asset_index element_type label page caption_source suppress_in_index duplicate_of duplicate_reason region_rescue_reason visual_group_id parent_visual_label parent_visual_type confidence bbox section caption_preview caption 1 figure Fig. 1 3 direct_caption_ref False 0.82 [166.16, 278.22, 390.12, 185.15] 2.1. Materials Synthesis Figure 1. Schematic representation of the synthesis of integrated y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3 cathode materials using the citric acid assisted sol-gel method (acetate route). Figure 1. Schematic representation of t… Figure 1. Schematic representation of the synthesis of integrated y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3 cathode materials using the citric acid assisted sol-gel method (acetate route). Figure 1. Schematic representation of the synthesis of integrated y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials using the citric acid assisted sol-gel method (acetate route). 2 figure Fig. 2 5 direct_caption_ref False 0.82 [42.28, 123.61, 510.8, 312.53] 3.1. Structural Investigations Figure 2. ( a ) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of integrated layered cathode materials. ( b ) XRD reflections at ca. 2 θ = 44.5°, ( c ) detailed XRD patterns in the 2 θ range 63-67°, and ( d -f ) Rietveld refinements … Figure 2. ( a ) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of integrated layered cathode materials. ( b ) XRD reflections at ca. 2 θ = 44.5°, ( c ) detailed XRD patterns in the 2 θ range 63-67°, and ( d -f ) Rietveld refinements of the as-prepared y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) prepared by the sol-gel method. Figure 2. ( a ) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of integrated layered cathode materials. ( b ) XRD reflections at ca. 2 θ = 44.5 ◦ , ( c ) detailed XRD patterns in the 2 θ range 63-67 ◦ , and ( d -f ) Rietveld refinements of the as-prepared y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) prepared by the sol-gel method. 3 figure Fig. 3 7 direct_caption_ref False 0.82 [168.44, 208.48, 385.26, 285.89] 3.1. Structural Investigations Figure 3. Structural properties of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 samples as a function of y (Li 2MnO3). ( a ) Evolution of the refined lattice parameters a hex and c hex using an hexagonal system. ( b ) … Figure 3. Structural properties of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 samples as a function of y (Li 2MnO3). ( a ) Evolution of the refined lattice parameters a hex and c hex using an hexagonal system. ( b ) Variation in the c/a ration and cell volume. ( c ) Variations in the R-factors. ( d ) Variation in the amount of Ni 2+ in the Li site and interslab thickness ( I (LiO2) ). 4 figure Fig. 4 8 direct_caption_ref False 0.82 [167.56, 428.59, 338.2, 137.14] 3.1. Structural Investigations Figure 4. ( a ) Analysis of microstrain from the full-width B at half-maximum of the XRD peaks according to Equation (1) ( b ) Evolution of the crystallite size and strain field (see Equation (1)) as a Figure 4. ( a ) A… Figure 4. ( a ) Analysis of microstrain from the full-width B at half-maximum of the XRD peaks according to Equation (1) ( b ) Evolution of the crystallite size and strain field (see Equation (1)) as a Figure 4. ( a ) Analysis of microstrain from the full-width B at half-maximum of the XRD peaks according to Equation (1) ( b ) Evolution of the crystallite size and strain field (see Equation (1)) as a function of Li2 MnO3 content ( y ). 5 figure Fig. 5 9 direct_caption_ref False 0.82 [92.61, 206.39, 409.44, 334.86] 3.2. Morphological Characterization Figure 5. SEM images at magnifications of 10 k and 50 k and particle-size distribution of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 powders: ( a -c ) for y = 0.0 (LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ), ( d -f ) for y = 0.3 (L… Figure 5. SEM images at magnifications of 10 k and 50 k and particle-size distribution of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 powders: ( a -c ) for y = 0.0 (LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ), ( d -f ) for y = 0.3 (Li 1.134 Ni 0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O2), and ( g -i ) for y = 0.5 (Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 ). 6 figure Fig. 6 10 direct_caption_ref False 0.82 [94.79, 276.34, 405.08, 329.84] 3.2. Morphological Characterization Figure 6. TEM( a , d , g ), HRTEM ( b , e , h ), and SAED ( c , f , i ) images of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 powders: ( a -c ) for y = 0.0 (LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ), ( d -f ) for y = 0.3 (Li 1.134 Ni… Figure 6. TEM( a , d , g ), HRTEM ( b , e , h ), and SAED ( c , f , i ) images of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 powders: ( a -c ) for y = 0.0 (LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ), ( d -f ) for y = 0.3 (Li 1.134 Ni 0.2 Co0.2 Mn0.466 O2 ), and ( g -i ) for y = 0.5 (Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 ). 7 figure Fig. 7 11 direct_caption_ref False 0.82 [69.58, 207.66, 455.02, 286.14] 3.2. Morphological Characterization Figure 7. ( a -c ) EDX spectra and ( d ) comparison between theoretical and experimental values for 3D elements of prepared y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. Figure 7. ( a -c ) EDX spectra and … Figure 7. ( a -c ) EDX spectra and ( d ) comparison between theoretical and experimental values for 3D elements of prepared y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. Figure 7. ( a -c ) EDX spectra and ( d ) comparison between theoretical and experimental values for 3D elements of prepared y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. 8 figure Fig. 8 12 direct_caption_ref False 0.82 [168.68, 194.21, 320.55, 252.13] 3.2. Morphological Characterization Figure 8. ( a -c ) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms for y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. ( d ) Variation in specific surface area and pore volume as function of y (Li2MnO3). Figure 8. (… Figure 8. ( a -c ) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms for y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. ( d ) Variation in specific surface area and pore volume as function of y (Li2MnO3). Figure 8. ( a -c ) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms for y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. ( d ) Variation in specific surface area and pore volume as function of y (Li2 MnO3). 9 figure Fig. 9 13 direct_caption_ref False 0.82 [167.15, 445.95, 353.17, 287.91] 3.3. Vibrational Properties Figure 9. Raman scattering spectra of integrated y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 powders: ( a ) y = 0.0, ( b ) y = 0.3, ( c ) y = 0.5. ( d ) Frequency shift in the A 1g and E g modes against the composition. Figure 9.… Figure 9. Raman scattering spectra of integrated y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 powders: ( a ) y = 0.0, ( b ) y = 0.3, ( c ) y = 0.5. ( d ) Frequency shift in the A 1g and E g modes against the composition. Figure 9. Raman scattering spectra of integrated y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 powders: ( a ) y = 0.0, ( b ) y = 0.3, ( c ) y = 0.5. ( d ) Frequency shift in the A 1g and E g modes against the composition. 10 figure Fig. 10 15 nearby_text_caption False 0.82 [167.04, 425.88, 385.23, 302.32] 3.4. Electrochemical Properties Figure 10. Galvanostatic charge-discharge capacity curves recorded at C/10 rate in potential range 2.0-4.8 V vs. Li + /Li for ( a ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, ( b ) Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O, ( c ) Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 u… Figure 10. Galvanostatic charge-discharge capacity curves recorded at C/10 rate in potential range 2.0-4.8 V vs. Li + /Li for ( a ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, ( b ) Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O, ( c ) Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 until 5 cycles, ( d ) Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 over 100 cycles. Figure 10. Galvanostatic charge-discharge capacity curves recorded at C/10 rate in potential range 2.0-4.8 V vs. Li + /Li for ( a ) LiNi1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 , ( b ) Li1.134 Ni 0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O, ( c ) Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O 2 until 5 cycles, ( d ) Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O 2 over 100 cycles. 11 figure Fig. 11 18 direct_caption_ref False 0.82 [168.21, 73.65, 384.91, 288.72] 3.4. Electrochemical Properties Figure 11. Differential capacity (-d Q /d V ) vs. V plots for ( a ) y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 e trodes at first cycle, ( b ) pristine LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, ( c ) Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O2, and Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.1… Figure 11. Differential capacity (-d Q /d V ) vs. V plots for ( a ) y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 e trodes at first cycle, ( b ) pristine LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, ( c ) Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O2, and Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 at 1st and 100th cycles. Figure 11. Differential capacity ( -d Q /d V ) vs. V plots for ( a ) y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 electrodes at first cycle, ( b ) pristine LiNi1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 , ( c ) Li1.134 Ni 0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O2, and ( d ) Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O 2 at 1st and 100th cycles. 12 figure Fig. 12 19 direct_caption_ref False 0.82 [77.11, 74.24, 440.2, 168.23] 3.4. Electrochemical Properties Figure 12. ( a ) Cycling performance at C /10 rate and ( b ) rate capability for y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 electrodes. Figure 12. ( a ) Cycling performance at C /10 rate and ( b ) rate capability for y Li2 MnO… Figure 12. ( a ) Cycling performance at C /10 rate and ( b ) rate capability for y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 electrodes. Figure 12. ( a ) Cycling performance at C /10 rate and ( b ) rate capability for y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 electrodes. 13 figure Fig. 13 21 direct_caption_ref False 0.82 [167.62, 250.02, 333.51, 338.71] 3.5. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Figure 13. EIS measurements ( Z ′′ vs. Z ′ plots) of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ( y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) electrodes: ( a ) Fresh electrodes, ( b ) after 50 cycles at a 0.1C rate, ( c ) equivalent mode… Figure 13. EIS measurements ( Z ′′ vs. Z ′ plots) of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ( y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) electrodes: ( a ) Fresh electrodes, ( b ) after 50 cycles at a 0.1C rate, ( c ) equivalent model circuit. Plots of the real part of the impedance vs. ω -1/2 for ( d ) fresh electrodes and ( e ) after 100 cycles. 14 figure Fig. 14 24 direct_caption_ref False 0.82 [168.12, 75.28, 359.46, 149.48] 3.6. Area-Specific Impedance (ASI) Figure 14. Area-specific impedance (ASI) of parent and y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 ( y =0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) as a function of depth of discharge (DOD): ( a ) fresh cell and ( b ) after 100 cycles. Figure 14. Area-sp… Figure 14. Area-specific impedance (ASI) of parent and y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 ( y =0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) as a function of depth of discharge (DOD): ( a ) fresh cell and ( b ) after 100 cycles. Figure 14. Area-specific impedance (ASI) of parent and y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn1/3O2 ( y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) as a function of depth of discharge (DOD): ( a ) fresh cell and ( b ) after 100 cycles. 15 table Table 1 2 direct_caption_ref False 0.82 [35.09, 600.89, 524.0, 58.97] 1. Introduction Table 1. Formulation of stoichiometric Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides studied in this work. Table 1. Formulation of stoichiometric Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides studied in this work. 16 table Table 2 6 direct_caption_ref False 0.82 [34.7, 117.65, 524.54, 359.36] 3.1. Structural Investigations Table 2. Structural parameters obtained from Rietveld refinements of X-ray diffractograms of integrated y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 layered oxides synthesized by citric acid-assisted sol-gel method. Table 2. Structural parameters obtained from Rietveld refinements of X-ray diffractograms of integrated y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 layered oxides synthesized by citric acid-assisted sol-gel method. 17 table Table 3 11 nearby_text_caption False 0.82 [34.9, 575.59, 524.42, 186.19] 3.2. Morphological Characterization Table 3. Rietveld and EDX analysis of Ni, Co, and Mn in the y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 composite powders in atomic percent (at. %) ratio of elements. Table 3. Rietveld and EDX analysis of Ni, Co, and Mn in the y… Table 3. Rietveld and EDX analysis of Ni, Co, and Mn in the y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 composite powders in atomic percent (at. %) ratio of elements. Table 3. Rietveld and EDX analysis of Ni, Co, and Mn in the y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 composite powders in atomic percent (at. %) ratio of elements. 18 table Table 4 13 direct_caption_ref False 0.82 [165.61, 125.85, 393.39, 83.72] 3.2. Morphological Characterization Table 4. BET results and pore structure parameters for y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 powders. Table 4. BET results and pore structure parameters for y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 powders. 19 table Table 5 16 direct_caption_ref False 0.82 [165.2, 115.71, 394.29, 283.88] 3.4. Electrochemical Properties Table 5. Theoretical charge, discharge-specific capacities, irreversible capacities (IRs), and Coulombic efficiency (CE) of corresponding components in y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 based on mass ratio of… Table 5. Theoretical charge, discharge-specific capacities, irreversible capacities (IRs), and Coulombic efficiency (CE) of corresponding components in y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 based on mass ratio of electrode material compared with observed values corresponding to individual stage. 20 table Table 6 22 direct_caption_ref False 0.82 [34.66, 286.03, 524.8, 197.76] 3.5. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Table 6. Fitting results of Nyquist plots for the y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 ( y =0.0, 0.3 and 0.5) electrodes before cycling and after 100 cycles. Table 6. Fitting results of Nyquist plots for the y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 ( y =0.0, 0.3 and 0.5) electrodes before cycling and after 100 cycles.