 9.02]	Origin and relaxation of tensile strain	Origin and relaxation of tensile strain
low	5	421	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p5:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[54.63, 56.35, 4.89, 6.96]	a	a
low	5	422	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[120, 120, 120] gray	[56.19, 199.74, 19.59, 6.0]	10 nm	10 nm
low	5	423	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[55.14, 224.0, 5.18, 6.96]	d	d
low	5	424	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[140.89, 230.12, 69.36, 6.0]	3D electron diffraction	3D electron diffraction
low	5	425	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:colored	[255, 229, 229] colored	[138.94, 253.83, 45.38, 6.0]	Electron beam	Electron beam
low	5	426	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[49.85, 407.3, 5.18, 6.96]	h	h
low	5	427	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[132, 132, 132] gray	[56.19, 549.26, 19.59, 6.0]	5 nm	5 nm
low	5	428	caption	caption	outside_body_flow_caption	outside_body_flow_caption			p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 579.87, 255.78, 56.51]	Fig. 4 \| Visible observation from atomic-level TEM, 3D electron diffraction and chemical state analysis from EELS. a , Low-magnification TEM image of the LMR cathode charged to 4.47 V. b , Enlarged image of the LMR particle's bulk area. c , High-resolution TEM image of the LMR surface. d , Schematic of the data collection process of 3D-rED. e , Reciprocal lattice along the a * axis of the LMR cathode. f , Enlarged image of the selected area in e . g , SAED image of	Fig. 4 \| Visible observation from atomic-level TEM, 3D electron diffraction and chemical state analysis from EELS. a , Low-magnification TEM image of the LMR cathode charged to 4.47 V. b , Enlarged image of the LMR particle's bulk area. c , High-resolution TEM image of the LMR surface. d , Schematic of the data collection process of 3D-rED. e , Reciprocal lattice along the a * axis of the LMR cathode. f , Enlarged image of the selected area in e . g , SAED image of
low	5	430	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p5:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[222.35, 55.93, 5.18, 6.96]	b	b
low	5	431	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p5:body_region:0	p5:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[391.61, 56.35, 4.89, 6.96]	c	c
low	5	432	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p5:body_region:0	p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[118, 118, 118] gray	[449.82, 135.17, 29.34, 32.52]	Lattice twist	Lattice twist
low	5	433	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[160, 160, 160] gray	[227.69, 180.47, 65.09, 6.0]	Lattice displacement	Lattice displacement
low	5	434	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[134, 134, 134] gray	[227.69, 199.17, 15.7, 6.0]	2 nm	2 nm
low	5	435	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p5:body_region:0	p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[135, 135, 135] gray	[397.35, 199.17, 15.7, 6.0]	1 nm	1 nm
low	5	436	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[221.21, 224.0, 5.04, 6.96]	e	e
low	5	437	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p5:body_region:0	p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[389.73, 224.0, 3.11, 6.96]	f	f
low	5	438	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p5:body_region:0	p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[241, 241, 241] gray	[473.24, 224.0, 5.04, 6.96]	g	g
low	5	439	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p5:body_region:0	p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[168, 162, 29] colored	[509.46, 250.28, 19.45, 6.0]	Spinel	Spinel
low	5	440	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p5:body_region:0	p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[55, 89, 139] colored	[409.91, 309.05, 30.6, 6.0]	Lattice tilt	Lattice tilt
low	5	441	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p5:body_region:0	p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[112, 165, 33] colored	[391.9, 352.92, 7.52, 6.0]	C*	C*
low	5	442	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p5:body_region:0	p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[186, 180, 22] colored	[481.65, 359.73, 5.45, 6.0]	Li	Li
low	5	443	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p5:body_region:0	p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[155, 147, 28] colored	[489.87, 359.74, 18.09, 8.02]	MnO 3	MnO 3
low	5	444	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[117, 184, 23] colored	[230.36, 360.73, 7.52, 6.0]	C*	C*
low	5	445	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p5:body_region:0	p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[152, 145, 28] colored	[487.09, 363.47, 2.78, 4.29]	2	2
low	5	446	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[166, 133, 40] colored	[267.17, 376.77, 21.27, 6.0]	(-120)*	(-120)*
low	5	447	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p5:body_region:0	p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[184, 160, 32] colored	[306.18, 384.15, 6.1, 6.0]	a*	a*
low	5	448	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[193, 193, 193] gray	[274.21, 404.75, 2.52, 6.96]	j	j
low	5	449	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[243, 243, 243] gray	[198.17, 405.03, 2.52, 6.96]	i	i
low	5	450	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p5:body_region:0	p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[243, 243, 243] gray	[375.42, 405.03, 4.89, 6.96]	k	k
low	5	451	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p5:body_region:0	p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[144, 144, 73] colored	[509.94, 406.72, 18.6, 8.02]	Mn L 3	Mn L 3
low	5	452	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p5:body_region:0	p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[216, 216, 19] colored	[528.53, 406.73, 6.22, 6.0]	/L	/L
low	5	453	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p5:body_region:0	p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[146, 145, 72] colored	[534.76, 410.46, 2.78, 4.29]	2	2
low	5	454	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[5, 114, 76] colored	[197.2, 539.22, 32.81, 6.0]	O prepeak	O prepeak
low	5	455	caption	caption	docling_caption	docling_caption		p5:body_region:0	p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 579.88, 254.14, 46.49]	delithiated sample (4.5 V) at a certain angle of rotation. h , Low-magnification TEM image of the LMR cathode charged to 4.8 V. i , j , EELS line-scan of O K edge ( i ) and Mn L 2,3 edge ( j ) of the LMR cathode charged to 4.8 V. k , 2D EELS mapping of Mn-L3/L2. The high value and low value coloured by red and navy blue correspond to lower and higher valance states of Mn, respectively.	delithiated sample (4.5 V) at a certain angle of rotation. h , Low-magnification TEM image of the LMR cathode charged to 4.8 V. i , j , EELS line-scan of O K edge ( i ) and Mn L 2,3 edge ( j ) of the LMR cathode charged to 4.8 V. k , 2D EELS mapping of Mn-L3/L2. The high value and low value coloured by red and navy blue correspond to lower and higher valance states of Mn, respectively.
low	5	458	page_footer	page_footer	docling_page_footer	docling_page_footer		p5:body_region:0	p5:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[420.49, 763.83, 140.78, 7.02]	Nature \| Vol 606 \| 9 June 2022 \| 309	Nature \| Vol 606 \| 9 June 2022 \| 309
low	6	459	section_header	metadata	document_ui	document_ui		p6:body_region:0	p6:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 28.55, 47.1, 12.23]	Article	Article
low	6	460	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:0	p6:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[73.35, 56.14, 4.2, 6.0]	+
low	6	461	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:0	p6:top_margin:column_1_of_2:colored	[216, 225, 243] colored	[109.78, 56.38, 23.66, 8.02]	LiTMO 2	LiTMO 2
low	6	462	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:0	p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[253, 253, 253] white	[63.68, 87.17, 6.0, 30.46]	Strain bar	Strain bar
low	6	463	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:0	p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:gray	[239, 239, 239] gray	[80.59, 100.18, 6.0, 3.89]	0	0
low	6	464	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:0	p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[73.7, 141.74, 3.5, 6.0]	-
low	6	465	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:0	p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[250, 250, 250] white	[133.05, 154.48, 40.71, 6.0]	Pristine state	Pristine state
low	6	466	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:0	p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:colored	[189, 215, 238] colored	[139.25, 175.65, 14.65, 6.0]	OCV	OCV
low	6	467	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:0	p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:colored	[250, 228, 213] colored	[112.16, 198.34, 80.53, 14.4]	LiTMO 2 and Li 2 MnO 3 domains randomly mixing	LiTMO 2 and Li 2 MnO 3 domains randomly mixing
low	6	468	caption	caption	outside_body_flow_caption	outside_body_flow_caption		p6:body_region:0	p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.68, 227.91, 253.08, 56.5]	Fig. 5 \| Schematic of the correlation of strain generation and O release as well as transition metal migration. The LiTMO2 and Li 2MnO3 domains share a coherent lattice at the nanoscale but exhibit differentiated electrochemical activities due to different redox chemistries. The initial Li extraction predominately occurs in the LiTMO2 domains and results in local lattice expansion. The lattice expansion is partly confined by the inactive Li2MnO3,	Fig. 5 \| Schematic of the correlation of strain generation and O release as well as transition metal migration. The LiTMO2 and Li 2MnO3 domains share a coherent lattice at the nanoscale but exhibit differentiated electrochemical activities due to different redox chemistries. The initial Li extraction predominately occurs in the LiTMO2 domains and results in local lattice expansion. The lattice expansion is partly confined by the inactive Li2MnO3,
low	6	471	page_footer	page_footer	docling_page_footer	docling_page_footer		p6:body_region:0	p6:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 763.83, 14.43, 6.99]	310	310
low	6	472	page_footer	page_footer	docling_page_footer	docling_page_footer		p6:body_region:0	p6:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[54.04, 763.83, 124.62, 7.02]	\| Nature \| Vol 606 \| 9 June 2022	\| Nature \| Vol 606 \| 9 June 2022
low	6	473	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:1	p6:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored	[252, 230, 230] colored	[412.33, 53.98, 23.66, 8.02]	LiTMO 2	LiTMO 2
low	6	474	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:1	p6:top_margin:column_2_of_2:gray	[252, 243, 240] gray	[502.57, 53.98, 5.45, 6.0]	Li	Li
low	6	475	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:1	p6:top_margin:column_2_of_2:off_white	[252, 246, 243] off_white	[510.79, 53.98, 18.09, 8.02]	MnO 3	MnO 3
low	6	476	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:0	p6:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored	[216, 225, 243] colored	[181.47, 56.14, 5.45, 6.0]	Li	Li
low	6	477	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:0	p6:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored	[216, 225, 243] colored	[189.7, 56.14, 18.09, 8.02]	MnO 3	MnO 3
low	6	478	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:1	p6:top_margin:column_2_of_2:gray	[238, 243, 249] gray	[338.52, 56.14, 5.45, 6.0]	Li	Li
low	6	479	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:1	p6:top_margin:column_2_of_2:gray	[242, 245, 251] gray	[346.74, 56.14, 18.09, 8.02]	MnO 3	MnO 3
low	6	480	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:0	p6:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored	[240, 151, 151] colored	[266.82, 56.38, 23.66, 8.02]	LiTMO 2	LiTMO 2
low	6	481	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:1	p6:top_margin:column_2_of_2:gray	[212, 205, 203] gray	[508.02, 57.71, 2.78, 4.29]	2	2
low	6	482	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:0	p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[190, 198, 214] colored	[186.92, 59.87, 2.78, 4.29]	2	2
low	6	483	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:1	p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[213, 218, 223] gray	[343.96, 59.87, 2.78, 4.29]	2	2
low	6	484	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:1	p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[252, 240, 239] gray	[444.7, 85.48, 27.11, 5.14]	O release	O release
low	6	485	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:1	p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[233, 229, 226] gray	[495.77, 112.07, 35.45, 5.14]	TM migration	TM migration
low	6	486	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text			p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[263.6, 154.01, 74.04, 6.0]	Delithiation from LiTMO	Delithiation from LiTMO
low	6	487	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:1	p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[422.76, 154.01, 58.6, 6.0]	Delithiation from Li	Delithiation from Li
low	6	488	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:1	p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[484.14, 154.01, 18.09, 8.02]	MnO 3	MnO 3
low	6	489	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:1	p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[241, 241, 241] gray	[337.64, 157.74, 2.78, 4.29]	2	2
low	6	490	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:1	p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:gray	[214, 214, 214] gray	[481.36, 157.74, 2.78, 4.29]	2	2
low	6	491	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:1	p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[222, 109, 106] colored	[299.06, 175.64, 19.84, 6.0]	4.47 V	4.47 V
low	6	492	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:1	p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[248, 210, 184] colored	[466.97, 175.64, 15.95, 6.0]	4.8 V	4.8 V
low	6	493	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:1	p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[250, 228, 213] colored	[264.64, 198.34, 89.36, 14.4]	Strain increasing and reaching maximum at 4.47 V	Strain increasing and reaching maximum at 4.47 V
low	6	494	text	visual_text	visual_text	visual_text		p6:body_region:1	p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:colored	[250, 228, 213] colored	[430.5, 198.34, 81.54, 14.4]	Strain triggering O release and TM migration	Strain triggering O release and TM migration
low	6	495	caption	caption	docling_caption	docling_caption		p6:body_region:1	p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 227.9, 253.58, 46.5]	which results in tensile strain at the nanoscale. The accumulated tensile strain severely affects the structural stability of the composite LMR cathode, which may trigger the decomposition of Li2MnO3 domains, oxygen release and transition metal (TM) migration. The activation of Li 2MnO3 and oxygen release in turn release the lattice strain at high voltages.	which results in tensile strain at the nanoscale. The accumulated tensile strain severely affects the structural stability of the composite LMR cathode, which may trigger the decomposition of Li2MnO3 domains, oxygen release and transition metal (TM) migration. The activation of Li 2MnO3 and oxygen release in turn release the lattice strain at high voltages.
low	6	496	section_header	body_heading	body_heading	body_heading		p6:body_region:1	p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 315.23, 201.78, 9.02]	Atomic observation of lattice displacement	Atomic observation of lattice displacement
low	7	501	section_header	body_heading	body_heading	body_heading		p7:body_region:0	p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 196.98, 193.3, 9.02]	A prospect for LMR cathode development	A prospect for LMR cathode development
low	7	506	section_header	body_heading	body_heading	body_heading		p7:body_region:1	p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 175.48, 70.24, 9.02]	Online content	Online content
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low	8	550	page_footer	page_footer	docling_page_footer	docling_page_footer			p8:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 763.83, 13.5, 6.99]	312	312
low	8	551	page_footer	page_footer	docling_page_footer	docling_page_footer			p8:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[53.1, 763.83, 124.62, 7.02]	\| Nature \| Vol 606 \| 9 June 2022	\| Nature \| Vol 606 \| 9 June 2022
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low	8	562	text	metadata	metadata_line	metadata_line			p8:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 274.0, 236.54, 13.28]	© This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply 2022	© This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply 2022
low	9	563	section_header	body_heading	body_heading	body_heading		p9:body_region:0	p9:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 47.8, 51.34, 11.11]	Methods	Methods
low	9	564	section_header	body_heading	body_heading	body_heading		p9:body_region:0	p9:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 69.88, 77.19, 7.88]	Materials synthesis	Materials synthesis
low	9	567	section_header	body_heading	body_heading	body_heading		p9:body_region:0	p9:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 446.13, 90.78, 7.88]	Electrochemistry tests	Electrochemistry tests
low	9	571	section_header	body_heading	body_heading	body_heading		p9:body_region:1	p9:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 59.13, 185.07, 7.88]	BCDI and coherent multiple crystal diffraction	BCDI and coherent multiple crystal diffraction
low	9	574	section_header	body_heading	body_heading	body_heading		p9:body_region:1	p9:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 478.38, 238.84, 18.63]	Synchrotron X-ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy measurements	Synchrotron X-ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy measurements
low	10	577	section_header	metadata	document_ui	document_ui		p10:body_region:0	p10:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 28.45, 42.78, 12.99]	Article	Article
low	10	579	section_header	body_heading	body_heading	body_heading		p10:body_region:0	p10:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 80.63, 63.44, 7.88]	DFT calculation	DFT calculation
low	10	582	section_header	body_heading	body_heading	body_heading		p10:body_region:0	p10:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 295.63, 88.37, 7.88]	Gas evolution analysis	Gas evolution analysis
low	10	584	section_header	body_heading	body_heading	body_heading		p10:body_region:0	p10:page_body:column_1_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 467.63, 75.4, 7.88]	TEM measurement	TEM measurement
low	10	587	section_header	back_matter_heading	back_matter_heading	back_matter_heading	stop_trigger	p10:body_region:1	p10:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 143.23, 77.19, 9.02]	Data availability	Data availability
low	10	588	text	metadata	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop	p10:body_region:1	p10:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 157.06, 256.57, 18.41]	The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors upon request.	The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors upon request.
low	10	589	list_item	reference	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop	p10:body_region:1	p10:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 191.24, 243.29, 21.29]	Wan, W., Sun, J., Su, J., Hovmöller, S. & Zou, X. Three-dimensional rotation electron diffraction: software RED for automated data collection and data processing. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 46 , 1863-1873 (2013).	Wan, W., Sun, J., Su, J., Hovmöller, S. & Zou, X. Three-dimensional rotation electron diffraction: software RED for automated data collection and data processing. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 46 , 1863-1873 (2013).
low	10	590	text	back_matter_heading	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop	p10:body_region:1	p10:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 230.29, 256.68, 125.5]	Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge support from the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office. This work was also supported by the Clean Vehicles, US-China Clean Energy Research Centre (CERC-CVC2) under US DOE EERE Vehicle Technologies Office. Argonne National Laboratory is operated for DOE Office of Science by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357. This research was also supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFB0700600), Soft Science Research Project of Guangdong Province (no. 2017B030301013) and the Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Grants (no. ZDSYS201707281026184). This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source (11-ID-C, 9BM and 34-ID-C), a US DOE Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Work at Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-SC0012704. Electron microscopy was carried out at the Center for Nanoscale Materials, an Office of Science user facility, supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357.	Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge support from the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office. This work was also supported by the Clean Vehicles, US-China Clean Energy Research Centre (CERC-CVC2) under US DOE EERE Vehicle Technologies Office. Argonne National Laboratory is operated for DOE Office of Science by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357. This research was also supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFB0700600), Soft Science Research Project of Guangdong Province (no. 2017B030301013) and the Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Grants (no. ZDSYS201707281026184). This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source (11-ID-C, 9BM and 34-ID-C), a US DOE Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Work at Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-SC0012704. Electron microscopy was carried out at the Center for Nanoscale Materials, an Office of Science user facility, supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
low	10	591	text	back_matter_heading	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop	p10:body_region:1	p10:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 368.55, 254.86, 53.36]	Author contributions T.L., J. Liu, L.L., J. Lu, F.P . and K.A. conceived the idea and designed the experiments. T.L., J. Liu, R.Q. and S.X. synthesized all the materials and conducted electrochemical measurements. J. Liu, L.Y., T.Z., Y.X., W.Z. and J.W. carried out the TEM, EELS and 3D-rED measurements. T.L., A.D., T.W., L.W. and Y.R. performed ex situ synchrotron HEXRD and XAS. T.L., L.L, J.D., W.C., R.H. and I.R. performed in situ BCDI, CMCD and data analysis. S.L., J.Z. and F.P. conducted DFT calculation. T.L., J. Liu, J. Lu, F.P. and K.A. wrote the manuscript and all authors edited the manuscript.	Author contributions T.L., J. Liu, L.L., J. Lu, F.P . and K.A. conceived the idea and designed the experiments. T.L., J. Liu, R.Q. and S.X. synthesized all the materials and conducted electrochemical measurements. J. Liu, L.Y., T.Z., Y.X., W.Z. and J.W. carried out the TEM, EELS and 3D-rED measurements. T.L., A.D., T.W., L.W. and Y.R. performed ex situ synchrotron HEXRD and XAS. T.L., L.L, J.D., W.C., R.H. and I.R. performed in situ BCDI, CMCD and data analysis. S.L., J.Z. and F.P. conducted DFT calculation. T.L., J. Liu, J. Lu, F.P. and K.A. wrote the manuscript and all authors edited the manuscript.
low	10	592	text	back_matter_text	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop	p10:body_region:1	p10:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 433.66, 177.89, 5.26]	Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.	Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.
low	10	593	section_header	unknown_text	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop	p10:body_region:1	p10:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[249, 249, 249] white	[306.14, 451.68, 63.4, 5.25]	Additional information	Additional information
low	10	594	text	back_matter_text	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop	p10:body_region:1	p10:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 459.69, 254.68, 13.28]	Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Jun Lu, Feng Pan or Khalil Amine.	Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Jun Lu, Feng Pan or Khalil Amine.
low	10	595	text	affiliation	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop	p10:body_region:1	p10:page_body:column_2_of_2:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 475.73, 253.66, 13.28]	Peer review information Nature thanks Doron Aurbach and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work.	Peer review information Nature thanks Doron Aurbach and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work.
low	11	597	caption	caption	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p11:page_body:left_crossing:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 554.15, 254.95, 46.51]	Extended Data Fig. 1 \| The morphology, particle distribution, surface area and composition of the LMR cathode. a , b The SEM image of the LMR powder. The particle size ranges from 200-600 nm. c The particle size distribution of the as-prepared LMR cathode. The mean particle size of LMR cathode is around 583 nm. d The nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm of LMR. e The	Extended Data Fig. 1 \| The morphology, particle distribution, surface area and composition of the LMR cathode. a , b The SEM image of the LMR powder. The particle size ranges from 200-600 nm. c The particle size distribution of the as-prepared LMR cathode. The mean particle size of LMR cathode is around 583 nm. d The nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm of LMR. e The
low	11	598	caption	caption	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p11:page_body:right_crossing:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 554.17, 256.06, 46.49]	corresponding BET plot of LMR. The nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm and the corresponding BET plot of the as-prepared LMR cathode indicate that its specific surface area is calculated to be 2.804 m 2 g -1 . f SEM-EDS results of the pristine LMR cathode. The actual chemical composition complies well with the design (Mn : Co : Ni = 4 : 1 : 1).	corresponding BET plot of LMR. The nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm and the corresponding BET plot of the as-prepared LMR cathode indicate that its specific surface area is calculated to be 2.804 m 2 g -1 . f SEM-EDS results of the pristine LMR cathode. The actual chemical composition complies well with the design (Mn : Co : Ni = 4 : 1 : 1).
low	12	599	section_header	metadata	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p12:top_margin:left:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 28.45, 46.17, 12.96]	Article	Article
low	12	600	caption	caption	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p12:page_body:left_crossing:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 473.63, 251.82, 57.32]	Extended Data Fig. 2 \| The electrochemical properties of the LMR cathode. a , b The first charge/discharge curve and corresponding dQ/dV curve of LMR cathode. The first charge profile exhibits two distinct electrochemical stages at different voltage ranges. Stage 1 corresponds to the Li + extraction (de-lithiation) from LiTMO 2 domains with concomitant oxidation of Ni 2+ and Co 3+ . Stage 2 corresponds to the activation of Li 2 MnO3 domains, further Li+	Extended Data Fig. 2 \| The electrochemical properties of the LMR cathode. a , b The first charge/discharge curve and corresponding dQ/dV curve of LMR cathode. The first charge profile exhibits two distinct electrochemical stages at different voltage ranges. Stage 1 corresponds to the Li + extraction (de-lithiation) from LiTMO 2 domains with concomitant oxidation of Ni 2+ and Co 3+ . Stage 2 corresponds to the activation of Li 2 MnO3 domains, further Li+
low	12	601	caption	caption	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p12:page_body:right_crossing:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 473.63, 252.85, 46.5]	extraction and at this stage oxygen is oxidized (at high potentials) to per-oxo species: (2O 2-↔ [O2] 2+ 2e -). c , d The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) test of the first charge. The Li-ion diffusion coefficient keeps stable in stage 1 but dramatically decreases after the activation of Li2MnO3 domains (stage 2).	extraction and at this stage oxygen is oxidized (at high potentials) to per-oxo species: (2O 2-↔ [O2] 2+ 2e -). c , d The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) test of the first charge. The Li-ion diffusion coefficient keeps stable in stage 1 but dramatically decreases after the activation of Li2MnO3 domains (stage 2).
low	13	602	caption	caption	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p13:page_body:left_crossing:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.68, 335.51, 254.49, 46.5]	Extended Data Fig. 3 \| The morphology, particle distribution, surface area and in situ DEMS of the Li2MnO3 cathode. a The SEM image of the as-prepared Li 2 MnO3 powder. The as-prepared Li2MnO3 exhibits a single-particle morphology with average particle size of 100-200 nm. b The nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm of the as-prepared Li2MnO3 powder. c The	Extended Data Fig. 3 \| The morphology, particle distribution, surface area and in situ DEMS of the Li2MnO3 cathode. a The SEM image of the as-prepared Li 2 MnO3 powder. The as-prepared Li2MnO3 exhibits a single-particle morphology with average particle size of 100-200 nm. b The nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm of the as-prepared Li2MnO3 powder. c The
low	13	603	caption	caption	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p13:page_body:right_crossing:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 335.51, 240.62, 46.5]	corresponding BET plot of the as-prepared Li 2 MnO3 powder. The specific surface area of Li 2 MnO3 is calculated to be 3.1106 m 2 g -1 . d The particle size distribution of the as-prepared Li2MnO3 powder. e In situ DEMS for the first charge of Li 2 MnO3. The signal of O 2 evolution is not detected until 20% delithiation of Li2MnO3.	corresponding BET plot of the as-prepared Li 2 MnO3 powder. The specific surface area of Li 2 MnO3 is calculated to be 3.1106 m 2 g -1 . d The particle size distribution of the as-prepared Li2MnO3 powder. e In situ DEMS for the first charge of Li 2 MnO3. The signal of O 2 evolution is not detected until 20% delithiation of Li2MnO3.
low	14	604	section_header	metadata	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p14:top_margin:left:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 28.45, 46.17, 12.96]	Article	Article
low	14	605	caption	caption	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p14:page_body:left_crossing:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 350.99, 256.3, 66.51]	Extended Data Fig. 4 \| The ex situ and in situ XRD and ex situ XAS of the LMR cathode. a The ex situ XRD patterns of the first charge/discharge for the LMR cathode. The superlattice evolution of the LMR cathode can be observed in the 2 theta range of 1.5-1.8°. The obvious lattice parameter changes can be observed from ex situ XRD pattern, particularly in the 2 theta range of 3.0-6.0°. b The in situ XRD patterns of the as-prepared LMR cathode during the first charge/discharge in the voltage range of 2.0-4.8 V using a current rate of C/10	Extended Data Fig. 4 \| The ex situ and in situ XRD and ex situ XAS of the LMR cathode. a The ex situ XRD patterns of the first charge/discharge for the LMR cathode. The superlattice evolution of the LMR cathode can be observed in the 2 theta range of 1.5-1.8°. The obvious lattice parameter changes can be observed from ex situ XRD pattern, particularly in the 2 theta range of 3.0-6.0°. b The in situ XRD patterns of the as-prepared LMR cathode during the first charge/discharge in the voltage range of 2.0-4.8 V using a current rate of C/10
low	14	606	caption	caption	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p14:page_body:right_crossing:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 350.04, 252.98, 57.46]	(1C = 250 mA g -1 ). The obvious lattice parameter changes can be observed from in situ XRD patterns, particularly in the 2 theta range of 1.3-1.5°. Generally, the structure evolution observed in in situ XRD is completely consistent with that in ex situ XRD (Figure 3c). c-e Ex situ Mn K-edge EXAFS spectra of the samples at pristine, 4.5V and 4.8V and the corresponding fitting results. Detailed fitting results are shown in Extended Data Table 2.	(1C = 250 mA g -1 ). The obvious lattice parameter changes can be observed from in situ XRD patterns, particularly in the 2 theta range of 1.3-1.5°. Generally, the structure evolution observed in in situ XRD is completely consistent with that in ex situ XRD (Figure 3c). c-e Ex situ Mn K-edge EXAFS spectra of the samples at pristine, 4.5V and 4.8V and the corresponding fitting results. Detailed fitting results are shown in Extended Data Table 2.
low	15	607	caption	caption	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p15:page_body:full:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 573.71, 517.55, 16.5]	Extended Data Fig. 5 \| Visible lattice displacement observations using TEM of the LMR charged to 4.47 V. High magnification TEM image of the LMR charged to 4.47 V. Although the layered structure is maintained, lattices in the marked areas are deformed significantly.	Extended Data Fig. 5 \| Visible lattice displacement observations using TEM of the LMR charged to 4.47 V. High magnification TEM image of the LMR charged to 4.47 V. Although the layered structure is maintained, lattices in the marked areas are deformed significantly.
low	16	608	section_header	metadata	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p16:top_margin:left:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 28.45, 46.17, 12.96]	Article	Article
low	16	609	caption	caption	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p16:page_body:left_crossing:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 662.99, 249.08, 57.32]	Extended Data Fig. 6 \| Visible structural observations of the LMR charged to 4.5 V. a High magnification TEM image of the LMR charged to 4.5 V. b The enlarged image of the selected area in Extended Data Fig. 6a. c The corresponding Fourier pattern of the select area of Extended Data Fig. 6a. d , e , f and g The simulated patterns of standard electron diffractions for layer [210], spinel [112], and Li 2 MnO3 [100]/[110]. h , i and j TEM images of the LMR	Extended Data Fig. 6 \| Visible structural observations of the LMR charged to 4.5 V. a High magnification TEM image of the LMR charged to 4.5 V. b The enlarged image of the selected area in Extended Data Fig. 6a. c The corresponding Fourier pattern of the select area of Extended Data Fig. 6a. d , e , f and g The simulated patterns of standard electron diffractions for layer [210], spinel [112], and Li 2 MnO3 [100]/[110]. h , i and j TEM images of the LMR
low	16	610	caption	caption	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p16:page_body:right_crossing:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.15, 662.99, 255.75, 46.51]	cathode charged to 4.5 V. The lattice displacements are highlighted with yellow marks. k , l and m The corresponding FFT images of Extended Data Fig. 6h, i and j. Obvious lattice displacements are observed in the different particles and the corresponding FFT images confirm the existence of spinel phase at 4.5 V, which is highly consistent with Fig. 4g results.	cathode charged to 4.5 V. The lattice displacements are highlighted with yellow marks. k , l and m The corresponding FFT images of Extended Data Fig. 6h, i and j. Obvious lattice displacements are observed in the different particles and the corresponding FFT images confirm the existence of spinel phase at 4.5 V, which is highly consistent with Fig. 4g results.
low	17	611	caption	caption	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p17:page_body:full:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 463.31, 517.29, 16.5]	Extended Data Fig. 7 \| The SAED images captured at different rotation angles from -40 to 36º. These SAED images in Extended Data Fig. 7 are used for 3D-rED reconstruction present in Fig. 4e-f.	Extended Data Fig. 7 \| The SAED images captured at different rotation angles from -40 to 36º. These SAED images in Extended Data Fig. 7 are used for 3D-rED reconstruction present in Fig. 4e-f.
low	18	612	section_header	metadata	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p18:top_margin:left:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 28.45, 46.17, 12.96]	Article	Article
low	18	613	caption	caption	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p18:page_body:left_crossing:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 650.51, 252.02, 36.51]	Extended Data Fig. 8 \| Lattice displacement and structure changes observed from 3D-rED and SAED. a , b The reciprocal lattice viewed along the a* axis of the LMR cathode at 4.5 V. c The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) image of the sample charged to 4.5 V. In addition to the typical layered	Extended Data Fig. 8 \| Lattice displacement and structure changes observed from 3D-rED and SAED. a , b The reciprocal lattice viewed along the a* axis of the LMR cathode at 4.5 V. c The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) image of the sample charged to 4.5 V. In addition to the typical layered
low	18	614	caption	caption	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p18:page_body:right_crossing:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 650.51, 247.52, 36.5]	structure and weak Li 2 MnO3 reflection, the reflection that corresponds to the spinel lattice can be also observed. d , e , f and g The simulated patterns of standard electron diffractions for Layer [210], spinel [112], and Li2MnO3 [100]/[110].	structure and weak Li 2 MnO3 reflection, the reflection that corresponds to the spinel lattice can be also observed. d , e , f and g The simulated patterns of standard electron diffractions for Layer [210], spinel [112], and Li2MnO3 [100]/[110].
low	19	615	caption	caption	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p19:page_body:left_crossing:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.68, 662.99, 255.14, 56.51]	Extended Data Fig. 9 \| Visible structural observations and chemical state changes of the LMR charged to 4.8 V. a, b Low and High magnification TEM image of the LMR charged to 4.8 V. A clear reconstruction surface layer with the spinel phase can be visualized. c Electron energy loss spectroscopy line scans of the O K-edge , Mn L-edge , Co & Ni L-edge for the LMR charged to 4.8 V along the direction from surface to bulk. The intensity of O-K edge pre-peaks	Extended Data Fig. 9 \| Visible structural observations and chemical state changes of the LMR charged to 4.8 V. a, b Low and High magnification TEM image of the LMR charged to 4.8 V. A clear reconstruction surface layer with the spinel phase can be visualized. c Electron energy loss spectroscopy line scans of the O K-edge , Mn L-edge , Co & Ni L-edge for the LMR charged to 4.8 V along the direction from surface to bulk. The intensity of O-K edge pre-peaks
low	19	616	caption	caption	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p19:page_body:right_crossing:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.13, 663.01, 248.09, 56.51]	substantially reduces from the interior to the exterior and almost disappears near the surface. Concurrently, Mn L-edge shows left shift near the surface. d Electron energy loss spectroscopy line scans of the O K-edge , Mn L-edge , Co & Ni L-edge for the LMR charged to 4.8 V along the surface fringe. The O-K line-scan parallel to the surface confirms that the oxygen release uniformly occurs in the entire particle surface as the disappeared O pre-peak.	substantially reduces from the interior to the exterior and almost disappears near the surface. Concurrently, Mn L-edge shows left shift near the surface. d Electron energy loss spectroscopy line scans of the O K-edge , Mn L-edge , Co & Ni L-edge for the LMR charged to 4.8 V along the surface fringe. The O-K line-scan parallel to the surface confirms that the oxygen release uniformly occurs in the entire particle surface as the disappeared O pre-peak.
low	20	617	section_header	metadata	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p20:top_margin:left:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 28.45, 46.17, 12.96]	Article	Article
low	20	618	caption	caption	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p20:page_body:left_crossing:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.68, 435.95, 254.34, 76.5]	Extended Data Fig. 10 \| Structure and electrochemical properties of O2 phase-based LMR. a The XRD pattern of as-prepared Li x Ni0.13 Mn0.54 Co0.13 O2. The diffraction peaks belonging to an O2 phase with P63mc symmetry are indexed by blue marks, while some tiny peaks belonging to O3 phase with R-3m symmetry are indexed by red marks. b High-resolution TEM image showing the atomic arrangements of O2 phase LMR. The Li2 MnO3-like domain is rarely observed in the O2-type LMR, which suggests that the Li@Mn 6 structural motifs in the O2 type LMR cathode are dispersed in the TM layer instead of	Extended Data Fig. 10 \| Structure and electrochemical properties of O2 phase-based LMR. a The XRD pattern of as-prepared Li x Ni0.13 Mn0.54 Co0.13 O2. The diffraction peaks belonging to an O2 phase with P63mc symmetry are indexed by blue marks, while some tiny peaks belonging to O3 phase with R-3m symmetry are indexed by red marks. b High-resolution TEM image showing the atomic arrangements of O2 phase LMR. The Li2 MnO3-like domain is rarely observed in the O2-type LMR, which suggests that the Li@Mn 6 structural motifs in the O2 type LMR cathode are dispersed in the TM layer instead of
low	20	619	caption	caption	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p20:page_body:right_crossing:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[306.14, 435.95, 248.81, 66.51]	being aggregated to form a Li 2MnO3-like domain. c The charge/discharge profiles of O2 phase-based LMR cathode. The cells were activated at C/10 within first 3 cycles and then cycled at C/3. The smooth charging behaviour with no apparently differentiated voltage plateaus indicates effectively suppressed differential electrochemical activities. d The voltage stability of the O2 type LMR cathode during cycles presents in the plot of average (mean) voltage profiles vs cycle number.	being aggregated to form a Li 2MnO3-like domain. c The charge/discharge profiles of O2 phase-based LMR cathode. The cells were activated at C/10 within first 3 cycles and then cycled at C/3. The smooth charging behaviour with no apparently differentiated voltage plateaus indicates effectively suppressed differential electrochemical activities. d The voltage stability of the O2 type LMR cathode during cycles presents in the plot of average (mean) voltage profiles vs cycle number.
low	21	620	page_header	page_header	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p21:top_margin:full:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 49.89, 512.2, 7.87]	Extended Data Table 1 \| Lattice parameters obtained by the two-phase structure model refinement of pristine LMR cathode	Extended Data Table 1 \| Lattice parameters obtained by the two-phase structure model refinement of pristine LMR cathode
low	22	622	section_header	metadata	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p22:top_margin:left:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 28.55, 45.61, 12.25]	Article	Article
low	22	623	section_header	unknown_text	after_back_matter_stop	after_back_matter_stop	after_stop		p22:top_margin:left_crossing:white	[255, 255, 255] white	[39.69, 49.89, 402.15, 7.87]	Extended Data Table 2 \| Structural parameters of the samples obtained by fitting the EXAFS data	Extended Data Table 2 \| Structural parameters of the samples obtained by fitting the EXAFS data