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这里对齐真实图表资产提取链路。caption_source=embedded_table_cell 表示表注来自 Docling table cell，不会出现在 text block 审计差集里；caption_continuation_used_by_asset 表示某个 text block 已被图表 caption 吸收，不应按普通 metadata 解读。
| # | type | label | page | caption source | suppressed | duplicate reason | rescue reason | group | confidence | bbox | caption |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | figure | Fig. 1 | 3 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [71.63, 50.19, 401.32, 327.63] | Fig. 1 a Constitutional costs for manufacturing a typical LIB and SIB. Values are from ref. (Kim et al. 2014). b Abundances of metal elementals involved in standard cathode materials. Values are taken from ref. (Nitta et al. 2015). c Sustainable (naturally | ||||
| 2 | figure | Fig. 2 | 4 | sequence_or_inferred_caption | 0.82 | [46.13, 49.06, 455.09, 126.05] | Fig. 2 a Crystal structure of layered LiMO2. Reproduced from ref. (Chen et al. 2016) with permission. b Cycling profile of layered LiMnO2. Reproduced from ref. (Armstrong and Bruce 1996) with permission. c Structural illustration and voltage profiles of orthorhombic LiMnO2. Reproduced from ref. (Croguennec et al. 1997b) and ref. (He et al. 2010) with permissions | ||||
| 3 | figure | Fig. 3 | 5 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [73.3, 51.24, 400.1, 219.97] | Fig. 3 a , b Charge/discharge curves of LiFeO2 ( a ) and oxygen-deficient LiFeO2-x ( b ). c XRD pattern of cycled O3-type LiFeO2. Reproduced from ref. (Hirayama et al. 2011) with permission | ||||
| 4 | figure | Docling Figure 4 | 6 | missing_caption | 0.55 | [79.6, 48.36, 382.72, 590.51] | |||||
| 5 | figure | Fig. 5 | 8 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [71.07, 49.41, 400.28, 297.97] | Fig. 5 a Crystal structure of spinel LiMn2O4. Reproduced from ref. (Chen et al. 2016) with permission. b -e Schematic diagram of the composites and the corresponding electrochemical performance. Reproduced from ref. (Lee et al. 2017) with permission | ||||
| 6 | figure | Fig. 6 | 10 | sequence_or_inferred_caption | 0.82 | [48.04, 47.24, 452.62, 326.96] | Fig. 6 a Comparison of the two structural configurations in LNMO. Reproduced from ref. (Liu et al. 2012a) with permission. b Typical charge/discharge curves of LNMO with the two phases. Reproduced from ref. (Wang et al. 2011b) with permission. c , d Structural characteristics and electrochemical properties on the basis of our prepared samples. e , f Outstanding capacity retention achieved by using lithium phosphorus oxynitride solid electrolyte. Reproduced from ref. (Li et al. 2015b) with permission | ||||
| 7 | figure | Fig. 7 | 11 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [253.86, 48.01, 243.63, 593.54] | Fig. 7 a Crystal structure of spinel LiMn2O4. Reproduced from ref. (Chen et al. 2016) with permission. b High-rate discharge capability of LiFe 0.9P0.95O4δ . Reproduced from ref. (Kang and Ceder 2009) with permission. c Structural and electrochemical properties of a core-shell LFP nanocomposites. Reproduced from ref. (Naoi et al. 2016) with permission. d Morphology and discharge curves of LMO nanoparticles. Reproduced with permission (Hong et al. 2015). e Phase transformation diagram of LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4 over the extraction/insertion of Li ions. Reproduced from ref. (Ravnsbæk et al. 2014) with permission. f Phase transformation strain as a function of the Mn content in LFMP, and a special case of LiMn0.2Fe0.8PO4 with no misfit strain. Reproduced from ref. (Ravnsbæk et al. 2016) with permission. g LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 nanocrystals with different Fe-Li antisite defects showing distinct rate performance. Reproduced from ref. (Hu et al. 2017) with permission | ||||
| 8 | figure | Fig. 8 | 14 | sequence_or_inferred_caption | 0.82 | [45.97, 48.86, 456.28, 254.24] | Fig. 8 a , b Crystal structures of P 21/ n Li2FeSiO4 ( a ), which transforms into Pmn 21 Li2FeSiO4 ( b ). c Typical charge/discharge curves of Li2FeSiO4. Reproduced from ref. (Armstrong et al. 2011) with permission. d Structural transformation routes of LiFeBO3 during delithiation and degradation. Reproduced from ref. (Bo et al. 2014) with permission. e Charge/discharge profiles of mesoporous LiFeBO3/C hollow spheres. Reproduced from ref. (Chen et al. 2015) with permission | ||||
| 9 | figure | Fig. 9 | 15 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [216.6, 48.7, 283.67, 313.54] | Fig. 9 a Structural comparison of P2-type and O3-type NaxMO2. Reproduced from ref. (Yabuuchi et al. 2012a) with permission. b Synthesis phase diagram of NaxCoO2 as a function of the Na/ Co ratio from precursors and heating temperature. Reproduced from ref. (Lei et al. 2014) with permission | ||||
| 10 | figure | Fig. 10 | 16 | sequence_or_inferred_caption | 0.82 | [46.31, 50.07, 454.85, 145.54] | Fig. 10 a Initial charge/discharge curves of NaFeO2 on the dependence of different cut-off potentials. Reprinted from ref. (Okada et al. 2006) with permission. b Voltage profiles along cycling. c A diagram illustrating the electrochemical active Fe 3+ / Fe 4+ redox couple. Reproduced from ref. (Lee et al. 2015) with permission | ||||
| 11 | figure | Fig. 11 | 16 | nearby_text_caption | 0.82 | [216.45, 275.4, 284.78, 387.31] | Fig. 11 a Stability domain of the different structural types observed for as-synthesized NaxMnO2 compounds. Reproduced from ref. (Clément et al. 2015) with permission. b Schematic representations of β -NaMnO2 and an intergrowth model between α - and β -NaMnO2. Reproduced from ref. (Billaud et al. 2014a) with permission. c , d Voltage profiles of α -NaMnO2 and the complex structure. Reproduced from ref. (Ma et al. 2011), (Billaud et al. 2014a) with permissions | ||||
| 12 | figure | Fig. 12 | 17 | nearby_text_caption | 0.82 | [285.05, 50.31, 216.58, 543.75] | Fig. 12 a , b Charge-discharge curves of o -NMO ( a ) and h -NMO ( b ). c , d Operando XRD patterns of o -NMO ( c ) and h -NMO ( d ) over initial charge/discharge curves. Reproduced from ref. (Kumakura et al. 2016) with permission | ||||
| 13 | figure | Fig. 13 | 18 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [215.94, 49.21, 284.82, 231.46] | Fig. 13 a Schematic representation of the tunnel Na0.44MnO2. b Voltage profiles of the monocrystal Na0.44MnO2 nanoplates. c Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of the Na0.44MnO2 electrode between 2.0 and 4.0 Vat a scanning rate of 0.1 mV s -1 . d Corresponding insitu XRD patterns over the voltage scanning. Reproduced from ref. (He et al. 2016) with permission | ||||
| 14 | figure | Fig. 14 | 19 | nearby_text_caption | 0.82 | [217.41, 540.48, 283.48, 120.53] | Fig. 14 Phase evolution in Na0.67Mn0.5Fe0.5O2 and Nisubstituted Na0.67Mn0.65Ni0.15Fe0.2O2 over the first cycle, and schematic illustration of Mn/Fe migration into tetrahedral sites in the Na space at high potential. Reproduced from ref. (Talaie et al. 2015) with permission | ||||
| 15 | figure | Fig. 15 | 21 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [191.23, 48.89, 308.11, 592.98] | Fig. 15 a -e Crystal structures of olivine NFP, maricite NFP, NASICON-type Na3Fe2(PO4)3, layered Na3Fe3(PO4)4, alluauditetype Na2Fe3(PO4)3. Reproduced from ref. (Naoaki and Shinichi 2014) with permission. Their typical charge/discharge curves are shown on the right side. Reproduced from ref. (Ali et al. 2016), (Kim et al. 2015b), (Trad et al. 2010b), (Huang et al. 2015b), and (Liu et al. 2017b) with permissions | ||||
| 16 | figure | Fig. 16 | 22 | sequence_or_inferred_caption | 0.82 | [46.05, 395.76, 454.95, 224.11] | Fig. 16 a -c Triclinic structure ( P -1) of Na2FeP2O7 and corresponding electrochemical properties. Reproduced from ref. (Barpanda et al. 2012) with permission. d Voltage profiles of P -1 Na2MnP2O7. Reproduced from ref. (Park et al. 2013) with permission. e , f Crystal structure of β -Na2MnP2O7 (triclinic P 1) and its voltage profiles. Reproduced from ref. (Barpanda et al. 2013b) with permission | ||||
| 17 | figure | Fig. 17 | 23 | sequence_or_inferred_caption | 0.82 | [88.4, 48.39, 367.79, 575.2] | Fig. 17 Crystal structures of alluaudite-type Na2Fe2(SO4)3 ( a ), eldfellite NaFe(SO4)2 ( b ), Na2Fe2(C2O4)3·2H2O ( c ), and Na2Fe(C2O4)F2 with their voltage profiles are shown on the right side. Reproduced from ref. (Barpanda et al. 2014b), (Singh et al. 2015), (Yao et al. 2017b), and (Yao et al. 2017a) with permissions | ||||
| 18 | figure | Fig. 18 | 24 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [240.07, 50.23, 258.44, 590.88] | Fig. 18 a -d Crystal structures of Na2FePO4F ( a ), Na2MnPO4F ( b ), Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) ( c ), and Na3MnPO4CO3 ( d ). Reproduced from ref. (Naoaki and Shinichi 2014) with permission. Their representative voltage profiles are shown on the right side. Reproduced from ref. (Law et al. 2015), (Lin et al. 2014), (Wu et al. 2016), and (Huang et al. 2014) with permissions. e Highperformance Na4Mn3(PO4)2(P2O7), which was ascribed to the cooperative JahnTeller effect of Mn 3+ . Reproduced from ref. (Kim et al. 2015a) with permission | ||||
| 19 | figure | Fig. 19 | 25 | sequence_or_inferred_caption | 0.82 | [46.6, 48.59, 454.1, 330.48] | Fig. 19 a Crystal structure of PBAs with a face-centered cubic phase. b Charge and discharge curves of Na2MnMn(CN)6. c , d The schematic illustrations of the step-wise structural evolution over the extraction/insertion of Na + ions. Reproduced from ref. (Lee et al. 2014) with permission. e , f Voltage profile and cycling performance of a Prussian blue@C composite. Reproduced from ref. (Jiang et al. 2016) with permission | ||||
| 20 | figure | Fig. 20 | 29 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [74.14, 49.44, 399.05, 159.38] | Fig. 20 Illustration of the energy densities of those Fe- and Mn-based cathode materials for LIBs ( a ) and SIBs ( b ) | ||||
| 21 | table | Table 1 | 27 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [293.62, 47.52, 205.35, 614.55] | Table 1 Electrochemical properties of representative Fe- and Mn-based cathode materials for LIBs | ||||
| 22 | table | Table 2 | 28 | nearby_text_caption | 0.82 | [160.73, 48.41, 234.47, 613.54] | Table 2 Electrochemical properties of representative Fe- and Mn-based cathode materials for SIBs |
| page | order | label | role | included | risk | reason | parser reason | production usage | trunc | body region | region | bg | frame | bbox | raw text | cleaned text |
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| 1 | 0 | page_header | page_header | False | low | first_page_metadata | first_page_metadata | p1:body_region:0 | p1:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.19, 141.55, 18.69] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-018-4235-1 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | ||
| 1 | 1 | section_header | title_candidate | False | low | first_page_front_matter_heading | first_page_front_matter_heading | p1:body_region:0 | p1:front_matter:front_panel:gray | [195, 196, 196] gray | False | [52.44, 65.76, 39.87, 9.08] | REVIEW | REVIEW | ||
| 1 | 2 | section_header | title_candidate | False | low | first_page_front_matter_heading | first_page_front_matter_heading | p1:body_region:0 | p1:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 107.14, 380.39, 30.94] | Recent advances on Fe- and Mn-based cathode materials for lithium and sodium ion batteries | Recent advances on Fe- and Mn-based cathode materials for lithium and sodium ion batteries | ||
| 1 | 3 | text | front_matter_candidate | False | low | before_body_started | before_body_started | p1:body_region:0 | p1:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 157.49, 192.35, 33.85] | Xiaobo Zhu & Tongen Lin & Eric Manning & Yuancheng Zhang & Mengmeng Yu & Bin Zuo & Lianzhou Wang | Xiaobo Zhu & Tongen Lin & Eric Manning & Yuancheng Zhang & Mengmeng Yu & Bin Zuo & Lianzhou Wang | ||
| 1 | 4 | text | metadata | False | low | first_page_metadata | first_page_metadata | p1:body_region:0 | p1:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 225.19, 285.74, 17.6] | Received: 18 January 2018 /Accepted: 23 April 2018 /Published online: 11 June 2018 # Springer Science+Business Media B.V ., part of Springer Nature 2018 | Received: 18 January 2018 /Accepted: 23 April 2018 /Published online: 11 June 2018 # Springer Science+Business Media B.V ., part of Springer Nature 2018 | ||
| 1 | 5 | text | abstract_candidate | False | medium | implicit_abstract | implicit_abstract | p1:body_region:0 | p1:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 262.24, 215.51, 195.45] | Abstract The ever-growing market of electrochemical energy storage impels the advances on cost-effective and environmentally friendly battery chemistries. Lithiumion batteries (LIBs) are currently the most critical ener… | Abstract The ever-growing market of electrochemical energy storage impels the advances on cost-effective and environmentally friendly battery chemistries. Lithiumion batteries (LIBs) are currently the most critical ener… | ||
| 1 | 6 | text | front_matter_heading | False | low | abstract_boundary_front_matter | abstract_boundary_front_matter | p1:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 346.38, 215.5, 33.53] | Keywords Cathodematerials . Iron-based . Manganesebased . Lithium ion batteries . Sodium ion batteries . Energy storage | Keywords Cathodematerials . Iron-based . Manganesebased . Lithium ion batteries . Sodium ion batteries . Energy storage | |||
| 1 | 7 | text | abstract_candidate | False | medium | implicit_abstract | implicit_abstract | p1:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 262.24, 215.53, 58.48] | NaxFeyMn1-yO2, Na4MnFe2(PO4)(P2O7), and Prussian blue analogs. Also, challenges and prospects are discussed to direct the possible development of costeffective and high-performance cathode materials for future rechargea… | NaxFeyMn1-yO2, Na4MnFe2(PO4)(P2O7), and Prussian blue analogs. Also, challenges and prospects are discussed to direct the possible development of costeffective and high-performance cathode materials for future rechargea… | |||
| 1 | 8 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p1:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.89, 418.09, 52.55, 8.75] | Introduction | Introduction | |||
| 1 | 9 | text | metadata | False | medium | first_page_metadata | first_page_metadata | p1:body_region:0 | p1:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.76, 529.39, 214.35, 52.83] | X. Zhu : T. Lin : E. Manning : L. Wang ( * ) Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane 4072, Austral… | X. Zhu : T. Lin : E. Manning : L. Wang ( * ) Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane 4072, Austral… | ||
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| 1 | 13 | text | body | True | body | body | p1:body_region:0 | p1:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 485.98, 141.51, 7.35] | This article is part of the topical collection: | This article is part of the topical collection: | |||
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| 1 | 17 | text | body | True | body | body | p1:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.89, 442.97, 215.47, 220.33] | The demand for electrical energy storage is increasing exponentially along with the advancement of technologies and our ambition for clean and sustainable development. As a state-of-the-art energy storage system, lithiu… | The demand for electrical energy storage is increasing exponentially along with the advancement of technologies and our ambition for clean and sustainable development. As a state-of-the-art energy storage system, lithiu… | ||||
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| 2 | 19 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.76, 56.9, 215.51, 270.17] | A typical LIB is an enclosed device consisting of a cathode, an anode, a separator, and an electrolyte. In respect to the manufacturing cost of a LIB (Fig. 1a), the cathode part accounts for the most significant share, … | A typical LIB is an enclosed device consisting of a cathode, an anode, a separator, and an electrolyte. In respect to the manufacturing cost of a LIB (Fig. 1a), the cathode part accounts for the most significant share, … | ||||
| 2 | 20 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.76, 330.89, 215.54, 270.18] | Although both LIBs and SIBs should be directed to lower cost and higher performance, given the different application scenarios and development phases of LIBs and SIBs, the challenges existing in them still varies. In LI… | Although both LIBs and SIBs should be directed to lower cost and higher performance, given the different application scenarios and development phases of LIBs and SIBs, the challenges existing in them still varies. In LI… | ||||
| 2 | 21 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 604.84, 215.55, 58.48] | Taking advantage of abundant Na sources, SIBs hold the promise to support large-scale energy storage applications, which is critical in harnessing intermittent renewable energies such as solar and wind power. An essenti… | Taking advantage of abundant Na sources, SIBs hold the promise to support large-scale energy storage applications, which is critical in harnessing intermittent renewable energies such as solar and wind power. An essenti… | ||||
| 2 | 22 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p2:body_region:0 | p2:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [398.16, 34.25, 102.12, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | ||
| 2 | 23 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:0 | p2:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 56.9, 215.5, 183.03] | of suitable electrode materials that meet the long-term stability requirement and can deliver and accept large amounts of energy quickly. However, the radii of Na + (0.102 nm) is much larger compared to that of Li + (0.… | of suitable electrode materials that meet the long-term stability requirement and can deliver and accept large amounts of energy quickly. However, the radii of Na + (0.102 nm) is much larger compared to that of Li + (0.… | |||
| 2 | 24 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:0 | p2:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.89, 243.7, 215.49, 170.56] | Herein, this review summarizes the research advances on Fe- and Mn-based cathode materials for LIBs and SIBs, respectively, which are categorized into oxides, polyanion compounds, and hexacyanometalates (for SIBs). With… | Herein, this review summarizes the research advances on Fe- and Mn-based cathode materials for LIBs and SIBs, respectively, which are categorized into oxides, polyanion compounds, and hexacyanometalates (for SIBs). With… | |||
| 2 | 25 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p2:body_region:0 | p2:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.89, 442.97, 174.19, 8.75] | Fe- and Mn-based oxides as LIB cathodes | Fe- and Mn-based oxides as LIB cathodes | ||
| 2 | 26 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:0 | p2:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 467.86, 215.53, 195.46] | The introduction of LCO cathode has empowered the commercialization of the first LIB. LCO also guides the investigation of a family of α -NaFeO2-type layered oxides LiMO2, where M can be a TM or a mixture of several (Ch… | The introduction of LCO cathode has empowered the commercialization of the first LIB. LCO also guides the investigation of a family of α -NaFeO2-type layered oxides LiMO2, where M can be a TM or a mixture of several (Ch… | |||
| 3 | 27 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p3:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 102.17, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 3 | 28 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 384.38, 215.5, 37.31] | Fig. 1 a Constitutional costs for manufacturing a typical LIB and SIB. Values are from ref. (Kim et al. 2014). b Abundances of metal elementals involved in standard cathode materials. Values are taken from ref. (Nitta e… | Fig. 1 a Constitutional costs for manufacturing a typical LIB and SIB. Values are from ref. (Kim et al. 2014). b Abundances of metal elementals involved in standard cathode materials. Values are taken from ref. (Nitta e… | |||
| 3 | 29 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 442.98, 32.99, 9.61] | LiMnO2 | LiMnO2 | |||
| 3 | 30 | text | body | True | body | body | p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.76, 467.87, 215.51, 196.41] | After the success of LCO, researchers have made significant efforts to investigate the Mn-based structural analog of LCO (Fuchs and Kemmler-Sack 1994; Rossouw et al. 1993). However, layered O3-type LiMnO2 is challenging… | After the success of LCO, researchers have made significant efforts to investigate the Mn-based structural analog of LCO (Fuchs and Kemmler-Sack 1994; Rossouw et al. 1993). However, layered O3-type LiMnO2 is challenging… | ||||
| 3 | 31 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | True | [437.38, 34.25, 62.91, 7.44] | Page 3 of 40 160 | Page 3 of 40 160 | |||
| 3 | 32 | text | body | True | body | body | p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.89, 384.38, 215.4, 27.25] | recycled) elementals (shown in green) in the periodic table, in which main elements of current LIBs are circled in red. Reproduced from ref. (Larcher and Tarascon 2015) | recycled) elementals (shown in green) in the periodic table, in which main elements of current LIBs are circled in red. Reproduced from ref. (Larcher and Tarascon 2015) | ||||
| 3 | 33 | text | body | True | body | body | p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 442.98, 215.47, 83.37] | 1992) and LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 (Shaju et al. 2002; Tsutomu and Yoshinari 2001) (NMC). For example, the existence of low valance Ni (Ni 2+ ) can reduce the proportion of Mn 3+ . The synergistic contributions of various meta… | 1992) and LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 (Shaju et al. 2002; Tsutomu and Yoshinari 2001) (NMC). For example, the existence of low valance Ni (Ni 2+ ) can reduce the proportion of Mn 3+ . The synergistic contributions of various meta… | ||||
| 3 | 34 | text | body | True | body | body | p3:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 530.11, 215.52, 133.2] | Mn-substituted LiNixMn1-xO2 has been initially designed to address the issues in LiNiO 2 (Chen et al. 2014; Ohzuku et al. 1993), which is hard to prepare due to the difficulties in controlling stoichiometry, Li/Ni order… | Mn-substituted LiNixMn1-xO2 has been initially designed to address the issues in LiNiO 2 (Chen et al. 2014; Ohzuku et al. 1993), which is hard to prepare due to the difficulties in controlling stoichiometry, Li/Ni order… | ||||
| 4 | 35 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p4:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 12.51, 7.44] | 160 | 160 | |||
| 4 | 36 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p4:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [67.64, 34.25, 42.14, 7.35] | Page 4 of 40 | Page 4 of 40 | |||
| 4 | 37 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 182.33, 215.42, 27.25] | Fig. 2 a Crystal structure of layered LiMO2. Reproduced from ref. (Chen et al. 2016) with permission. b Cycling profile of layered LiMnO2. Reproduced from ref. (Armstrong and Bruce | Fig. 2 a Crystal structure of layered LiMO2. Reproduced from ref. (Chen et al. 2016) with permission. b Cycling profile of layered LiMnO2. Reproduced from ref. (Armstrong and Bruce | |||
| 4 | 38 | text | body | True | body | body | p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 231.0, 215.5, 70.9] | the use of an ion-exchange process to prepare highquality LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 with very low little intralayer disordering, which could maintain a capacity of ∼ 180 mAh g -1 even at a high rate of 6 °C (Kang et al. 2006). How… | the use of an ion-exchange process to prepare highquality LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 with very low little intralayer disordering, which could maintain a capacity of ∼ 180 mAh g -1 even at a high rate of 6 °C (Kang et al. 2006). How… | ||||
| 4 | 39 | text | body | True | body | body | p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 305.73, 215.48, 207.86] | Meanwhile, researchers investigated the cosubstitution of Co and Mn for better structural stability. In 2001, Ohzuku et al. reported the isometric LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC111) cathode, which demonstrated a rechargeable … | Meanwhile, researchers investigated the cosubstitution of Co and Mn for better structural stability. In 2001, Ohzuku et al. reported the isometric LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC111) cathode, which demonstrated a rechargeable … | ||||
| 4 | 40 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.78, 530.12, 29.02, 9.66] | LiFeO2 | LiFeO2 | |||
| 4 | 41 | text | body | True | body | body | p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 555.06, 215.53, 108.26] | In principle, the structure of LiMO 2 is dependent on the size of the M cation (Shirane et al. 1995). When Co is substituted by similarly smaller M cations, such as V 3+ , Cr 3+ , Ni 3+ , the layered rock-salt structure… | In principle, the structure of LiMO 2 is dependent on the size of the M cation (Shirane et al. 1995). When Co is substituted by similarly smaller M cations, such as V 3+ , Cr 3+ , Ni 3+ , the layered rock-salt structure… | ||||
| 4 | 42 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p4:body_region:0 | p4:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [398.16, 34.25, 102.12, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | ||
| 4 | 43 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p4:body_region:0 | p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 182.33, 215.53, 27.25] | 1996) with permission. c Structural illustration and voltage profiles of orthorhombic LiMnO2. Reproduced from ref. (Croguennec et al. 1997b) and ref. (He et al. 2010) with permissions | 1996) with permission. c Structural illustration and voltage profiles of orthorhombic LiMnO2. Reproduced from ref. (Croguennec et al. 1997b) and ref. (He et al. 2010) with permissions | ||
| 4 | 44 | text | body | True | body | body | p4:body_region:0 | p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.87, 231.0, 215.44, 95.79] | conditions (Catti and Montero-Campillo 2011). Those include disordered rock salt α phase and its derivate (Tabuchi et al. 1995), layered O3 phase (Shirane et al. 1995), corrugated layered phase (orthorhombic), goethite-… | conditions (Catti and Montero-Campillo 2011). Those include disordered rock salt α phase and its derivate (Tabuchi et al. 1995), layered O3 phase (Shirane et al. 1995), corrugated layered phase (orthorhombic), goethite-… | |||
| 4 | 45 | text | body | True | body | body | p4:body_region:0 | p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.87, 330.61, 215.52, 195.45] | The electrochemical performance of LiFeO2 is strongly related to the crystal structure, which decides the Li + pathway during the reaction. For example, bulk α -LiFeO2 obtained by solid state reaction is found to be ele… | The electrochemical performance of LiFeO2 is strongly related to the crystal structure, which decides the Li + pathway during the reaction. For example, bulk α -LiFeO2 obtained by solid state reaction is found to be ele… | |||
| 4 | 46 | text | body | True | body | body | p4:body_region:0 | p4:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.87, 529.89, 215.54, 134.16] | Though electrochemical activities have repeatedly been demonstrated for LiFeO2 with different phases, a critical issue is the abnormal redox reaction. Different from the reversible Li + intercalation/deintercalation in … | Though electrochemical activities have repeatedly been demonstrated for LiFeO2 with different phases, a critical issue is the abnormal redox reaction. Different from the reversible Li + intercalation/deintercalation in … | |||
| 5 | 47 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p5:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 102.17, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 5 | 48 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p5:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | True | [437.38, 34.25, 62.91, 7.44] | Page 5 of 40 160 | Page 5 of 40 160 | |||
| 5 | 49 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 277.12, 453.51, 17.33] | Fig. 3 a , b Charge/discharge curves of LiFeO2 ( a ) and oxygen-deficient LiFeO2-x ( b ). c XRD pattern of cycled O3-type LiFeO2. Reproduced from ref. (Hirayama et al. 2011) with permission | Fig. 3 a , b Charge/discharge curves of LiFeO2 ( a ) and oxygen-deficient LiFeO2-x ( b ). c XRD pattern of cycled O3-type LiFeO2. Reproduced from ref. (Hirayama et al. 2011) with permission | |||
| 5 | 50 | text | body | True | body | body | p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 318.31, 215.44, 158.09] | (Hirayama et al. 2011). As shown in Fig. 3, large voltage hysteresis is identified in the first cycle of LiFeO2, and the following profiles are similar with initially reduced LiFeO2-x. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns a… | (Hirayama et al. 2011). As shown in Fig. 3, large voltage hysteresis is identified in the first cycle of LiFeO2, and the following profiles are similar with initially reduced LiFeO2-x. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns a… | ||||
| 5 | 51 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 492.76, 89.77, 8.65] | Li2MnO3-based oxides | Li2MnO3-based oxides | |||
| 5 | 52 | text | body | True | body | body | p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 517.7, 215.49, 146.58] | With the low-cost constitution and very high deliverable capacities exceeding 250 mAh g -1 , Li2MnO3-based layered oxides are considered as one of the most promising cathode candidates for next-generation LIBs (Thackera… | With the low-cost constitution and very high deliverable capacities exceeding 250 mAh g -1 , Li2MnO3-based layered oxides are considered as one of the most promising cathode candidates for next-generation LIBs (Thackera… | ||||
| 5 | 53 | text | body | True | body | body | p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 318.31, 215.51, 158.09] | class of Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides (LMRs), which is deemed as either a single-phase solid solution (Jarvis et al. 2012; Koga et al. 2012; Shukla et al. 2015) expressed as Li(Li 1/3-2x/3MxMn2/3-x/3)O2 or a structura… | class of Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides (LMRs), which is deemed as either a single-phase solid solution (Jarvis et al. 2012; Koga et al. 2012; Shukla et al. 2015) expressed as Li(Li 1/3-2x/3MxMn2/3-x/3)O2 or a structura… | ||||
| 5 | 54 | text | body | True | body | body | p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 480.17, 215.54, 183.04] | The electrochemical properties of LMRs are highly associated with a unique activation behavior. The typical first charge profile involves several steps (Erickson et al. 2017). Below 4.4 V is a Li extraction from the Li-… | The electrochemical properties of LMRs are highly associated with a unique activation behavior. The typical first charge profile involves several steps (Erickson et al. 2017). Below 4.4 V is a Li extraction from the Li-… | ||||
| 6 | 55 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p6:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 12.51, 7.44] | 160 | 160 | |||
| 6 | 56 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p6:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [67.64, 34.25, 42.14, 7.35] | Page 6 of 40 | Page 6 of 40 | |||
| 6 | 57 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p6:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [398.16, 34.25, 102.12, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 7 | 58 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p7:body_region:0 | p7:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 102.17, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | ||
| 7 | 59 | text | body | True | body | body | p7:body_region:0 | p7:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [36.79, 53.66, 225.45, 100.76] | Fig. 4 a Crystal structure of monoclinic Li2MO3. Reproduced from ref. (Mohanty et al. 2013) with permission. b Charge voltage profile of a model LMR, 0.35LiMn2O3 · 0.65LiMn0.45Ni0.35Co0.20O2 with the illustration of s… | Fig. 4 a Crystal structure of monoclinic Li2MO3. Reproduced from ref. (Mohanty et al. 2013) with permission. b Charge voltage profile of a model LMR, 0.35LiMn2O3 · 0.65LiMn0.45Ni0.35Co0.20O2 with the illustration of s… | |||
| 7 | 60 | text | body | True | body | body | p7:body_region:0 | p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 174.82, 215.51, 182.97] | material, Li1.87Mn0.94Ni0.19O3, the Li2MnO3 activation process took dozens of cycles (Fig. 1d). By combining the electrochemical measurements with material characterisation including in-situ XRD and high-angle annularda… | material, Li1.87Mn0.94Ni0.19O3, the Li2MnO3 activation process took dozens of cycles (Fig. 1d). By combining the electrochemical measurements with material characterisation including in-situ XRD and high-angle annularda… | |||
| 7 | 61 | text | body | True | body | body | p7:body_region:0 | p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.78, 361.62, 215.56, 145.61] | As a promising cathode candidate that has been under the spotlight in past years, extensive work has been conducted to understand the local crystal structure, structural evolution, electrochemical behavior of LMRs, and … | As a promising cathode candidate that has been under the spotlight in past years, extensive work has been conducted to understand the local crystal structure, structural evolution, electrochemical behavior of LMRs, and … | |||
| 7 | 62 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p7:body_region:0 | p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.78, 530.11, 36.61, 9.67] | LiMn2O4 | LiMn2O4 | ||
| 7 | 63 | text | body | True | body | body | p7:body_region:0 | p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 555.06, 215.52, 108.26] | Spinel LiMn2O4 is another classic cathode material for LIBs, of which Thackeray et al. have studied the lithium insertion/deinsertion properties since the 1980s (Thackeray et al. 1983, 1984). Different from the layered … | Spinel LiMn2O4 is another classic cathode material for LIBs, of which Thackeray et al. have studied the lithium insertion/deinsertion properties since the 1980s (Thackeray et al. 1983, 1984). Different from the layered … | |||
| 7 | 64 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p7:body_region:1 | p7:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | True | [437.38, 34.25, 62.91, 7.44] | Page 7 of 40 160 | Page 7 of 40 160 | ||
| 7 | 65 | text | body | True | body | body | p7:body_region:1 | p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 56.91, 215.54, 282.64] | concentration of Li ions in the spinel body (Li/Mn = 1:2) results in only half of the theoretical specific capacity (146 mAh g -1 ) of layered LiMO2, attributing to the lowcost, stable, and kinetic Mn-based 3D spinel fr… | concentration of Li ions in the spinel body (Li/Mn = 1:2) results in only half of the theoretical specific capacity (146 mAh g -1 ) of layered LiMO2, attributing to the lowcost, stable, and kinetic Mn-based 3D spinel fr… | |||
| 7 | 66 | text | body | True | body | body | p7:body_region:1 | p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 343.31, 215.55, 320.13] | Apart from the relatively low energy density, the other most claimed issue is the limited cycle life of LiMn2O4 due to Mn ions ' dissolution, especially under elevated temperatures (Jang et al. 1996; Xia et al. 1997). P… | Apart from the relatively low energy density, the other most claimed issue is the limited cycle life of LiMn2O4 due to Mn ions ' dissolution, especially under elevated temperatures (Jang et al. 1996; Xia et al. 1997). P… | |||
| 8 | 67 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p8:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 12.51, 7.44] | 160 | 160 | |||
| 8 | 68 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p8:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [67.64, 34.25, 42.14, 7.35] | Page 8 of 40 | Page 8 of 40 | |||
| 8 | 69 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p8:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [398.16, 34.25, 102.12, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 8 | 70 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.76, 351.44, 453.57, 18.81] | Fig. 5 a Crystal structure of spinel LiMn2O4. Reproduced from ref. (Chen et al. 2016) with permission. b -e Schematic diagram of the composites and the corresponding electrochemical performance. Reproduced from ref. (Le… | Fig. 5 a Crystal structure of spinel LiMn2O4. Reproduced from ref. (Chen et al. 2016) with permission. b -e Schematic diagram of the composites and the corresponding electrochemical performance. Reproduced from ref. (Le… | |||
| 8 | 71 | text | body | True | body | body | p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 393.15, 215.51, 33.59] | packed composites composed of carbon coated nanosized Li1.015Al0.06Mn1.925O4, maintained 84.5% of the initial capacity over 5000 cycles (Lee et al. 2017). | packed composites composed of carbon coated nanosized Li1.015Al0.06Mn1.925O4, maintained 84.5% of the initial capacity over 5000 cycles (Lee et al. 2017). | ||||
| 8 | 72 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.76, 442.98, 60.78, 9.61] | LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 | LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 | |||
| 8 | 73 | text | body | True | body | body | p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 467.87, 215.55, 195.45] | Substitution of Mn in LiMn2O4 by low-valance metal ions (Co 3+ (Kawai et al. 1998), Cr 3+ (Sigala et al. 1995), Ni 2+ (Zhong et al. 1997), Fe 3+ (Amine et al. 1997), Cu 2+ (Ein-Eli et al. 1998), etc.) was initially desi… | Substitution of Mn in LiMn2O4 by low-valance metal ions (Co 3+ (Kawai et al. 1998), Cr 3+ (Sigala et al. 1995), Ni 2+ (Zhong et al. 1997), Fe 3+ (Amine et al. 1997), Cu 2+ (Ein-Eli et al. 1998), etc.) was initially desi… | ||||
| 8 | 74 | text | body | True | body | body | p8:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.87, 393.15, 215.53, 220.33] | 12d sites to accommodate Ni and Mn ions, known as an ordered phase (Kim et al. 2004; Liu et al. 2012a). It is accepted that oxygen stoichiometry plays a leading role to determine the phase. In an oxygen-stoichiometric L… | 12d sites to accommodate Ni and Mn ions, known as an ordered phase (Kim et al. 2004; Liu et al. 2012a). It is accepted that oxygen stoichiometry plays a leading role to determine the phase. In an oxygen-stoichiometric L… | ||||
| 8 | 75 | text | body | True | body | body | p8:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 617.31, 215.53, 46.01] | Previously, with the aid of high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) imaging and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental scanning, we observed minor P4332 phase on the edge | Previously, with the aid of high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) imaging and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental scanning, we observed minor P4332 phase on the edge | ||||
| 9 | 76 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p9:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 102.17, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 9 | 77 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.76, 56.9, 215.55, 195.45] | of Fd-3m body coupled with the different Mn/Ni ratio in the naturally cooled sample (Fig. 6c). As shown in Fig. 6d, both the samples delivered favorable rate and cycling performances. The role of the crystal phase may b… | of Fd-3m body coupled with the different Mn/Ni ratio in the naturally cooled sample (Fig. 6c). As shown in Fig. 6d, both the samples delivered favorable rate and cycling performances. The role of the crystal phase may b… | ||||
| 9 | 78 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 256.18, 215.55, 407.14] | Perhaps the biggest barrier preventing LNMO from the practical application is the lack of long-cycling reliability. LNMO was initially introduced to prolong the cyclability of primary LiMn2O4 spinel. However, the exploi… | Perhaps the biggest barrier preventing LNMO from the practical application is the lack of long-cycling reliability. LNMO was initially introduced to prolong the cyclability of primary LiMn2O4 spinel. However, the exploi… | ||||
| 9 | 79 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p9:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | True | [437.38, 34.25, 62.91, 7.44] | Page 9 of 40 160 | Page 9 of 40 160 | |||
| 9 | 80 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.87, 56.9, 215.53, 295.05] | coating is to reduce the side reactions by creating artificial electrode/electrolyte interfaces. A wide variety of doping elementals (e.g., Na + , Mg 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Al 3+ , Cr 3+ , Co 3+ , Ti 4+ , F -) and coating… | coating is to reduce the side reactions by creating artificial electrode/electrolyte interfaces. A wide variety of doping elementals (e.g., Na + , Mg 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Al 3+ , Cr 3+ , Co 3+ , Ti 4+ , F -) and coating… | ||||
| 9 | 81 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p9:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.87, 380.67, 200.92, 21.22] | Fe- and Mn-based polyanion compounds as LIB cathodes | Fe- and Mn-based polyanion compounds as LIB cathodes | |||
| 9 | 82 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.87, 418.02, 215.53, 158.1] | Represented by LiFePO4, polyanion cathode materials are typically 3D structured compounds constructed by corner- and/or edge-shared M-O and X-O (X = P, S, As, Mo, or W) polyhedrons. These frameworks afford much better s… | Represented by LiFePO4, polyanion cathode materials are typically 3D structured compounds constructed by corner- and/or edge-shared M-O and X-O (X = P, S, As, Mo, or W) polyhedrons. These frameworks afford much better s… | ||||
| 9 | 83 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p9:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 592.42, 116.98, 8.65] | Fe- and Mn-based phosphates | Fe- and Mn-based phosphates | |||
| 9 | 84 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 617.31, 215.47, 46.01] | Olivine LiFePO4 (LFP) is the most successful polyanion cathode material, attributing to its lowcost and non-toxic constitution, appreciable capacity ( ca . 170 mAh g -1 ) and excellent thermal and | Olivine LiFePO4 (LFP) is the most successful polyanion cathode material, attributing to its lowcost and non-toxic constitution, appreciable capacity ( ca . 170 mAh g -1 ) and excellent thermal and | ||||
| 10 | 85 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p10:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 12.51, 7.44] | 160 | 160 | |||
| 10 | 86 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p10:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [67.64, 34.25, 46.28, 7.35] | Page 10 of 40 | Page 10 of 40 | |||
| 10 | 87 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p10:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 380.87, 215.56, 37.31] | Fig. 6 a Comparison of the two structural configurations in LNMO. Reproduced from ref. (Liu et al. 2012a) with permission. b Typical charge/discharge curves of LNMO with the two phases. Reproduced from ref. (Wang et al.… | Fig. 6 a Comparison of the two structural configurations in LNMO. Reproduced from ref. (Liu et al. 2012a) with permission. b Typical charge/discharge curves of LNMO with the two phases. Reproduced from ref. (Wang et al.… | |||
| 10 | 88 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.76, 442.98, 215.48, 220.33] | structural stability. The key drawbacks of LiFePO4 are inferior electric conductivity ( ca . 10 -9 S cm -1 ), the selective one-dimensional (1D) lithium pathway (Fig. 7a), and low gravimetric and volumetric energy densi… | structural stability. The key drawbacks of LiFePO4 are inferior electric conductivity ( ca . 10 -9 S cm -1 ), the selective one-dimensional (1D) lithium pathway (Fig. 7a), and low gravimetric and volumetric energy densi… | ||||
| 10 | 89 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p10:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [398.16, 34.25, 102.12, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 10 | 90 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p10:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.9, 380.87, 215.49, 37.23] | Structural characteristics and electrochemical properties on the basis of our prepared samples. e , f Outstanding capacity retention achieved by using lithium phosphorus oxynitride solid electrolyte. Reproduced from ref… | Structural characteristics and electrochemical properties on the basis of our prepared samples. e , f Outstanding capacity retention achieved by using lithium phosphorus oxynitride solid electrolyte. Reproduced from ref… | |||
| 10 | 91 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 442.98, 215.47, 220.34] | new feasible strategies. For example, Paolella et al. reported the use of LiPF6 treatment to make LFP nanocrystals hydrophilic, thereby enabling carbon coating uniformly (Paolella et al. 2014). Compared with surface mod… | new feasible strategies. For example, Paolella et al. reported the use of LiPF6 treatment to make LFP nanocrystals hydrophilic, thereby enabling carbon coating uniformly (Paolella et al. 2014). Compared with surface mod… | ||||
| 11 | 92 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p11:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 102.17, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 11 | 93 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p11:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | True | [433.53, 34.25, 66.76, 7.44] | Page 11 of 40 160 | Page 11 of 40 160 | |||
| 11 | 94 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p11:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 54.43, 110.66, 316.15] | Fig. 7 a Crystal structure of spinel LiMn2O4. Reproduced from ref. (Chen et al. 2016) with permission. b High-rate discharge capability of LiFe 0.9P0.95O4δ . Reproduced from ref. (Kang and Ceder 2009) with permission. c… | Fig. 7 a Crystal structure of spinel LiMn2O4. Reproduced from ref. (Chen et al. 2016) with permission. b High-rate discharge capability of LiFe 0.9P0.95O4δ . Reproduced from ref. (Kang and Ceder 2009) with permission. c… | |||
| 12 | 95 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p12:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 12.51, 7.44] | 160 | 160 | |||
| 12 | 96 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p12:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [67.64, 34.25, 46.28, 7.35] | Page 12 of 40 | Page 12 of 40 | |||
| 12 | 97 | text | body | True | body | body | p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 56.9, 215.51, 58.48] | 480 °C by developing ultra-small core-shell nanocomposites (Naoi et al. 2016). The charge/discharge curves are dominated by the sloping pseudocapacitive behavior (Fig. 7c), and the rate capability is generated at the la… | 480 °C by developing ultra-small core-shell nanocomposites (Naoi et al. 2016). The charge/discharge curves are dominated by the sloping pseudocapacitive behavior (Fig. 7c), and the rate capability is generated at the la… | ||||
| 12 | 98 | text | body | True | body | body | p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 119.21, 215.54, 481.86] | The gravimetric and volumetric energy densities are restricted from the essential redox reaction and atom density in the crystal structure. Even though the inductive effect from the PO4 3 -elevates the Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ redo… | The gravimetric and volumetric energy densities are restricted from the essential redox reaction and atom density in the crystal structure. Even though the inductive effect from the PO4 3 -elevates the Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ redo… | ||||
| 12 | 99 | text | body | True | body | body | p12:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 604.84, 215.51, 58.48] | Another effective approach to boost the kinetics of LMP is Fe-substitution. The as-formed LiFe1-xMnxPO4 solid solutions (LFMP) combines the dynamics of LFP and high energy density of LMP, and they are considered as the … | Another effective approach to boost the kinetics of LMP is Fe-substitution. The as-formed LiFe1-xMnxPO4 solid solutions (LFMP) combines the dynamics of LFP and high energy density of LMP, and they are considered as the … | ||||
| 12 | 100 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p12:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [398.16, 34.25, 102.12, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 12 | 101 | text | body | True | body | body | p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 56.9, 215.54, 432.09] | which have received much attention from investigators (Kim et al. 2016b; Li et al. 2013; Martha et al. 2009a; Wang et al. 2011a; Yan et al. 2015; Yang et al. 2015c). Yamada et al. (Yamada et al. 2001) and Ravnsbæk et al… | which have received much attention from investigators (Kim et al. 2016b; Li et al. 2013; Martha et al. 2009a; Wang et al. 2011a; Yan et al. 2015; Yang et al. 2015c). Yamada et al. (Yamada et al. 2001) and Ravnsbæk et al… | ||||
| 12 | 102 | text | body | True | body | body | p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 492.75, 215.5, 95.84] | Apart from the olivine-type structure, the lithium metal phosphates can also exist as NASICON, antiNASICON, alluaudite, pyrophosphate, tavorite, and even amorphous phases with varied composition (Masquelier and Croguenn… | Apart from the olivine-type structure, the lithium metal phosphates can also exist as NASICON, antiNASICON, alluaudite, pyrophosphate, tavorite, and even amorphous phases with varied composition (Masquelier and Croguenn… | ||||
| 12 | 103 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 604.83, 104.52, 8.65] | Fe- and Mn-based silicates | Fe- and Mn-based silicates | |||
| 12 | 104 | text | body | True | body | body | p12:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 629.78, 215.45, 33.53] | Encouraged by the success of phosphate, other polyanion compounds are successively explored to function as cathode materials for LIBs. Particularly, lithium | Encouraged by the success of phosphate, other polyanion compounds are successively explored to function as cathode materials for LIBs. Particularly, lithium | ||||
| 13 | 105 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p13:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 102.17, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 13 | 106 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.76, 56.9, 215.47, 183.04] | silicates Li 2 MSiO4 are very attractive as they potentially afford a two-electron reaction with a theoretical capacity of 332 mAh g -1 . The structures are composed of tetragonally packed oxygen ions (a distorted form … | silicates Li 2 MSiO4 are very attractive as they potentially afford a two-electron reaction with a theoretical capacity of 332 mAh g -1 . The structures are composed of tetragonally packed oxygen ions (a distorted form … | ||||
| 13 | 107 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 243.7, 215.52, 344.89] | The slow Li reaction kinetics are due to the frustrated ion migration in the complex lattices as well as the separated M redox centers, resulting in extremely low electronic conductivity ( ∼ 5 × 10 -16 S cm -1 for Li2Mn… | The slow Li reaction kinetics are due to the frustrated ion migration in the complex lattices as well as the separated M redox centers, resulting in extremely low electronic conductivity ( ∼ 5 × 10 -16 S cm -1 for Li2Mn… | ||||
| 13 | 108 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p13:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.78, 604.84, 101.63, 8.65] | Fe- and Mn-based borates | Fe- and Mn-based borates | |||
| 13 | 109 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.78, 627.98, 215.51, 35.34] | Lithium metal borates entered into researchers ' sight in 2001, because the polyanion group BO3 3 -is the lightest one, ensuring a high theoretical capacity of ~ | Lithium metal borates entered into researchers ' sight in 2001, because the polyanion group BO3 3 -is the lightest one, ensuring a high theoretical capacity of ~ | ||||
| 13 | 110 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p13:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | True | [433.24, 34.25, 67.04, 7.44] | Page 13 of 40 160 | Page 13 of 40 160 | |||
| 13 | 111 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.87, 52.3, 215.53, 361.97] | 220 mAh g -1 (Legagneur et al. 2001). However, the early practice only realized the reversible capacity of ~ 8 mAh g -1 at C/250, suggesting deficient electrochemical activity. Until 2010, Yamada et al. obtained an attr… | 220 mAh g -1 (Legagneur et al. 2001). However, the early practice only realized the reversible capacity of ~ 8 mAh g -1 at C/250, suggesting deficient electrochemical activity. Until 2010, Yamada et al. obtained an attr… | ||||
| 13 | 112 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p13:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.86, 442.98, 173.06, 8.75] | Fe- and Mn-based oxides as SIB cathodes | Fe- and Mn-based oxides as SIB cathodes | |||
| 13 | 113 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.86, 467.87, 215.53, 195.45] | Sodium metal oxides have been intensively studied as SIB cathodes, which mimic the lithium metal oxides, but the considerably different physico-chemical properties (e.g., ionic size, electron configuration) renders some… | Sodium metal oxides have been intensively studied as SIB cathodes, which mimic the lithium metal oxides, but the considerably different physico-chemical properties (e.g., ionic size, electron configuration) renders some… | ||||
| 14 | 114 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p14:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 67.14, 7.44] | 160 Page 14 of 40 | 160 Page 14 of 40 | |||
| 14 | 115 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p14:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 309.11, 215.54, 37.58] | Fig. 8 a , b Crystal structures of P 21/ n Li2FeSiO4 ( a ), which transforms into Pmn 21 Li2FeSiO4 ( b ). c Typical charge/discharge curves of Li2FeSiO4. Reproduced from ref. (Armstrong et al. 2011) with permission. d S… | Fig. 8 a , b Crystal structures of P 21/ n Li2FeSiO4 ( a ), which transforms into Pmn 21 Li2FeSiO4 ( b ). c Typical charge/discharge curves of Li2FeSiO4. Reproduced from ref. (Armstrong et al. 2011) with permission. d S… | |||
| 14 | 116 | text | body | True | body | body | p14:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.76, 368.26, 215.52, 108.25] | the Na ion octahedral or prismatic layers contained in each unit cell, and a prime symbol ( ′ ) is added to indicate a monoclinic distortion. In the synthesis of layered oxides, the resultant structure is decided by man… | the Na ion octahedral or prismatic layers contained in each unit cell, and a prime symbol ( ′ ) is added to indicate a monoclinic distortion. In the synthesis of layered oxides, the resultant structure is decided by man… | ||||
| 14 | 117 | text | body | True | body | body | p14:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.76, 480.34, 215.5, 95.78] | Though sodium ions are low-cost charge carriers, many layered oxides still rely on redox centers that are scarce and/or may be toxic transition metal elements such as cobalt (Berthelot et al. 2010), nickel (Han et al. 2… | Though sodium ions are low-cost charge carriers, many layered oxides still rely on redox centers that are scarce and/or may be toxic transition metal elements such as cobalt (Berthelot et al. 2010), nickel (Han et al. 2… | ||||
| 14 | 118 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p14:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.76, 592.42, 31.87, 9.61] | NaFeO2 | NaFeO2 | |||
| 14 | 119 | text | body | True | body | body | p14:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 617.31, 215.43, 46.01] | NaFeO2 has been reported to have two polymorphs: hexagonal α -NaFeO2 and orthorhombic β -NaFeO2 (Kikkawa et al. 1985). The former one is the prototype of layered oxides, opening the era of LIB | NaFeO2 has been reported to have two polymorphs: hexagonal α -NaFeO2 and orthorhombic β -NaFeO2 (Kikkawa et al. 1985). The former one is the prototype of layered oxides, opening the era of LIB | ||||
| 14 | 120 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p14:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [398.16, 34.25, 102.12, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 14 | 121 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p14:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 309.38, 215.56, 37.23] | LiFeBO3 during delithiation and degradation. Reproduced from ref. (Bo et al. 2014) with permission. e Charge/discharge profiles of mesoporous LiFeBO3/C hollow spheres. Reproduced from ref. (Chen et al. 2015) with permis… | LiFeBO3 during delithiation and degradation. Reproduced from ref. (Bo et al. 2014) with permission. e Charge/discharge profiles of mesoporous LiFeBO3/C hollow spheres. Reproduced from ref. (Chen et al. 2015) with permis… | |||
| 14 | 122 | text | body | True | body | body | p14:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 368.26, 215.46, 296.02] | chemistry. An early study only realized removal of 0.1 Na using chemical oxidizer (Kikkawa et al. 1985). By coupling with Li foil into a battery, Takeda et al. reported the electrochemical desodiation of α -NaFeO2 into … | chemistry. An early study only realized removal of 0.1 Na using chemical oxidizer (Kikkawa et al. 1985). By coupling with Li foil into a battery, Takeda et al. reported the electrochemical desodiation of α -NaFeO2 into … | ||||
| 15 | 123 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p15:body_region:0 | p15:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 102.17, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | ||
| 15 | 124 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p15:body_region:0 | p15:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 54.43, 110.64, 96.98] | Fig. 9 a Structural comparison of P2-type and O3-type NaxMO2. Reproduced from ref. (Yabuuchi et al. 2012a) with permission. b Synthesis phase diagram of NaxCoO2 as a function of the Na/ Co ratio from precursors and heat… | Fig. 9 a Structural comparison of P2-type and O3-type NaxMO2. Reproduced from ref. (Yabuuchi et al. 2012a) with permission. b Synthesis phase diagram of NaxCoO2 as a function of the Na/ Co ratio from precursors and heat… | ||
| 15 | 125 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 380.67, 215.47, 108.31] | was also found to show an additional advantage of good thermal stability. As reported by Zhao et al. (Zhao et al. 2013), the highly charged Na0.58FeO2 powder decomposed thermally at a temperature higher than 300 °C, and… | was also found to show an additional advantage of good thermal stability. As reported by Zhao et al. (Zhao et al. 2013), the highly charged Na0.58FeO2 powder decomposed thermally at a temperature higher than 300 °C, and… | |||
| 15 | 126 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 505.23, 39.4, 9.61] | NaxMnO2 | NaxMnO2 | |||
| 15 | 127 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 530.12, 215.54, 133.2] | NaxMnO2 has a variety of polymorphs, which can be divided into two large groups: 2D layered structures consisting of slabs of edge-sharing MO6 octahedra at high x (e.g., Na2/3MnO2, NaMnO2) and 3D tunnel-like structures … | NaxMnO2 has a variety of polymorphs, which can be divided into two large groups: 2D layered structures consisting of slabs of edge-sharing MO6 octahedra at high x (e.g., Na2/3MnO2, NaMnO2) and 3D tunnel-like structures … | |||
| 15 | 128 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p15:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | True | [433.24, 34.25, 67.04, 7.44] | Page 15 of 40 160 | Page 15 of 40 160 | |||
| 15 | 129 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 378.46, 215.52, 110.53] | reported by Ceder et al. (Ma et al. 2011), α -NaMnO2 delivered a reversible capacity of 185 mAh g -1 at 0.1 °C within in the potential window of 2.0 -3.8 V, but only maintained 132 mAh g -1 after 20 cycles. In compariso… | reported by Ceder et al. (Ma et al. 2011), α -NaMnO2 delivered a reversible capacity of 185 mAh g -1 at 0.1 °C within in the potential window of 2.0 -3.8 V, but only maintained 132 mAh g -1 after 20 cycles. In compariso… | ||||
| 15 | 130 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 492.76, 215.49, 170.56] | With the Na/Mn ratio of around 2/3, the distortion of the ideal P2 structure is dependent on the synthesis conditions. Lowering the sintering temperature below 600 °C with a more oxidizing atmosphere stabilizes a higher… | With the Na/Mn ratio of around 2/3, the distortion of the ideal P2 structure is dependent on the synthesis conditions. Lowering the sintering temperature below 600 °C with a more oxidizing atmosphere stabilizes a higher… | ||||
| 16 | 131 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p16:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 12.51, 7.44] | 160 | 160 | |||
| 16 | 132 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p16:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [67.64, 34.25, 46.28, 7.35] | Page 16 of 40 | Page 16 of 40 | |||
| 16 | 133 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p16:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [398.16, 34.25, 102.12, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 16 | 134 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p16:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 202.0, 215.43, 27.39] | Fig. 10 a Initial charge/discharge curves of NaFeO2 on the dependence of different cut-off potentials. Reprinted from ref. (Okada et al. 2006) with permission. b Voltage profiles along | Fig. 10 a Initial charge/discharge curves of NaFeO2 on the dependence of different cut-off potentials. Reprinted from ref. (Okada et al. 2006) with permission. b Voltage profiles along | |||
| 16 | 135 | text | body | True | body | body | caption_continuation_used_by_asset Fig. 10 | p16:page_body:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 200.13, 215.46, 29.18] | cycling. c A diagram illustrating the electrochemical active Fe 3+ / Fe 4+ redox couple. Reproduced from ref. (Lee et al. 2015) with permission | cycling. c A diagram illustrating the electrochemical active Fe 3+ / Fe 4+ redox couple. Reproduced from ref. (Lee et al. 2015) with permission | |||
| 16 | 136 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p16:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 279.28, 110.59, 156.79] | Fig. 11 a Stability domain of the different structural types observed for as-synthesized NaxMnO2 compounds. Reproduced from ref. (Clément et al. 2015) with permission. b Schematic representations of β -NaMnO2 and an int… | Fig. 11 a Stability domain of the different structural types observed for as-synthesized NaxMnO2 compounds. Reproduced from ref. (Clément et al. 2015) with permission. b Schematic representations of β -NaMnO2 and an int… | |||
| 17 | 137 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p17:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 102.17, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 17 | 138 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p17:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | True | [433.24, 34.25, 67.04, 7.44] | Page 17 of 40 160 | Page 17 of 40 160 | |||
| 17 | 139 | text | body | True | body | body | p17:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.74, 56.9, 215.56, 419.61] | a sol-gel method, Caballero et al. reported the synthesis of an undistorted P2-Na0.6MnO2 phase at a high temperature of 800 °C. They further tested the material in SIBs, which delivered ca. 140 mAh g -1 , but only withs… | a sol-gel method, Caballero et al. reported the synthesis of an undistorted P2-Na0.6MnO2 phase at a high temperature of 800 °C. They further tested the material in SIBs, which delivered ca. 140 mAh g -1 , but only withs… | ||||
| 17 | 140 | text | body | True | body | body | p17:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 480.34, 215.54, 182.98] | Tunnel Na0.44MnO2 with an orthorhombic structure is another widely studied cathode material for SIBs. As shown in Fig. 13a (He et al. 2016), an open 3D framework is constructed by sheets of edge-sharing MnO6 and columns… | Tunnel Na0.44MnO2 with an orthorhombic structure is another widely studied cathode material for SIBs. As shown in Fig. 13a (He et al. 2016), an open 3D framework is constructed by sheets of edge-sharing MnO6 and columns… | ||||
| 17 | 141 | caption | caption | False | low | docling_caption | docling_caption | p17:page_body:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 601.25, 215.47, 37.5] | Fig. 12 a , b Charge-discharge curves of o -NMO ( a ) and h -NMO ( b ). c , d Operando XRD patterns of o -NMO ( c ) and h -NMO ( d ) over initial charge/discharge curves. Reproduced from ref. (Kumakura et al. 2016) with… | Fig. 12 a , b Charge-discharge curves of o -NMO ( a ) and h -NMO ( b ). c , d Operando XRD patterns of o -NMO ( c ) and h -NMO ( d ) over initial charge/discharge curves. Reproduced from ref. (Kumakura et al. 2016) with… | |||
| 18 | 142 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p18:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 12.51, 7.44] | 160 | 160 | |||
| 18 | 143 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p18:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [67.64, 34.25, 46.28, 7.35] | Page 18 of 40 | Page 18 of 40 | |||
| 18 | 144 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p18:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 54.43, 110.65, 126.91] | Fig. 13 a Schematic representation of the tunnel Na0.44MnO2. b Voltage profiles of the monocrystal Na0.44MnO2 nanoplates. c Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of the Na0.44MnO2 electrode between 2.0 and 4.0 Vat a scanning rate … | Fig. 13 a Schematic representation of the tunnel Na0.44MnO2. b Voltage profiles of the monocrystal Na0.44MnO2 nanoplates. c Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of the Na0.44MnO2 electrode between 2.0 and 4.0 Vat a scanning rate … | |||
| 18 | 145 | text | body | True | body | body | p18:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 302.49, 215.52, 295.06] | (Sauvage et al. 2007). The optimization of preparation method and morphology control contribute to much improved electrochemical performance. For example, single crystalline Na0.44MnO2 nanowires prepared by Cao et al. d… | (Sauvage et al. 2007). The optimization of preparation method and morphology control contribute to much improved electrochemical performance. For example, single crystalline Na0.44MnO2 nanowires prepared by Cao et al. d… | ||||
| 18 | 146 | text | body | True | body | body | p18:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 642.2, 215.43, 21.12] | Considering the distinct features of the two single metal oxides, it is promising to develop Fe and Mn-mixed | Considering the distinct features of the two single metal oxides, it is promising to develop Fe and Mn-mixed | ||||
| 18 | 147 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p18:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [398.16, 34.25, 102.12, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 18 | 148 | text | body | True | body | body | p18:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 302.49, 215.51, 357.31] | Nax(FeyMn1-y)O2 which is expected to combine the high potential of NaFeO2 and high capacity of NaMnO2 to target high-energy and cost-effective electrodes. Komaba ' s group made a critical step by reporting the unprecede… | Nax(FeyMn1-y)O2 which is expected to combine the high potential of NaFeO2 and high capacity of NaMnO2 to target high-energy and cost-effective electrodes. Komaba ' s group made a critical step by reporting the unprecede… | ||||
| 19 | 149 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p19:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 102.17, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 19 | 150 | text | body | True | body | body | p19:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 56.9, 215.51, 170.56] | same formula of Na2/3Fe2/3Mn1/3O2. As a result, the O3 structure demonstrated similar electrochemical performance (Gonzalo et al. 2014) or even slightly higher reversible capacity (Han et al. 2015) compared with its P2 … | same formula of Na2/3Fe2/3Mn1/3O2. As a result, the O3 structure demonstrated similar electrochemical performance (Gonzalo et al. 2014) or even slightly higher reversible capacity (Han et al. 2015) compared with its P2 … | ||||
| 19 | 151 | text | body | True | body | body | p19:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 231.29, 215.5, 182.98] | As the Fe- and Mn-based oxides suffer from the significant capacity drop as well as unsatisfactory rate capability, continuous efforts have been made to mitigate the issues. Low-valance metal substitution is still deeme… | As the Fe- and Mn-based oxides suffer from the significant capacity drop as well as unsatisfactory rate capability, continuous efforts have been made to mitigate the issues. Low-valance metal substitution is still deeme… | ||||
| 19 | 152 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p19:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.78, 446.44, 199.79, 21.16] | Fe- and Mn-based polyanion compounds as SIB cathodes | Fe- and Mn-based polyanion compounds as SIB cathodes | |||
| 19 | 153 | text | body | True | body | body | p19:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.78, 483.8, 215.46, 46.01] | As discussed above, polyanion compounds feature robust crystal framework with the oxygen atoms covalently bonded by counterions (S, P, Si, etc.), affording favorable structural stability toward lithium | As discussed above, polyanion compounds feature robust crystal framework with the oxygen atoms covalently bonded by counterions (S, P, Si, etc.), affording favorable structural stability toward lithium | ||||
| 19 | 154 | caption | caption | False | low | docling_caption | docling_caption | p19:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 543.58, 110.57, 96.98] | Fig. 14 Phase evolution in Na0.67Mn0.5Fe0.5O2 and Nisubstituted Na0.67Mn0.65Ni0.15Fe0.2O2 over the first cycle, and schematic illustration of Mn/Fe migration into tetrahedral sites in the Na space at high potential. Rep… | Fig. 14 Phase evolution in Na0.67Mn0.5Fe0.5O2 and Nisubstituted Na0.67Mn0.65Ni0.15Fe0.2O2 over the first cycle, and schematic illustration of Mn/Fe migration into tetrahedral sites in the Na space at high potential. Rep… | |||
| 19 | 155 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p19:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | True | [433.24, 34.25, 67.04, 7.44] | Page 19 of 40 160 | Page 19 of 40 160 | |||
| 19 | 156 | text | body | True | body | body | p19:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 56.9, 215.49, 70.95] | (de)insertion. Such merit is more demanded in SIB chemistry, as the movement of the larger Na ions puts forward higher requirement for structural stability. Given the poor cycling stability haunting most of the layered … | (de)insertion. Such merit is more demanded in SIB chemistry, as the movement of the larger Na ions puts forward higher requirement for structural stability. Given the poor cycling stability haunting most of the layered … | ||||
| 19 | 157 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p19:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 147.55, 114.29, 8.65] | Fe-and Mn-based phosphates | Fe-and Mn-based phosphates | |||
| 19 | 158 | text | body | True | body | body | p19:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.87, 172.44, 215.5, 357.6] | Olivine LFP is the most successful polyanion cathode for LIBs. Unfortunately, its sodium counterpart NaFePO4 (NFP) simply cannot duplicate its success, as the thermodynamically stable phase of NFP is a maricite structur… | Olivine LFP is the most successful polyanion cathode for LIBs. Unfortunately, its sodium counterpart NaFePO4 (NFP) simply cannot duplicate its success, as the thermodynamically stable phase of NFP is a maricite structur… | ||||
| 20 | 159 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p20:body_region:0 | p20:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 12.51, 7.44] | 160 | 160 | ||
| 20 | 160 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p20:body_region:0 | p20:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [67.64, 34.25, 46.28, 7.35] | Page 20 of 40 | Page 20 of 40 | ||
| 20 | 161 | text | body | True | body | body | p20:body_region:0 | p20:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 56.9, 215.54, 195.45] | which is electrochemically active for (de)lithiation, is reinvestigated as a cathode material for SIBs (Fang et al. 2014; Liu et al. 2015b; Liu et al. 2012b). With the nanosized particle and high content of conductive c… | which is electrochemically active for (de)lithiation, is reinvestigated as a cathode material for SIBs (Fang et al. 2014; Liu et al. 2015b; Liu et al. 2012b). With the nanosized particle and high content of conductive c… | |||
| 20 | 162 | text | body | True | body | body | p20:body_region:0 | p20:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 256.18, 215.54, 232.81] | Also, Fe-based phosphates crystalized in other structures have also been investigated as SIB cathodes. Trad et al. reported the electrochemical performance of a B layered ^ Na3Fe3(PO4)4, where only ~ 80 mAh g -1 was dis… | Also, Fe-based phosphates crystalized in other structures have also been investigated as SIB cathodes. Trad et al. reported the electrochemical performance of a B layered ^ Na3Fe3(PO4)4, where only ~ 80 mAh g -1 was dis… | |||
| 20 | 163 | text | body | True | body | body | p20:body_region:0 | p20:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 492.75, 215.53, 170.57] | Like NFP, NaMnPO4 (NMP) also crystalized favorably in the maricite phase. However, the olivine phase of NMP is still more stable than olivine NFP. Lee et al. (Lee et al. 2011) and Boyadzhieva et al. (Boyadzhieva et al. … | Like NFP, NaMnPO4 (NMP) also crystalized favorably in the maricite phase. However, the olivine phase of NMP is still more stable than olivine NFP. Lee et al. (Lee et al. 2011) and Boyadzhieva et al. (Boyadzhieva et al. … | |||
| 20 | 164 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p20:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [398.16, 34.25, 102.12, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 20 | 165 | text | body | True | body | body | p20:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 56.91, 215.53, 58.48] | obtained (Lee et al. 2011). Besides, Fe- and Mn-mixed alluaudite-type phosphates have been investigated as SIB cathodes (Huang et al. 2015a; Trad et al. 2010a), where the existence of Mn further lowers the limited speci… | obtained (Lee et al. 2011). Besides, Fe- and Mn-mixed alluaudite-type phosphates have been investigated as SIB cathodes (Huang et al. 2015a; Trad et al. 2010a), where the existence of Mn further lowers the limited speci… | ||||
| 20 | 166 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p20:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 131.62, 134.79, 8.65] | Fe- and Mn-based pyrophosphates | Fe- and Mn-based pyrophosphates | |||
| 20 | 167 | text | body | True | body | body | p20:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.87, 156.57, 215.53, 344.83] | Though pyrophosphates have been eclipsed by LFP in the LIB system due to the large gap of capacities, the pyrophosphates show intrinsically better kinetics when compared to other polyanion materials, including LFP (Furu… | Though pyrophosphates have been eclipsed by LFP in the LIB system due to the large gap of capacities, the pyrophosphates show intrinsically better kinetics when compared to other polyanion materials, including LFP (Furu… | ||||
| 20 | 168 | text | body | True | body | body | p20:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 505.23, 215.52, 158.09] | Along with the success of Na2FeP2O7, its Mn analog Na2MnP2O7 has also been investigated. Unlike most Mn-based cathode materials suffering from sluggish kinetics, Park et al. found the unexpected high activity of micron-… | Along with the success of Na2FeP2O7, its Mn analog Na2MnP2O7 has also been investigated. Unlike most Mn-based cathode materials suffering from sluggish kinetics, Park et al. found the unexpected high activity of micron-… | ||||
| 21 | 169 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p21:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 102.17, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 21 | 170 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p21:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | True | [433.24, 34.25, 67.04, 7.44] | Page 21 of 40 160 | Page 21 of 40 160 | |||
| 21 | 171 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p21:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 52.9, 110.62, 138.37] | Fig. 15 a -e Crystal structures of olivine NFP, maricite NFP, NASICON-type Na3Fe2(PO4)3, layered Na3Fe3(PO4)4, alluauditetype Na2Fe3(PO4)3. Reproduced from ref. (Naoaki and Shinichi 2014) with permission. Their typical … | Fig. 15 a -e Crystal structures of olivine NFP, maricite NFP, NASICON-type Na3Fe2(PO4)3, layered Na3Fe3(PO4)4, alluauditetype Na2Fe3(PO4)3. Reproduced from ref. (Naoaki and Shinichi 2014) with permission. Their typical … | |||
| 22 | 172 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p22:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 12.51, 7.44] | 160 | 160 | |||
| 22 | 173 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p22:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [67.64, 34.25, 46.28, 7.35] | Page 22 of 40 | Page 22 of 40 | |||
| 22 | 174 | text | body | True | body | body | p22:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 56.9, 215.51, 58.48] | and thermodynamically feasible (Barpanda et al. 2013b). Their further atomistic simulations disclosed low barriers for long-range Na + diffusion in all directions in Na2(Fe, Mn)P2O7, theoretically proving the 3D Na + pa… | and thermodynamically feasible (Barpanda et al. 2013b). Their further atomistic simulations disclosed low barriers for long-range Na + diffusion in all directions in Na2(Fe, Mn)P2O7, theoretically proving the 3D Na + pa… | ||||
| 22 | 175 | text | body | True | body | body | p22:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.76, 144.09, 154.12, 8.65] | Fe- and Mn-based sulfates and oxalates | Fe- and Mn-based sulfates and oxalates | ||||
| 22 | 176 | text | body | True | body | body | p22:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.76, 166.76, 215.55, 210.14] | The stronger inductive effect of the SO4 2group can elevate the redox potential when compared with common PO4 3 . In 2014, Barpanda et al. reported the use of a new Na2Fe2(SO4)3 with the alluaudite-type as a cathode mat… | The stronger inductive effect of the SO4 2group can elevate the redox potential when compared with common PO4 3 . In 2014, Barpanda et al. reported the use of a new Na2Fe2(SO4)3 with the alluaudite-type as a cathode mat… | ||||
| 22 | 177 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p22:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 624.25, 215.51, 38.76] | Fig. 16 a -c Triclinic structure ( P -1) of Na2FeP2O7 and corresponding electrochemical properties. Reproduced from ref. (Barpanda et al. 2012) with permission. d Voltage profiles of P -1 Na2MnP2O7. Reproduced from ref.… | Fig. 16 a -c Triclinic structure ( P -1) of Na2FeP2O7 and corresponding electrochemical properties. Reproduced from ref. (Barpanda et al. 2012) with permission. d Voltage profiles of P -1 Na2MnP2O7. Reproduced from ref.… | |||
| 22 | 178 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p22:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [398.16, 34.25, 102.12, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 22 | 179 | text | body | True | body | body | p22:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 56.9, 215.53, 133.21] | Apart from alluaudite-type sulfates, Kröhnkite-type Na2Fe(SO4)2·2H2O was also explored as a 3.25 V insertion compound for SIBs, showing a reversible capacity of around 70 mAh g -1 (Barpanda et al. 2014a). Besides, eldfe… | Apart from alluaudite-type sulfates, Kröhnkite-type Na2Fe(SO4)2·2H2O was also explored as a 3.25 V insertion compound for SIBs, showing a reversible capacity of around 70 mAh g -1 (Barpanda et al. 2014a). Besides, eldfe… | ||||
| 22 | 180 | text | body | True | body | body | p22:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 193.93, 215.54, 158.03] | Mn-based sulfates progressed much slower. Barpanda et al. continued to explore the sulfate-based cathode family by reporting the isostructural alluauditetype Na2+2 x Mn2 -x (SO4)3, but no electrochemical data was presen… | Mn-based sulfates progressed much slower. Barpanda et al. continued to explore the sulfate-based cathode family by reporting the isostructural alluauditetype Na2+2 x Mn2 -x (SO4)3, but no electrochemical data was presen… | ||||
| 22 | 181 | text | body | True | body | body | p22:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 353.56, 215.49, 23.34] | Oxalates have also been investigated as Na + host materials. According to the electronegativity order of | Oxalates have also been investigated as Na + host materials. According to the electronegativity order of | ||||
| 22 | 182 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p22:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 623.9, 215.53, 29.14] | permission. e , f Crystal structure of β -Na2MnP2O7 (triclinic P 1) and its voltage profiles. Reproduced from ref. (Barpanda et al. 2013b) with permission | permission. e , f Crystal structure of β -Na2MnP2O7 (triclinic P 1) and its voltage profiles. Reproduced from ref. (Barpanda et al. 2013b) with permission | |||
| 23 | 183 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p23:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 102.17, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 23 | 184 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p23:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | True | [433.24, 34.25, 67.04, 7.44] | Page 23 of 40 160 | Page 23 of 40 160 | |||
| 23 | 185 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p23:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 629.3, 215.52, 27.31] | Fig. 17 Crystal structures of alluaudite-type Na2Fe2(SO4)3 ( a ), eldfellite NaFe(SO4)2 ( b ), Na2Fe2(C2O4)3·2H2O ( c ), and Na2Fe(C2O4)F2 with their voltage profiles are shown on the right | Fig. 17 Crystal structures of alluaudite-type Na2Fe2(SO4)3 ( a ), eldfellite NaFe(SO4)2 ( b ), Na2Fe2(C2O4)3·2H2O ( c ), and Na2Fe(C2O4)F2 with their voltage profiles are shown on the right | |||
| 23 | 186 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p23:page_body:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 629.29, 215.45, 17.33] | side. Reproduced from ref. (Barpanda et al. 2014b), (Singh et al. 2015), (Yao et al. 2017b), and (Yao et al. 2017a) with permissions | side. Reproduced from ref. (Barpanda et al. 2014b), (Singh et al. 2015), (Yao et al. 2017b), and (Yao et al. 2017a) with permissions | |||
| 24 | 187 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p24:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 67.14, 7.44] | 160 Page 24 of 40 | 160 Page 24 of 40 | |||
| 24 | 188 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p24:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [398.16, 34.25, 102.12, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 24 | 189 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p24:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 52.9, 110.66, 178.23] | Fig. 18 a -d Crystal structures of Na2FePO4F ( a ), Na2MnPO4F ( b ), Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) ( c ), and Na3MnPO4CO3 ( d ). Reproduced from ref. (Naoaki and Shinichi 2014) with permission. Their representative voltage profile… | Fig. 18 a -d Crystal structures of Na2FePO4F ( a ), Na2MnPO4F ( b ), Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) ( c ), and Na3MnPO4CO3 ( d ). Reproduced from ref. (Naoaki and Shinichi 2014) with permission. Their representative voltage profile… | |||
| 25 | 190 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p25:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 102.17, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 25 | 191 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p25:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 387.39, 215.52, 37.23] | Fig. 19 a Crystal structure of PBAs with a face-centered cubic phase. b Charge and discharge curves of Na2MnMn(CN)6. c , d The schematic illustrations of the step-wise structural evolution over the extraction/insertion … | Fig. 19 a Crystal structure of PBAs with a face-centered cubic phase. b Charge and discharge curves of Na2MnMn(CN)6. c , d The schematic illustrations of the step-wise structural evolution over the extraction/insertion … | |||
| 25 | 192 | text | body | True | body | body | p25:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 439.44, 215.53, 223.76] | SO4 2 -> C2O4 2 -> PO4 3 -, metal oxalates can display competitive redox potentials. In 2014, Yamada ' s group prepared K4Na2[Fe(C2O4)2]3·2 H2O and studied its Na storage capability (Wang et al. 2015b). The material ini… | SO4 2 -> C2O4 2 -> PO4 3 -, metal oxalates can display competitive redox potentials. In 2014, Yamada ' s group prepared K4Na2[Fe(C2O4)2]3·2 H2O and studied its Na storage capability (Wang et al. 2015b). The material ini… | ||||
| 25 | 193 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p25:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | True | [433.24, 34.25, 67.04, 7.44] | Page 25 of 40 160 | Page 25 of 40 160 | |||
| 25 | 194 | caption | caption | False | low | docling_caption | docling_caption | p25:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 387.39, 215.51, 27.25] | (Lee et al. 2014) with permission. e , f Voltage profile and cycling performance of a Prussian blue@C composite. Reproduced from ref. (Jiang et al. 2016) with permission | (Lee et al. 2014) with permission. e , f Voltage profile and cycling performance of a Prussian blue@C composite. Reproduced from ref. (Jiang et al. 2016) with permission | |||
| 25 | 195 | text | body | True | body | body | p25:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 442.87, 215.38, 33.53] | critical issues should be addressed before their practical application, including the air (water, oxygen) sensitivity and thermal instability (decomposition) (Fig. 17). | critical issues should be addressed before their practical application, including the air (water, oxygen) sensitivity and thermal instability (decomposition) (Fig. 17). | ||||
| 25 | 196 | text | body | True | body | body | p25:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 492.76, 169.93, 21.12] | Fe- and Mn-based mixed anion compounds (fluorophosphates and mixed polyanions) | Fe- and Mn-based mixed anion compounds (fluorophosphates and mixed polyanions) | ||||
| 25 | 197 | text | body | True | body | body | p25:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 525.52, 215.5, 137.8] | The combination of different anion groups (F -, PO4 3 -, P2O7 4 -, CO3 2 -, etc.) offers new opportunities toward desirable electrode materials. The induction of highly electronegative F -ions enables higher redox poten… | The combination of different anion groups (F -, PO4 3 -, P2O7 4 -, CO3 2 -, etc.) offers new opportunities toward desirable electrode materials. The induction of highly electronegative F -ions enables higher redox poten… | ||||
| 26 | 198 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p26:body_region:0 | p26:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 12.51, 7.44] | 160 | 160 | ||
| 26 | 199 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p26:body_region:0 | p26:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [67.64, 34.25, 46.28, 7.35] | Page 26 of 40 | Page 26 of 40 | ||
| 26 | 200 | text | body | True | body | body | p26:body_region:0 | p26:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 56.9, 215.54, 158.09] | Na ions can transport between the layers. The structure also favors a small volume change (3.7%) after extraction of one Na + ion, corresponding to a theoretical capacity of around 124 mAh g -1 as a cathode for SIBs. Th… | Na ions can transport between the layers. The structure also favors a small volume change (3.7%) after extraction of one Na + ion, corresponding to a theoretical capacity of around 124 mAh g -1 as a cathode for SIBs. Th… | |||
| 26 | 201 | text | body | True | body | body | p26:body_region:0 | p26:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.76, 218.81, 215.52, 282.59] | Different from the 2D-layered Na2FePO4F, Na2MnPO4F adopts a 3D tunnel structure (space group: P 21/ n ) (Fig. 19b) (Yakubovich et al. 1997). By investigating the Mn-substituted Na2Fe1 -x Mn x PO4F, the presence of 0.25 … | Different from the 2D-layered Na2FePO4F, Na2MnPO4F adopts a 3D tunnel structure (space group: P 21/ n ) (Fig. 19b) (Yakubovich et al. 1997). By investigating the Mn-substituted Na2Fe1 -x Mn x PO4F, the presence of 0.25 … | |||
| 26 | 202 | text | body | True | body | body | p26:body_region:0 | p26:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 505.23, 215.53, 158.09] | Kim et al. first introduced the Fe-based mixed phosphate compound Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) to SIBs. As shown in Fig. 18c, the structure belongs to the orthorhombic Pbcn space group, which is constructed by [Fe3P2O13] layers a… | Kim et al. first introduced the Fe-based mixed phosphate compound Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) to SIBs. As shown in Fig. 18c, the structure belongs to the orthorhombic Pbcn space group, which is constructed by [Fe3P2O13] layers a… | |||
| 26 | 203 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p26:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [398.16, 34.25, 102.12, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 26 | 204 | text | body | True | body | body | p26:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 56.9, 215.54, 220.34] | Na x Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) (Kim et al. 2013a). Wood et al. simulated molecular dynamics for Na4M3(PO4)2P2O7 (M = Fe, Mn, Co, Ni), with the results showed a small activation barrier of 0.20 -0.24 eV for 3D Na + migration and d… | Na x Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) (Kim et al. 2013a). Wood et al. simulated molecular dynamics for Na4M3(PO4)2P2O7 (M = Fe, Mn, Co, Ni), with the results showed a small activation barrier of 0.20 -0.24 eV for 3D Na + migration and d… | ||||
| 26 | 205 | text | body | True | body | body | p26:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.87, 281.06, 215.56, 270.17] | Carbonophosphates are an emerging class of mixed polyanion compounds in SIB system. The idea of engaging carbonophosphates was proposed by Ceder ' s group using ab initio computations (Hautier et al. 2011). They success… | Carbonophosphates are an emerging class of mixed polyanion compounds in SIB system. The idea of engaging carbonophosphates was proposed by Ceder ' s group using ab initio computations (Hautier et al. 2011). They success… | ||||
| 26 | 206 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p26:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 579.95, 161.55, 8.75] | Fe- and Mn-based hexacyanometalates | Fe- and Mn-based hexacyanometalates | |||
| 26 | 207 | text | body | True | body | body | p26:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 604.83, 215.45, 59.44] | Metal hexacyanometalates, also known as Prussian blue analogs (PBAs), have a general formula of AxP[R(CN)6]1-y □ y·nH2O (A: removable cations, P: N-coordinated metal ion; R: C-coordinated metal ion; □ : [R(CN)6] vacancy… | Metal hexacyanometalates, also known as Prussian blue analogs (PBAs), have a general formula of AxP[R(CN)6]1-y □ y·nH2O (A: removable cations, P: N-coordinated metal ion; R: C-coordinated metal ion; □ : [R(CN)6] vacancy… | ||||
| 27 | 208 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p27:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 102.17, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 27 | 209 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p27:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | True | [433.24, 34.25, 67.04, 7.44] | Page 27 of 40 160 | Page 27 of 40 160 | |||
| 27 | 210 | text | body | True | body | body | p27:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 56.9, 215.5, 606.42] | They are crystallized into a cubic structure with the space group of Fm -3m . The cyanide ligands link the coordinated metal ions together to form elementary cubes that can host various cations due to the large channels… | They are crystallized into a cubic structure with the space group of Fm -3m . The cyanide ligands link the coordinated metal ions together to form elementary cubes that can host various cations due to the large channels… | ||||
| 27 | 211 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p27:page_body:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [287.89, 333.72, 7.44, 327.83] | Table 1 Electrochemical properties of representative Fe- and Mn-based cathode materials for LIBs | Table 1 Electrochemical properties of representative Fe- and Mn-based cathode materials for LIBs | |||
| 28 | 212 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p28:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 12.51, 7.44] | 160 | 160 | |||
| 28 | 213 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p28:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [67.64, 34.25, 46.28, 7.35] | Page 28 of 40 | Page 28 of 40 | |||
| 28 | 214 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p28:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [398.16, 34.25, 102.12, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | |||
| 28 | 215 | caption | caption | False | low | docling_caption | docling_caption | p28:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [152.79, 333.85, 7.44, 327.41] | Table 2 Electrochemical properties of representative Fe- and Mn-based cathode materials for SIBs | Table 2 Electrochemical properties of representative Fe- and Mn-based cathode materials for SIBs | |||
| 29 | 216 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p29:body_region:0 | p29:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 102.17, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | ||
| 29 | 217 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p29:body_region:0 | p29:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 213.91, 378.27, 7.44] | Fig. 20 Illustration of the energy densities of those Fe- and Mn-based cathode materials for LIBs ( a ) and SIBs ( b ) | Fig. 20 Illustration of the energy densities of those Fe- and Mn-based cathode materials for LIBs ( a ) and SIBs ( b ) | ||
| 29 | 218 | text | body | True | body | body | p29:body_region:0 | p29:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 243.7, 215.49, 21.12] | Therefore, the practical difficulties regarding sulfates also exist here. | Therefore, the practical difficulties regarding sulfates also exist here. | |||
| 29 | 219 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p29:body_region:0 | p29:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 293.54, 93.5, 8.75] | Summary and outlook | Summary and outlook | ||
| 29 | 220 | text | body | True | body | body | p29:body_region:0 | p29:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 318.42, 215.53, 207.92] | Considering the technology advances achieved on energy conversion and storage and the pressing concerns of carbon emission and environmental pollution, the transitions to clean, green, and sustainable development are pr… | Considering the technology advances achieved on energy conversion and storage and the pressing concerns of carbon emission and environmental pollution, the transitions to clean, green, and sustainable development are pr… | |||
| 29 | 221 | text | body | True | body | body | p29:body_region:0 | p29:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 530.11, 215.47, 133.2] | This review involves the discussion of most of the Feand Mn-based cathode materials for LIBs and SIBs, including oxides, polyanion compounds, and hexacyanometalates (for SIBs). We especially emphasize their merits, draw… | This review involves the discussion of most of the Feand Mn-based cathode materials for LIBs and SIBs, including oxides, polyanion compounds, and hexacyanometalates (for SIBs). We especially emphasize their merits, draw… | |||
| 29 | 222 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p29:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | True | [433.24, 34.25, 67.04, 7.44] | Page 29 of 40 160 | Page 29 of 40 160 | |||
| 29 | 223 | text | body | True | body | body | p29:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.89, 243.69, 215.51, 58.48] | straightforward comparison, it is easy to understand the different development phases and goals of cathode materials for LIBs and SIBs. To meet the requirement of practical applications, significant challenges in this f… | straightforward comparison, it is easy to understand the different development phases and goals of cathode materials for LIBs and SIBs. To meet the requirement of practical applications, significant challenges in this f… | ||||
| 29 | 224 | list_item | body | True | recovered_body_outside_flow | recovered_body_outside_flow | p29:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.89, 318.41, 215.42, 58.48] | The extensively investigated strategies of constructing conductive composites and tailoring particle size easily cause insufficient gravimetric and volumetric energy densities as well as additional materials and process… | The extensively investigated strategies of constructing conductive composites and tailoring particle size easily cause insufficient gravimetric and volumetric energy densities as well as additional materials and process… | ||||
| 29 | 225 | list_item | body | True | recovered_body_outside_flow | recovered_body_outside_flow | p29:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.89, 380.72, 215.5, 58.42] | Due to the large size of the Na ion, conventional host structures do not favor efficient and repeatable Na ion (de)intercalation. A critical step to realizing large-scale SIB applications is to search stable and kinetic… | Due to the large size of the Na ion, conventional host structures do not favor efficient and repeatable Na ion (de)intercalation. A critical step to realizing large-scale SIB applications is to search stable and kinetic… | ||||
| 29 | 226 | list_item | body | True | recovered_body_outside_flow | recovered_body_outside_flow | p29:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.89, 442.97, 215.42, 70.89] | Instead of emphasizing the electrode performance of a cathode material in a half cell, the practical performance should be demonstrated in full battery level, which requires innovation in the design and optimization of … | Instead of emphasizing the electrode performance of a cathode material in a half cell, the practical performance should be demonstrated in full battery level, which requires innovation in the design and optimization of … | ||||
| 29 | 227 | text | body | True | body | body | p29:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.89, 542.57, 215.52, 120.73] | As discussed above, nanostructuring is used to boost the reactivity for many electrode materials, given that it reduce the diffusion lengths of mobile ions and electrons, which also have been reviewed intensively (Armst… | As discussed above, nanostructuring is used to boost the reactivity for many electrode materials, given that it reduce the diffusion lengths of mobile ions and electrons, which also have been reviewed intensively (Armst… | ||||
| 30 | 228 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p30:body_region:0 | p30:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 34.25, 12.51, 7.44] | 160 | 160 | ||
| 30 | 229 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p30:body_region:0 | p30:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [67.64, 34.25, 46.28, 7.35] | Page 30 of 40 | Page 30 of 40 | ||
| 30 | 230 | text | body | True | body | body | p30:body_region:0 | p30:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 56.9, 215.51, 394.72] | However, to compete with the benchmark LCO and NMC, efforts should be made to improving the gravimetric and volumetric energy densities at reduced cost. In comparison to the B external ^ modifications, governing the cry… | However, to compete with the benchmark LCO and NMC, efforts should be made to improving the gravimetric and volumetric energy densities at reduced cost. In comparison to the B external ^ modifications, governing the cry… | |||
| 30 | 231 | text | back_matter_heading | False | low | back_matter_heading | back_matter_heading | stop_trigger | p30:body_region:0 | p30:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 468.74, 215.52, 17.28] | Acknowledgments Funding support from ARC through its LP and DP programs is acknowledged. | Acknowledgments Funding support from ARC through its LP and DP programs is acknowledged. | |
| 30 | 232 | section_header | unknown_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p30:body_region:0 | p30:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 501.12, 121.83, 7.44] | Compliance with ethical standards | Compliance with ethical standards | |
| 30 | 233 | text | back_matter_heading | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p30:body_region:0 | p30:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 523.51, 215.49, 17.33] | Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. | Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. | |
| 30 | 234 | section_header | back_matter_heading | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p30:body_region:0 | p30:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 564.25, 44.94, 8.75] | References | References | |
| 30 | 235 | list_item | metadata | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p30:body_region:0 | p30:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 594.66, 215.52, 27.36] | Adamczyk E, Pralong V (2017) Na2Mn3O7: a suitable electrode material for Na-Ion batteries? Chem Mater 29:4645 -4648. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b01390 | Adamczyk E, Pralong V (2017) Na2Mn3O7: a suitable electrode material for Na-Ion batteries? Chem Mater 29:4645 -4648. | |
| 30 | 236 | list_item | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p30:body_region:0 | p30:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [46.77, 625.67, 215.52, 37.44] | Ali G, Lee J-H, Susanto D, Choi S-W, Cho BW, Nam K-W, Chung KY (2016) Polythiophene-wrapped olivine NaFePO4 as a cathode for Na-Ion batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8: 15422 -15429. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b… | Ali G, Lee J-H, Susanto D, Choi S-W, Cho BW, Nam K-W, Chung KY (2016) Polythiophene-wrapped olivine NaFePO4 as a cathode for Na-Ion batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8: 15422 -15429. | |
| 30 | 237 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p30:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [398.16, 34.25, 102.12, 7.35] | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | J Nanopart Res (2018) 20: 160 | ||
| 30 | 238 | list_item | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p30:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.88, 55.45, 215.52, 47.37] | Amalraj F et al (2013) Study of the lithium-rich integrated compound xLi2MnO3·(1-x)LiMO2 (x around 0.5; M = Mn, Ni, Co; 2:2:1) and its electrochemical activity as positive electrode in lithium cells. J Electrochem Soc 1… | Amalraj F et al (2013) Study of the lithium-rich integrated compound xLi2MnO3·(1-x)LiMO2 (x around 0.5; M = Mn, Ni, Co; 2:2:1) and its electrochemical activity as positive electrode in lithium cells. J Electrochem Soc 1… | ||
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