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这里对齐真实图表资产提取链路。caption_source=embedded_table_cell 表示表注来自 Docling table cell，不会出现在 text block 审计差集里；caption_continuation_used_by_asset 表示某个 text block 已被图表 caption 吸收，不应按普通 metadata 解读。
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| 3 | figure | Fig. 1 | 2 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [39.5, 360.17, 247.89, 328.34] | Fig. 1. (a) Structural schematic of the Co-free Li-rich layered oxides generated using VESTA. (b) Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) curves of the Li/Ni-incorporated precursors for L-NM 26, LNM 35, and L-NM 44 measured in air. The inset shows an enlarged view of the 330 -700 ◦ C region. | ||||
| 4 | figure | Fig. 2 | 4 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [100.46, 339.11, 395.96, 366.01] | Fig. 2. Scanning electron micrograph of active materials (powders) after thermal treatment and before cycling in air atmosphere, along with the corresponding scaled-shaped individual particle size distributions displays on the right side. (a, b) L-NM 26, (c, d) L- NM 35 and (e, f) L-NM 44. The right-side plots are SEM-derived particle-size distributions from image analysis, not EDS depth profiles, etching profiles, or differential total-signal curves. | ||||
| 5 | figure | Fig. 3 | 5 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [99.9, 370.84, 396.59, 316.23] | Fig. 3. Results of TEM and HRTEM study of the layer samples of active materials (powders) after thermal treatment and before cycling in air atmosphere, Fourier transform of TEM Images and local d-spacing Vector Variations for each sample at the right side. (a, b) Results of HRTEM and Local d-spacing vector variation of HRTEM for the sample L-NM 26, respectively (c, d) Results of HRTEM and Local d-spacing vector variation of HRTEM for the sample L-NM 44, respectively (e, f) LNM 35. Fast Fourier Transform-FFT images at the ride side of each HRTEM. Enlarge region embedded in each HRTEM image to show Stacking Fauls. Color-full bar dspacing in nm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) | ||||
| 6 | figure | Fig. 4 | 7 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [118.13, 56.15, 356.43, 332.12] | Fig. 4. Raman spectra of the L-NM 26, L-NM 35 and L-NM 44 active materials. The classified spectra are marked as S1 and S2 in Figs. S4 and S5. | ||||
| 7 | figure | Fig. 5 | 8 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [117.5, 55.42, 361.57, 601.65] | Fig. 5. X-ray diffraction of the samples L-NM 26, L-NM 35 and L-NM 44. | ||||
| 8 | figure | Fig. 6 | 9 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [98.63, 375.1, 397.06, 349.38] | Fig. 6. XPS spectra and high-resolution regions Ni2p, Mn2p, and O1s of the active materials L-NM 26, L-NM 35 and L-NM 44. | ||||
| 9 | figure | Fig. 7 | 11 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [97.52, 55.62, 397.39, 494.99] | Fig. 7. (a) Charge -discharge voltage profiles of the L-NM 26, L-NM 35 and L-NM 44 between 2.0 and 4.8 V at a current density of 20 mA g 1 (0.1C) at room temperature and in the ride side the corresponding differential capacity curves for the cycles 1, 2, 30 and 80. (b) Cycling performance at 20 mA g 1 (0.1C) over a 2.0 -4.8 V voltage window is compared for the samples L-NM 26, L-NM 35 and L-NM 44. (c) Cycling stability curves performed at different C-rates over a 2.0 -4.8 V voltage window are compared for the samples L-NM 26, L-NM 35, L-NM 44, and L-NM 35, and L-NM 35 in CCCV mode. (d) Cycling performance of the Li1.2Ni0.3Mn0.5O2/graphite 18650 full cell, reported as full-cell discharge capacity (mAh) with the corresponding Coulombic efficiency over 32 cycles. | ||||
| 10 | figure | Fig. 8 | 13 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [100.14, 55.42, 395.89, 359.3] | Fig. 8. The electrochemical impedance of samples L-NM 26 (black color), L-NM 35 (green color) and L-NM 44 (red color) at a charge constant current of 20 mA g 1 (1C = 200 mA g 1 ) for 4h and comparative electrochemical impedance performed of samples after 2nd and 10th cycles. The right side of the Nyquist diagrams for each sample displays experimental values (scatter) alongside fitted values (lines), while the lower section of the Bode diagram presents the corresponding data. In the equivalent circuit, Rs represents the ohmic/electrolyte resistance, RCEI the cathode/electrolyte interphase resistance, Rct1 and Rct2 the charge-transfer resistance contributions, φ CEI, φ dl1, and φ dl2 the corresponding constant-phase elements, W the Warburg diffusion element, and τ CEI, τ dl1, and τ dl2 the characteristic relaxation times associated with the corresponding impedance processes. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.) | ||||
| 11 | table | Table 1 | 6 | sequence_or_inferred_caption | 0.82 | [36.24, 640.45, 252.79, 53.45] | Table 1 44 a . Results of chemical composition analysis by ICP of L-NM 26, L-NM 35 and L-NM | ||||
| 12 | table | Table 2 | 7 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [36.5, 447.79, 521.94, 79.1] | Table 2 Lattice parameters of the R3m space group and phase quantification of the active materials L-NM 26, L-NM 35 and L-NM 44. | ||||
| 13 | table | Table 3 | 9 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [36.43, 74.62, 521.41, 160.97] | Table 3 Crystallographic results from R3m space group a . | ||||
| 14 | table | Table 4 | 10 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [36.62, 94.18, 251.96, 91.18] | Table 4 Ni2p3/2, Mn2p3/2 and Mn3s spectral fitting parameters: binding energy (eV) for each active material, percentage of the total area of Ni2p3/2 region for each active material and Δ eV in the Mn3s region for each active material. | ||||
| 15 | table | Table 5 | 12 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [36.58, 73.86, 521.62, 173.25] | Table 5 Comparison of electrochemical performance for Li-rich layer cathode cell in the current work and previous reported works. |
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| 1 | 12 | list_item | unknown_text | False | medium | outside_body_flow_list_item | outside_body_flow_list_item | p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 300.19, 135.35, 16.16] | Co-free Li-rich Li1.2Mn0.8 xNixO2 made via α -MnOOH sacrificial template. | Co-free Li-rich Li1.2Mn0.8 xNixO2 made via α -MnOOH sacrificial template. | |||
| 1 | 13 | list_item | unknown_text | False | medium | outside_body_flow_list_item | outside_body_flow_list_item | p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 319.81, 135.33, 16.16] | Ni/Mn ratio tunes R3m/C2/m phase balance and Ni/Li antisite disorder. | Ni/Mn ratio tunes R3m/C2/m phase balance and Ni/Li antisite disorder. | |||
| 1 | 14 | list_item | unknown_text | False | high | outside_body_flow_list_item | outside_body_flow_list_item | p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 339.43, 135.37, 25.74] | Optimized Ni/Mn = 0.6 delivers 256 mAh g 1 at 0.1C and 209 mAh g 1 at 0.5C. | Optimized Ni/Mn = 0.6 delivers 256 mAh g 1 at 0.1C and 209 mAh g 1 at 0.5C. | |||
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| 1 | 29 | text | abstract_candidate | False | medium | inside_abstract | inside_abstract | p1:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [202.0, 522.88, 357.79, 84.08] | Co-free Li-rich layered Li1.2Ni x Mn0.8 x O2 (x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) was synthesized by co-precipitation using an α -MnOOH sacrificial template. XRD with Rietveld refinement and electron microscopy confirm a well-developed … | Co-free Li-rich layered Li1.2Ni x Mn0.8 x O2 (x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) was synthesized by co-precipitation using an α -MnOOH sacrificial template. XRD with Rietveld refinement and electron microscopy confirm a well-developed … | |||
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| 2 | 33 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p2:body_region:0 | p2:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 55.48, 60.25, 7.31] | 1. Introduction | 1. Introduction | ||
| 2 | 34 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:0 | p2:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 76.4, 253.44, 185.16] | Portable electronics and electric vehicles demand Li-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density and electrochemically stable performance. Recent studies in metal-air systems, battery-management modeling, solid-electr… | Portable electronics and electric vehicles demand Li-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density and electrochemically stable performance. Recent studies in metal-air systems, battery-management modeling, solid-electr… | |||
| 2 | 35 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:0 | p2:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 264.68, 253.42, 71.21] | From a crystallographic viewpoint, pristine Li-rich layered oxides are often described as an intergrowth of two components: a monoclinic Li2MnO3-like phase (space group C2/m) and a rhombohedral layered solid-solution ph… | From a crystallographic viewpoint, pristine Li-rich layered oxides are often described as an intergrowth of two components: a monoclinic Li2MnO3-like phase (space group C2/m) and a rhombohedral layered solid-solution ph… | |||
| 2 | 36 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p2:body_region:0 | p2:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 698.35, 253.17, 44.79] | Fig. 1. (a) Structural schematic of the Co-free Li-rich layered oxides generated using VESTA. (b) Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) curves of the Li/Ni-incorporated precursors for L-… | Fig. 1. (a) Structural schematic of the Co-free Li-rich layered oxides generated using VESTA. (b) Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) curves of the Li/Ni-incorporated precursors for L-… | ||
| 2 | 37 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:1 | p2:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 55.49, 253.4, 90.99] | and on cation distributions within the layered framework [10]. Increasing the Ni content in the rhombohedral solid-solution is attractive because Ni redox contributes high capacity and improved electronic conductivity; … | and on cation distributions within the layered framework [10]. Increasing the Ni content in the rhombohedral solid-solution is attractive because Ni redox contributes high capacity and improved electronic conductivity; … | |||
| 2 | 38 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:1 | p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 149.65, 253.43, 153.75] | The monoclinic Li2MnO3-like component is also central to the high capacity of Li-rich layered oxides [8,13]. However, its electrochemical activation introduces additional challenges. During the first charge, oxygen rele… | The monoclinic Li2MnO3-like component is also central to the high capacity of Li-rich layered oxides [8,13]. However, its electrochemical activation introduces additional challenges. During the first charge, oxygen rele… | |||
| 2 | 39 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:1 | p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 304.34, 253.43, 166.41] | For Mn -Ni Li-rich layered oxides, Ni 2 + is generally considered among the most prone TM species to enter Li-layer sites during synthesis because its ionic radius is close to that of Li + and synthesis conditions can s… | For Mn -Ni Li-rich layered oxides, Ni 2 + is generally considered among the most prone TM species to enter Li-layer sites during synthesis because its ionic radius is close to that of Li + and synthesis conditions can s… | |||
| 2 | 40 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:1 | p2:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 473.93, 253.44, 174.67] | Chemical composition and morphology control provide additional benefits to improve diffusion-limited rate performance. Structurally, α -MnOOH consists of distorted MnO6 polyhedra linked (corner/edgesharing) into chain-l… | Chemical composition and morphology control provide additional benefits to improve diffusion-limited rate performance. Structurally, α -MnOOH consists of distorted MnO6 polyhedra linked (corner/edgesharing) into chain-l… | |||
| 2 | 41 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:1 | p2:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 651.72, 253.43, 91.05] | Beyond precursor engineering, composition engineering and surface modification strategies, including co-doping, coatings, and alternative synthesis routes; have been extensively investigated to suppress oxygen release a… | Beyond precursor engineering, composition engineering and surface modification strategies, including co-doping, coatings, and alternative synthesis routes; have been extensively investigated to suppress oxygen release a… | |||
| 2 | 42 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | docling_page_footer | docling_page_footer | p2:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [296.21, 754.46, 3.59, 10.42] | 2 | 2 | |||
| 3 | 43 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p3:body_region:1 | p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [433.38, 33.66, 124.91, 10.42] | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | ||
| 3 | 44 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p3:body_region:0 | p3:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 36.99, 464.67, 5.85] | H.D. Agudelo et al. | H.D. Agudelo et al. | ||
| 3 | 45 | text | body | True | body | body | p3:body_region:0 | p3:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 55.48, 16.16, 7.31] | cost. | cost. | |||
| 3 | 46 | text | body | True | body | body | p3:body_region:0 | p3:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 65.97, 253.45, 311.75] | In this work, Co-free Li-rich layered Li1.2NixMn0.8-xO2 (x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) is synthesized via co-precipitation route using α -MnOOH nanorods as a sacrificial Mn template. Although the effect of varying the Ni/Mn ratio … | In this work, Co-free Li-rich layered Li1.2NixMn0.8-xO2 (x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) is synthesized via co-precipitation route using α -MnOOH nanorods as a sacrificial Mn template. Although the effect of varying the Ni/Mn ratio … | |||
| 3 | 47 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p3:body_region:0 | p3:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 393.26, 62.96, 7.31] | 2. Experimental | 2. Experimental | ||
| 3 | 48 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p3:body_region:0 | p3:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 414.18, 78.39, 7.31] | 2.1. Material synthesis | 2.1. Material synthesis | ||
| 3 | 49 | text | body | True | body | body | p3:body_region:0 | p3:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 435.1, 253.44, 143.26] | All reagents (analytical/battery grade, Sigma-Aldrich) were used as received. α -MnOOH nanorods were prepared by a hydrothermal route reported previously [13,29]; full conditions are provided in the Supporting Informati… | All reagents (analytical/battery grade, Sigma-Aldrich) were used as received. α -MnOOH nanorods were prepared by a hydrothermal route reported previously [13,29]; full conditions are provided in the Supporting Informati… | |||
| 3 | 50 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p3:body_region:0 | p3:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 600.08, 103.02, 7.31] | 2.2. Material characterization | 2.2. Material characterization | ||
| 3 | 51 | text | body | True | body | body | p3:body_region:0 | p3:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 620.99, 253.44, 122.4] | Thermal behavior was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Chemical characterization was performed using Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectro… | Thermal behavior was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Chemical characterization was performed using Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectro… | |||
| 3 | 52 | text | back_matter_heading | False | low | back_matter_heading | back_matter_heading | stop_trigger | p3:body_region:1 | p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 55.49, 85.51, 7.31] | Supporting Information. | Supporting Information. | |
| 3 | 53 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p3:body_region:1 | p3:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 76.92, 126.83, 7.31] | 2.3. Electrochemical characterization | 2.3. Electrochemical characterization | |
| 3 | 54 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p3:body_region:1 | p3:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 97.84, 253.43, 164.23] | Cathode slurries (80 wt% active material, 10 wt% Super P ® , 10 wt% PVDF) were prepared in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, doctor-blade coated onto Al foil, and vacuum-dried at 90 ◦ C for 24 h. Cycling stability was evaluated i… | Cathode slurries (80 wt% active material, 10 wt% Super P ® , 10 wt% PVDF) were prepared in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, doctor-blade coated onto Al foil, and vacuum-dried at 90 ◦ C for 24 h. Cycling stability was evaluated i… | |
| 3 | 55 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p3:body_region:1 | p3:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 275.79, 102.17, 7.31] | 3. Results and discussions | 3. Results and discussions | |
| 3 | 56 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p3:body_region:1 | p3:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 296.71, 75.32, 7.31] | 3.1. Thermal analysis | 3.1. Thermal analysis | |
| 3 | 57 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p3:body_region:1 | p3:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 317.63, 253.42, 111.91] | Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted on the Li/Niincorporated precursors (Section 3) to confirm the thermal events associated with layered-phase formation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was additiona… | Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted on the Li/Niincorporated precursors (Section 3) to confirm the thermal events associated with layered-phase formation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was additiona… | |
| 3 | 58 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p3:body_region:1 | p3:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 431.44, 253.41, 113.19] | The TGA curves show a continuous mass loss up to 515 ◦ C, reaching 43.79%, 45.79%, and 46.04% for L-NM 26, L-NM 35, and L-NM 44, respectively. Three main mass-loss stages are observed below 515 ◦ C. The first stage occu… | The TGA curves show a continuous mass loss up to 515 ◦ C, reaching 43.79%, 45.79%, and 46.04% for L-NM 26, L-NM 35, and L-NM 44, respectively. Three main mass-loss stages are observed below 515 ◦ C. The first stage occu… | |
| 3 | 59 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p3:body_region:1 | p3:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 546.52, 253.42, 144.54] | The third mass-loss stage is observed between 326.1 ◦ C and 515 ◦ C, corresponding to the onset of formation of the Li1.2Mn0.8 x Ni x O2 (x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) layered phase. DSC further supports this assignment: for L-NM … | The third mass-loss stage is observed between 326.1 ◦ C and 515 ◦ C, corresponding to the onset of formation of the Li1.2Mn0.8 x Ni x O2 (x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) layered phase. DSC further supports this assignment: for L-NM … | |
| 3 | 60 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p3:body_region:1 | p3:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 692.96, 253.42, 50.43] | At higher temperatures, a minor mass loss between 650 ◦ C and 750 ◦ C is attributed to decomposition of residual Li2CO3, yielding 0.42%, 0.59%, and 1.09% for L-NM 26, L-NM 35, and L-NM 44, respectively (see the enlarged… | At higher temperatures, a minor mass loss between 650 ◦ C and 750 ◦ C is attributed to decomposition of residual Li2CO3, yielding 0.42%, 0.59%, and 1.09% for L-NM 26, L-NM 35, and L-NM 44, respectively (see the enlarged… | |
| 3 | 61 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p3:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [296.21, 754.46, 3.59, 10.42] | 3 | 3 | ||
| 4 | 62 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p4:body_region:1 | p4:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [433.38, 33.66, 124.91, 10.42] | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | |
| 4 | 63 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p4:body_region:0 | p4:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 36.99, 464.67, 5.85] | H.D. Agudelo et al. | H.D. Agudelo et al. | |
| 4 | 64 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p4:body_region:0 | p4:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 55.48, 253.45, 59.64] | consistent with a higher carbonate residue (see the enlarged region between 300 ◦ C and 800 ◦ C in the inset of Fig. 1b). Finally, because layered oxides are commonly calcined in the range 700 -950 ◦ C to obtain adequat… | consistent with a higher carbonate residue (see the enlarged region between 300 ◦ C and 800 ◦ C in the inset of Fig. 1b). Finally, because layered oxides are commonly calcined in the range 700 -950 ◦ C to obtain adequat… | |
| 4 | 65 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p4:body_region:0 | p4:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 136.72, 155.62, 7.31] | 3.2. Morphological and elemental distribution | 3.2. Morphological and elemental distribution | |
| 4 | 66 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p4:body_region:0 | p4:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 157.64, 253.45, 70.07] | SEM micrographs (Fig. 2) show the morphology of Co-free Li-rich layered cathodes synthesized from the α -MnOOH nanorod template at different Ni/Mn molar ratios. The rod-like morphology of the α -MnOOH precursor is confi… | SEM micrographs (Fig. 2) show the morphology of Co-free Li-rich layered cathodes synthesized from the α -MnOOH nanorod template at different Ni/Mn molar ratios. The rod-like morphology of the α -MnOOH precursor is confi… | |
| 4 | 67 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p4:body_region:0 | p4:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 230.83, 253.44, 91.05] | For L-NM 26, the clustered particles exhibit an average length of 3.141 ± 1.87 μ m (Fig. 2a), while the scale-shaped primary particles show an average length of 461.20 ± 188 nm (Fig. 2b). For L-NM 35, the clustered part… | For L-NM 26, the clustered particles exhibit an average length of 3.141 ± 1.87 μ m (Fig. 2a), while the scale-shaped primary particles show an average length of 461.20 ± 188 nm (Fig. 2b). For L-NM 35, the clustered part… | |
| 4 | 68 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p4:body_region:1 | p4:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 55.49, 253.42, 38.72] | produces a less pronounced additional reduction, consistent with the SEM observations. Notably, L-NM 35 displays the most uniform cluster length (lowest standard deviation), suggesting a narrower aggregation distributio… | produces a less pronounced additional reduction, consistent with the SEM observations. Notably, L-NM 35 displays the most uniform cluster length (lowest standard deviation), suggesting a narrower aggregation distributio… | |
| 4 | 69 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p4:body_region:1 | p4:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 97.33, 253.42, 153.75] | BET measurements were performed to quantify the influence of Ni/ Mn ratio on surface properties. The specific surface area increases monotonically from 9.33 m 2 g 1 (L-NM26) to 19.67 m 2 g 1 (L-NM 35) and 28.66 m 2 g 1 … | BET measurements were performed to quantify the influence of Ni/ Mn ratio on surface properties. The specific surface area increases monotonically from 9.33 m 2 g 1 (L-NM26) to 19.67 m 2 g 1 (L-NM 35) and 28.66 m 2 g 1 … | |
| 4 | 70 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p4:body_region:1 | p4:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 254.25, 253.41, 59.58] | The local chemical distribution was examined by EDS mapping (right panels in Fig. 2a, c, and 2e; quantitative composition in Table S1). For LNM 35 and L-NM 44, the clustered particles display lateral compositional heter… | The local chemical distribution was examined by EDS mapping (right panels in Fig. 2a, c, and 2e; quantitative composition in Table S1). For LNM 35 and L-NM 44, the clustered particles display lateral compositional heter… | |
| 4 | 71 | caption | caption | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p4:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 717.45, 522.17, 25.69] | Fig. 2. Scanning electron micrograph of active materials (powders) after thermal treatment and before cycling in air atmosphere, along with the corresponding scaled-shaped individual particle size distributions displays… | Fig. 2. Scanning electron micrograph of active materials (powders) after thermal treatment and before cycling in air atmosphere, along with the corresponding scaled-shaped individual particle size distributions displays… | ||
| 4 | 72 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p4:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [296.21, 754.46, 3.59, 10.42] | 4 | 4 | ||
| 5 | 73 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p5:body_region:1 | p5:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [433.38, 33.66, 124.91, 10.42] | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | |
| 5 | 74 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p5:body_region:0 | p5:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 36.99, 464.67, 5.85] | H.D. Agudelo et al. | H.D. Agudelo et al. | |
| 5 | 75 | text | back_matter_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p5:body_region:0 | p5:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 55.48, 253.44, 81.63] | data should not be interpreted as a depth-resolved interior/exterior composition profile. Instead, the EDS maps support local compositional heterogeneity at the particle scale, while the coexistence of R3m and C2/ m dom… | data should not be interpreted as a depth-resolved interior/exterior composition profile. Instead, the EDS maps support local compositional heterogeneity at the particle scale, while the coexistence of R3m and C2/ m dom… | |
| 5 | 76 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p5:body_region:0 | p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 140.24, 253.44, 211.52] | TEM/HRTEM was performed on individual particles to further probe structural heterogeneity (Fig. 3). All samples show lattice fringes consistent with coexisting R3m and C2/m domains. In L-NM26, a dominant fringe spacing … | TEM/HRTEM was performed on individual particles to further probe structural heterogeneity (Fig. 3). All samples show lattice fringes consistent with coexisting R3m and C2/m domains. In L-NM26, a dominant fringe spacing … | |
| 5 | 77 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p5:body_region:1 | p5:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 55.49, 253.41, 70.07] | C2/m contribution estimated from the monoclinic-phase Rietveld results in Table S9 is 42.48% for L-NM 35 and 55.53% for L-NM 44, and prior reports associate stacking faults in C2/m ordered regions with trace Ni 2 + occu… | C2/m contribution estimated from the monoclinic-phase Rietveld results in Table S9 is 42.48% for L-NM 35 and 55.53% for L-NM 44, and prior reports associate stacking faults in C2/m ordered regions with trace Ni 2 + occu… | |
| 5 | 78 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p5:body_region:1 | p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 128.73, 253.44, 186.23] | Taken together, SEM/BET indicate hierarchical aggregation with Ni/ Mn-dependent primary-particle size, while EDS and HRTEM support two-phase coexistence (C2/m + R3m) with compositional/structural heterogeneity at the pa… | Taken together, SEM/BET indicate hierarchical aggregation with Ni/ Mn-dependent primary-particle size, while EDS and HRTEM support two-phase coexistence (C2/m + R3m) with compositional/structural heterogeneity at the pa… | |
| 5 | 79 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p5:body_region:1 | p5:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 318.08, 253.41, 28.23] | According to Wu et al. [36], stacking faults can occur in the ordered layer structure with C2/m symmetry due to the traces of Ni 2 + in the 2c Li sites. In the current work, stacking faults were seen for the samples L-NM | According to Wu et al. [36], stacking faults can occur in the ordered layer structure with C2/m symmetry due to the traces of Ni 2 + in the 2c Li sites. In the current work, stacking faults were seen for the samples L-NM | |
| 5 | 80 | caption | caption | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p5:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 698.35, 522.2, 44.79] | Fig. 3. Results of TEM and HRTEM study of the layer samples of active materials (powders) after thermal treatment and before cycling in air atmosphere, Fourier transform of TEM Images and local d-spacing Vector Variatio… | Fig. 3. Results of TEM and HRTEM study of the layer samples of active materials (powders) after thermal treatment and before cycling in air atmosphere, Fourier transform of TEM Images and local d-spacing Vector Variatio… | ||
| 5 | 81 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p5:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [296.21, 754.46, 3.59, 10.42] | 5 | 5 | ||
| 6 | 82 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:1 | p6:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [433.38, 33.66, 124.91, 10.42] | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | |
| 6 | 83 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:0 | p6:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 36.99, 464.67, 5.85] | H.D. Agudelo et al. | H.D. Agudelo et al. | |
| 6 | 84 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:0 | p6:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 55.48, 253.44, 28.23] | 35 and L-NM 44, as the enlarged region embedded in the HRTEM images showed. Furthermore, stacking faults enhance the high-voltage anionic redox activity, increasing the reversible capacity in the first cycle. | 35 and L-NM 44, as the enlarged region embedded in the HRTEM images showed. Furthermore, stacking faults enhance the high-voltage anionic redox activity, increasing the reversible capacity in the first cycle. | |
| 6 | 85 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:0 | p6:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 86.89, 253.45, 259.42] | The above results indicated that two phases with spatial groups C2/ m and R3m coexist in the particles of all synthesized samples. Accordingly, the EDS results are discussed here as evidence of lateral surface compositi… | The above results indicated that two phases with spatial groups C2/ m and R3m coexist in the particles of all synthesized samples. Accordingly, the EDS results are discussed here as evidence of lateral surface compositi… | |
| 6 | 86 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:0 | p6:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 370.13, 155.18, 7.31] | 3.3. Chemical and structural characterization | 3.3. Chemical and structural characterization | |
| 6 | 87 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:0 | p6:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 391.05, 253.44, 101.48] | Chemical composition was quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP -OES) to determine Li and transitionmetal contents, while Raman spectroscopy was used to probe local vibrational envir… | Chemical composition was quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP -OES) to determine Li and transitionmetal contents, while Raman spectroscopy was used to probe local vibrational envir… | |
| 6 | 88 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:0 | p6:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 495.7, 253.44, 102.29] | Raman spectroscopy was used to assess local phase/chemical heterogeneity within the clustered, scale-shaped particles observed by SEM. Two reproducible spectral signatures were identified by point-by-point mapping (Fig.… | Raman spectroscopy was used to assess local phase/chemical heterogeneity within the clustered, scale-shaped particles observed by SEM. Two reproducible spectral signatures were identified by point-by-point mapping (Fig.… | |
| 6 | 89 | caption | caption | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:0 | p6:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 613.03, 27.29, 25.74] | Table 1 44 a . | Table 1 44 a . | |
| 6 | 90 | caption | caption | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:0 | p6:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 622.61, 253.18, 6.58] | Results of chemical composition analysis by ICP of L-NM 26, L-NM 35 and L-NM | Results of chemical composition analysis by ICP of L-NM 26, L-NM 35 and L-NM | |
| 6 | 91 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:0 | p6:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 696.56, 253.2, 46.58] | a Note: The Standard Deviation (SD) values were calculated from duplicate ICP-OES measurements for each sample. Therefore, they should be interpreted as an indicator of analytical repeatability between replicates rather… | a Note: The Standard Deviation (SD) values were calculated from duplicate ICP-OES measurements for each sample. Therefore, they should be interpreted as an indicator of analytical repeatability between replicates rather… | |
| 6 | 92 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:1 | p6:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 53.31, 253.41, 30.41] | in the ~470 -485 cm 1 range (oxygen displacements in adjacent O layers) and an A1 g band near ~583 cm 1 (symmetric oxygen motion along the c-axis) [40]. | in the ~470 -485 cm 1 range (oxygen displacements in adjacent O layers) and an A1 g band near ~583 cm 1 (symmetric oxygen motion along the c-axis) [40]. | |
| 6 | 93 | text | back_matter_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:1 | p6:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 84.66, 253.43, 155.98] | For L-NM 26, the band in the ~450 -485 cm 1 region is centered at ~453 cm 1 (S1) and ~480 cm 1 (S2), while the A1 g band remains near ~583 cm 1 in both cases. The shift between S1 and S2, together with the appearance of… | For L-NM 26, the band in the ~450 -485 cm 1 region is centered at ~453 cm 1 (S1) and ~480 cm 1 (S2), while the A1 g band remains near ~583 cm 1 in both cases. The shift between S1 and S2, together with the appearance of… | |
| 6 | 94 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:1 | p6:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 243.76, 253.42, 81.37] | The Mn-rich and Ni-rich regions also affect the relative Raman intensities of the E g and A1 g modes. The E g /A1 g intensity ratio is consistently lower in the Ni-enriched regions (S1) than in the Mn-enriched regions (… | The Mn-rich and Ni-rich regions also affect the relative Raman intensities of the E g and A1 g modes. The E g /A1 g intensity ratio is consistently lower in the Ni-enriched regions (S1) than in the Mn-enriched regions (… | |
| 6 | 95 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:1 | p6:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 327.5, 253.42, 132.83] | A systematic shift of the A1 g band toward higher wavenumber is observed as the Ni/Mn ratio increases from 0.33 to 1.0 (Fig. 4), and the effect is most pronounced for the Ni-rich spectrum (S1). This behavior is consiste… | A systematic shift of the A1 g band toward higher wavenumber is observed as the Ni/Mn ratio increases from 0.33 to 1.0 (Fig. 4), and the effect is most pronounced for the Ni-rich spectrum (S1). This behavior is consiste… | |
| 6 | 96 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:1 | p6:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 463.45, 253.42, 165.32] | Fig. 5 shows the XRD patterns of L-NM 26, L-NM 35, and L-NM 44. Phase identification and Rietveld refinement were performed using HighScore Plus and FullProf, respectively. The diffraction patterns are well described by… | Fig. 5 shows the XRD patterns of L-NM 26, L-NM 35, and L-NM 44. Phase identification and Rietveld refinement were performed using HighScore Plus and FullProf, respectively. The diffraction patterns are well described by… | |
| 6 | 97 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:1 | p6:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 631.94, 253.42, 101.42] | Cation mixing was assessed using the I(003)/I(104) intensity ratio, which is 0.59 (L-NM 26), 1.05 (L-NM 35), and 0.87 (L-NM 44). Since higher I(003)/I(104) values (typically > 1.2) indicate lower Li/Ni disorder, these r… | Cation mixing was assessed using the I(003)/I(104) intensity ratio, which is 0.59 (L-NM 26), 1.05 (L-NM 35), and 0.87 (L-NM 44). Since higher I(003)/I(104) values (typically > 1.2) indicate lower Li/Ni disorder, these r… | |
| 6 | 98 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [296.21, 754.46, 3.59, 10.42] | 6 | 6 | ||
| 7 | 99 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p7:body_region:1 | p7:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [433.38, 33.66, 124.91, 10.42] | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | |
| 7 | 100 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p7:body_region:0 | p7:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 36.99, 464.67, 5.85] | H.D. Agudelo et al. | H.D. Agudelo et al. | |
| 7 | 101 | caption | caption | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [62.19, 399.69, 470.86, 6.58] | Fig. 4. Raman spectra of the L-NM 26, L-NM 35 and L-NM 44 active materials. The classified spectra are marked as S1 and S2 in Figs. S4 and S5. | Fig. 4. Raman spectra of the L-NM 26, L-NM 35 and L-NM 44 active materials. The classified spectra are marked as S1 and S2 in Figs. S4 and S5. | ||
| 7 | 102 | caption | caption | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p7:body_region:0 | p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 428.94, 398.37, 17.12] | Table 2 Lattice parameters of the R3m space group and phase quantification of the active materials L-NM 26, L-NM 35 and L-NM 44. | Table 2 Lattice parameters of the R3m space group and phase quantification of the active materials L-NM 26, L-NM 35 and L-NM 44. | |
| 7 | 103 | footnote | footnote | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [43.2, 530.51, 509.44, 8.31] | a Equivalent chemical formula (Calculated by the authors of this work) = Li[Li0.13Ni0.202Co0.202Mn0.463]O2. * *Calculated by the authors of this report. ***No reported . | a Equivalent chemical formula (Calculated by the authors of this work) = Li[Li0.13Ni0.202Co0.202Mn0.463]O2. * *Calculated by the authors of this report. ***No reported . | ||
| 7 | 104 | text | unknown_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p7:body_region:0 | p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 554.1, 253.43, 17.8] | 44, respectively, supporting a slight reduction of diffusion length with increasing Ni/Mn ratio and consistent with the BET-derived trend. | 44, respectively, supporting a slight reduction of diffusion length with increasing Ni/Mn ratio and consistent with the BET-derived trend. | |
| 7 | 105 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p7:body_region:0 | p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 575.07, 253.43, 59.58] | Lattice parameters obtained from Rietveld refinement are summarized in Table 2 together with representative literature values. The rhombohedral ' a ' parameter shows no meaningful variation among the present samples and… | Lattice parameters obtained from Rietveld refinement are summarized in Table 2 together with representative literature values. The rhombohedral ' a ' parameter shows no meaningful variation among the present samples and… | |
| 7 | 106 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p7:body_region:0 | p7:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 637.83, 253.44, 101.42] | Because these compositions are Mn-containing layered oxides, the lattice can be influenced by Jahn -Teller distortion associated with highspin Mn 3 + , which lowers octahedral symmetry along the c direction and affects … | Because these compositions are Mn-containing layered oxides, the lattice can be influenced by Jahn -Teller distortion associated with highspin Mn 3 + , which lowers octahedral symmetry along the c direction and affects … | |
| 7 | 107 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p7:body_region:1 | p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 554.1, 253.41, 59.64] | Compared with literature, the c parameters of L-NM35 and L-NM44 are generally higher, except for the report by Wu et al. [36], who emphasized cycling-driven lattice evolution at an optimal Ni/Mn ratio (~0.36) without us… | Compared with literature, the c parameters of L-NM35 and L-NM44 are generally higher, except for the report by Wu et al. [36], who emphasized cycling-driven lattice evolution at an optimal Ni/Mn ratio (~0.36) without us… | |
| 7 | 108 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p7:body_region:1 | p7:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 616.91, 253.41, 90.99] | All samples exhibit high c/a ratios, consistent with well-developed layered structures; L-NM 35 shows the highest c/a among the series. To quantify Ni/Li cation disorder, site occupancies (OCC) were extracted from Rietv… | All samples exhibit high c/a ratios, consistent with well-developed layered structures; L-NM 35 shows the highest c/a among the series. To quantify Ni/Li cation disorder, site occupancies (OCC) were extracted from Rietv… | |
| 7 | 109 | text | affiliation | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p7:body_region:1 | p7:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 711.02, 253.42, 28.23] | A clear increase in Ni occupation of Li-layer sites is observed as the Ni/Mn ratio increases from 0.33 to 1.0 (Table 3), while the transitionmetal layer shows a corresponding increase in Ni content and decrease | A clear increase in Ni occupation of Li-layer sites is observed as the Ni/Mn ratio increases from 0.33 to 1.0 (Table 3), while the transitionmetal layer shows a corresponding increase in Ni content and decrease | |
| 7 | 110 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p7:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [296.21, 754.46, 3.59, 10.42] | 7 | 7 | ||
| 8 | 111 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p8:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [433.38, 33.66, 124.91, 10.42] | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | ||
| 8 | 112 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p8:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 36.99, 464.67, 5.85] | H.D. Agudelo et al. | H.D. Agudelo et al. | ||
| 8 | 113 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p8:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 690.39, 253.44, 49.15] | in Mn content within the R3m component. These trends are consistent with the Raman/EDS evidence for Ni-rich regions and with the phase evolution discussed above. Notably, Ni occupation of Li sites rises from a limited l… | in Mn content within the R3m component. These trends are consistent with the Raman/EDS evidence for Ni-rich regions and with the phase evolution discussed above. Notably, Ni occupation of Li sites rises from a limited l… | ||
| 8 | 114 | caption | caption | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p8:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [179.66, 667.39, 235.95, 6.58] | Fig. 5. X-ray diffraction of the samples L-NM 26, L-NM 35 and L-NM 44. | Fig. 5. X-ray diffraction of the samples L-NM 26, L-NM 35 and L-NM 44. | ||
| 8 | 115 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p8:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 690.39, 253.42, 49.15] | 3b Li-layer site in the R3m component. Since moderate Li/Ni antisite disorder can stabilize layered frameworks and improve Li + transport, whereas excessive disorder blocks diffusion pathways [43], the optimized perform… | 3b Li-layer site in the R3m component. Since moderate Li/Ni antisite disorder can stabilize layered frameworks and improve Li + transport, whereas excessive disorder blocks diffusion pathways [43], the optimized perform… | ||
| 8 | 116 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p8:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [296.21, 754.46, 3.59, 10.42] | 8 | 8 | ||
| 9 | 117 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p9:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [433.38, 33.66, 124.91, 10.42] | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | ||
| 9 | 118 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p9:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 36.99, 464.67, 5.85] | H.D. Agudelo et al. | H.D. Agudelo et al. | ||
| 9 | 119 | caption | caption | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p9:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 56.3, 154.17, 17.12] | Table 3 Crystallographic results from R3m space group a . | Table 3 Crystallographic results from R3m space group a . | ||
| 9 | 120 | footnote | footnote | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p9:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 238.65, 522.19, 17.89] | a Note: Crystallographic dates of the monoclinic phase are not considered relevant because it is a transition phase, only important during the first charge/discharge cycle. However, phase content and the lattice paramet… | a Note: Crystallographic dates of the monoclinic phase are not considered relevant because it is a transition phase, only important during the first charge/discharge cycle. However, phase content and the lattice paramet… | ||
| 9 | 121 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p9:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 271.82, 253.43, 80.56] | X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS; survey and high-resolution scans) was performed on the active materials prior to cycling to evaluate surface oxidation states of the transition metals and to support the proposed c… | X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS; survey and high-resolution scans) was performed on the active materials prior to cycling to evaluate surface oxidation states of the transition metals and to support the proposed c… | ||
| 9 | 122 | caption | caption | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p9:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [93.77, 736.56, 407.72, 6.58] | Fig. 6. XPS spectra and high-resolution regions Ni2p, Mn2p, and O1s of the active materials L-NM 26, L-NM 35 and L-NM 44. | Fig. 6. XPS spectra and high-resolution regions Ni2p, Mn2p, and O1s of the active materials L-NM 26, L-NM 35 and L-NM 44. | ||
| 9 | 123 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p9:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 271.83, 253.38, 17.8] | the overall spectral features are consistent with prior reports for related Li-rich layered oxides [17,25,49 -52]. | the overall spectral features are consistent with prior reports for related Li-rich layered oxides [17,25,49 -52]. | ||
| 9 | 124 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p9:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 292.8, 253.43, 59.58] | In the Ni 2p3/2 region, the components at 854.64 eV (L-NM 26), 853.61 eV (L-NM 35), and 854.82 eV (L-NM 44) are assigned to Ni 2 + , while components at 855.31 eV, 854.89 eV, and 855.29 eV, respectively, are assigned to… | In the Ni 2p3/2 region, the components at 854.64 eV (L-NM 26), 853.61 eV (L-NM 35), and 854.82 eV (L-NM 44) are assigned to Ni 2 + , while components at 855.31 eV, 854.89 eV, and 855.29 eV, respectively, are assigned to… | ||
| 9 | 125 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p9:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [296.21, 754.46, 3.59, 10.42] | 9 | 9 | ||
| 10 | 126 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p10:body_region:1 | p10:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [433.38, 33.66, 124.91, 10.42] | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | |
| 10 | 127 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 37.0, 464.67, 5.85] | H.D. Agudelo et al. | H.D. Agudelo et al. | |
| 10 | 128 | caption | caption | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 56.3, 253.19, 35.27] | Table 4 Ni2p3/2, Mn2p3/2 and Mn3s spectral fitting parameters: binding energy (eV) for each active material, percentage of the total area of Ni2p3/2 region for each active material and Δ eV in the Mn3s region for each a… | Table 4 Ni2p3/2, Mn2p3/2 and Mn3s spectral fitting parameters: binding energy (eV) for each active material, percentage of the total area of Ni2p3/2 region for each active material and Δ eV in the Mn3s region for each a… | |
| 10 | 129 | text | unknown_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p10:body_region:0 | p10:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 202.32, 253.4, 17.8] | that tuning the Ni/Mn ratio in Li1.2Mn0.8 x Ni x O2 (x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) modifies the surface redox-state distribution. | that tuning the Ni/Mn ratio in Li1.2Mn0.8 x Ni x O2 (x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) modifies the surface redox-state distribution. | |
| 10 | 130 | text | back_matter_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p10:body_region:0 | p10:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 221.06, 253.44, 135.01] | Semi-quantitative analysis indicates that the Ni 2 + contribution decreases as Ni/Mn increases from 0.33 to 0.60, but increases again at Ni/ Mn = 1.0, whereas Ni 3 + is more pronounced for L-NM 35 and L-NM 44 than for L… | Semi-quantitative analysis indicates that the Ni 2 + contribution decreases as Ni/Mn increases from 0.33 to 0.60, but increases again at Ni/ Mn = 1.0, whereas Ni 3 + is more pronounced for L-NM 35 and L-NM 44 than for L… | |
| 10 | 131 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p10:body_region:0 | p10:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 359.24, 253.44, 195.59] | Although XPS does not provide crystallographic site specificity, the combined XPS redox trends and the phase fractions/occupancies obtained from XRD Rietveld refinement support our structural model. At higher Ni/Mn rati… | Although XPS does not provide crystallographic site specificity, the combined XPS redox trends and the phase fractions/occupancies obtained from XRD Rietveld refinement support our structural model. At higher Ni/Mn rati… | |
| 10 | 132 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p10:body_region:0 | p10:body_zone:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 558.01, 253.43, 111.91] | Δ eV of the binding energies in the Mn3s core level is frequently used to determine the coexistence of the Mn 3 + and Mn 4 + [53]. It can also be considered that the increasing Δ eV is due to the reduction of Mn from + … | Δ eV of the binding energies in the Mn3s core level is frequently used to determine the coexistence of the Mn 3 + and Mn 4 + [53]. It can also be considered that the increasing Δ eV is due to the reduction of Mn from + … | |
| 10 | 133 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p10:body_region:0 | p10:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 673.04, 253.44, 70.07] | According to the core-level Li1s, all samples showed a centered peak at ~54.5 eV corresponding to Li-O in the tetrahedral arrangement and a centered peak at ~49.5 eV corresponding to Mn-O in the octahedral arrangement (… | According to the core-level Li1s, all samples showed a centered peak at ~54.5 eV corresponding to Li-O in the tetrahedral arrangement and a centered peak at ~49.5 eV corresponding to Mn-O in the octahedral arrangement (… | |
| 10 | 134 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p10:body_region:1 | p10:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 55.48, 253.43, 59.64] | Li2CO3 in the surface of the L-NM 44 active material, and the higher intensity of the M O (M = Metal) also clarified the significant oxygen integration of the L-NM 35 active material. Raman and XPS results are used as i… | Li2CO3 in the surface of the L-NM 44 active material, and the higher intensity of the M O (M = Metal) also clarified the significant oxygen integration of the L-NM 35 active material. Raman and XPS results are used as i… | |
| 10 | 135 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p10:body_region:1 | p10:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 129.35, 151.65, 7.31] | 3.4. Electrochemical performance evaluation | 3.4. Electrochemical performance evaluation | |
| 10 | 136 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p10:body_region:1 | p10:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 150.27, 253.44, 258.35] | The left side of Fig. 7a shows each sample's initial charge/discharge profiles performed at 20 mA g 1 (1C = 200 mA g 1 ) with different Ni/ Mn molar ratios. The initial discharge capacities during the first cycle were 1… | The left side of Fig. 7a shows each sample's initial charge/discharge profiles performed at 20 mA g 1 (1C = 200 mA g 1 ) with different Ni/ Mn molar ratios. The initial discharge capacities during the first cycle were 1… | |
| 10 | 137 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p10:body_region:1 | p10:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 411.8, 253.43, 132.83] | According to the report of H. Yu and Zhou, for their Li-rich composition study (Li1.2 Ni0.166Mn0.567Co0.067O2), there is an arising of cubic spinel-like phase framework that can be confirmed by the appeared oxidation pe… | According to the report of H. Yu and Zhou, for their Li-rich composition study (Li1.2 Ni0.166Mn0.567Co0.067O2), there is an arising of cubic spinel-like phase framework that can be confirmed by the appeared oxidation pe… | |
| 10 | 138 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p10:body_region:1 | p10:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 547.8, 253.4, 90.99] | Activation of the Li2MnO3-like component during the first charge is associated with lithium/oxygen loss or oxygen redox and subsequent spinel-like structural rearrangement. The first-cycle coulombic efficiencies were 49… | Activation of the Li2MnO3-like component during the first charge is associated with lithium/oxygen loss or oxygen redox and subsequent spinel-like structural rearrangement. The first-cycle coulombic efficiencies were 49… | |
| 10 | 139 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p10:body_region:1 | p10:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 641.91, 253.43, 101.48] | Furthermore, concerning the Ni/Mn molar ratio, the oxidation peak intensities at 3.6V and 4.6V appeared to shift as the Ni/Mn ratio increased from 0.33 to 1, aligning with the findings from the XRD analysis. These dQ/dV… | Furthermore, concerning the Ni/Mn molar ratio, the oxidation peak intensities at 3.6V and 4.6V appeared to shift as the Ni/Mn ratio increased from 0.33 to 1, aligning with the findings from the XRD analysis. These dQ/dV… | |
| 10 | 140 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p10:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [294.42, 754.46, 7.18, 10.42] | 10 | 10 | ||
| 11 | 141 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p11:body_region:1 | p11:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [433.38, 33.66, 124.91, 10.42] | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | |
| 11 | 142 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p11:body_region:0 | p11:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 36.99, 464.67, 5.85] | H.D. Agudelo et al. | H.D. Agudelo et al. | |
| 11 | 143 | caption | caption | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p11:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 558.97, 522.18, 46.58] | Fig. 7. (a) Charge -discharge voltage profiles of the L-NM 26, L-NM 35 and L-NM 44 between 2.0 and 4.8 V at a current density of 20 mA g 1 (0.1C) at room temperature and in the ride side the corresponding differential c… | Fig. 7. (a) Charge -discharge voltage profiles of the L-NM 26, L-NM 35 and L-NM 44 between 2.0 and 4.8 V at a current density of 20 mA g 1 (0.1C) at room temperature and in the ride side the corresponding differential c… | ||
| 11 | 144 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p11:body_region:0 | p11:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 620.83, 253.43, 70.13] | further quantified from the average discharge voltage, calculated as discharge energy divided by discharge capacity for each cycle. Using cycle 2 as the post-activation baseline, the average discharge voltage decreased … | further quantified from the average discharge voltage, calculated as discharge energy divided by discharge capacity for each cycle. Using cycle 2 as the post-activation baseline, the average discharge voltage decreased … | |
| 11 | 145 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p11:body_region:0 | p11:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 694.07, 253.44, 38.72] | Fig. 7b confirms the superior cycling behavior of L-NM 35, which delivered 198.3 mAhg 1 and retained 96.71% after 100 cycles, compared with 171.75 mAh g 1 and 83.58% for L-NM 26 and 159.68 mAh g 1 and 87.5% for L-NM 44.… | Fig. 7b confirms the superior cycling behavior of L-NM 35, which delivered 198.3 mAhg 1 and retained 96.71% after 100 cycles, compared with 171.75 mAh g 1 and 83.58% for L-NM 26 and 159.68 mAh g 1 and 87.5% for L-NM 44.… | |
| 11 | 146 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p11:body_region:1 | p11:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 621.96, 253.43, 111.91] | capability (Fig. 7c and Fig. S9), consistent with its balanced R3m/C2/m phase contribution, lower Li/Ni disorder, smaller particle/crystallite size, and favorable Li-ion diffusivity. The lower performance of L-NM 26 is … | capability (Fig. 7c and Fig. S9), consistent with its balanced R3m/C2/m phase contribution, lower Li/Ni disorder, smaller particle/crystallite size, and favorable Li-ion diffusivity. The lower performance of L-NM 26 is … | |
| 11 | 147 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p11:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [294.42, 754.46, 7.18, 10.42] | 11 | 11 | ||
| 12 | 148 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p12:body_region:1 | p12:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [433.38, 33.66, 124.91, 10.42] | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | |
| 12 | 149 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p12:body_region:0 | p12:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 36.99, 464.67, 5.85] | H.D. Agudelo et al. | H.D. Agudelo et al. | |
| 12 | 150 | caption | caption | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p12:body_region:0 | p12:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 56.3, 392.97, 16.16] | Table 5 Comparison of electrochemical performance for Li-rich layer cathode cell in the current work and previous reported works. | Table 5 Comparison of electrochemical performance for Li-rich layer cathode cell in the current work and previous reported works. | |
| 12 | 151 | text | unknown_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p12:body_region:0 | p12:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 251.95, 55.78, 6.58] | NR = No reported | NR = No reported | |
| 12 | 152 | footnote | footnote | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p12:body_region:0 | p12:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [43.2, 259.8, 214.28, 8.31] | a These values were taken from the graph presented by the author. | a These values were taken from the graph presented by the author. | |
| 12 | 153 | footnote | footnote | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p12:body_region:0 | p12:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [43.2, 269.38, 272.53, 8.31] | b The author introduced C, N, and S in the superficial of solid solution with thiourea. | b The author introduced C, N, and S in the superficial of solid solution with thiourea. | |
| 12 | 154 | footnote | footnote | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p12:body_region:0 | p12:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [43.2, 278.91, 129.13, 8.37] | c Synthesis by sol-freeze-drying method. | c Synthesis by sol-freeze-drying method. | |
| 12 | 155 | footnote | footnote | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p12:body_region:0 | p12:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [43.2, 288.49, 140.13, 8.31] | d Synthesis by MOF Assisted Hydrothermal. | d Synthesis by MOF Assisted Hydrothermal. | |
| 12 | 156 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p12:body_region:0 | p12:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 312.13, 253.44, 70.07] | Preliminary 18650 Li1.2Ni0.3Mn0.5O2/graphite full-cell cycling data are presented in Fig. 7d as proof-of-concept validation. The cell delivered 273.53 mAh in the first cycle, reached 323.99 mAh at cycle 17, and retained… | Preliminary 18650 Li1.2Ni0.3Mn0.5O2/graphite full-cell cycling data are presented in Fig. 7d as proof-of-concept validation. The cell delivered 273.53 mAh in the first cycle, reached 323.99 mAh at cycle 17, and retained… | |
| 12 | 157 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p12:body_region:0 | p12:front_matter:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 385.38, 253.44, 258.35] | The lithium-ion diffusivity (DLi + ) was calculated using the Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique (GITT) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). GITT was applied for the first charge, and the DLi fr… | The lithium-ion diffusivity (DLi + ) was calculated using the Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique (GITT) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). GITT was applied for the first charge, and the DLi fr… | |
| 12 | 158 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p12:body_region:0 | p12:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 646.85, 253.45, 91.05] | Fig. 8 shows Nyquist and Bode plots collected after galvanostatic charging, together with the equivalent electrical circuit used for fitting. The spectra contain high- and intermediate-frequency contributions associated… | Fig. 8 shows Nyquist and Bode plots collected after galvanostatic charging, together with the equivalent electrical circuit used for fitting. The spectra contain high- and intermediate-frequency contributions associated… | |
| 12 | 159 | text | unknown_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p12:body_region:1 | p12:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 312.14, 100.8, 7.31] | higher estimated coefficient. | higher estimated coefficient. | |
| 12 | 160 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p12:body_region:1 | p12:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 322.57, 253.39, 49.21] | The BET results further indicate that pore volume does not vary monotonically with Ni/Mn ratio. Instead, L-NM 35 combines the smallest clustered-particle size, intermediate surface area, and favorable pore/connectivity … | The BET results further indicate that pore volume does not vary monotonically with Ni/Mn ratio. Instead, L-NM 35 combines the smallest clustered-particle size, intermediate surface area, and favorable pore/connectivity … | |
| 12 | 161 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p12:body_region:1 | p12:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 374.9, 253.42, 112.98] | The Nyquist/Bode plots in Fig. 8 are used to compare the impedance spectral features and fitted response of the three electrodes. Because the BET surface area differs significantly among samples, the fitted resistance p… | The Nyquist/Bode plots in Fig. 8 are used to compare the impedance spectral features and fitted response of the three electrodes. Because the BET surface area differs significantly among samples, the fitted resistance p… | |
| 12 | 162 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p12:body_region:1 | p12:front_matter:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 491.06, 253.41, 164.24] | The structural and electrochemical evidence therefore converge on the same interpretation: insufficient monoclinic activation and less favorable kinetics limit L-NM 26, whereas excessive Ni content in L-NM 44 increases … | The structural and electrochemical evidence therefore converge on the same interpretation: insufficient monoclinic activation and less favorable kinetics limit L-NM 26, whereas excessive Ni content in L-NM 44 increases … | |
| 12 | 163 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p12:body_region:1 | p12:body_zone:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 668.9, 54.33, 7.31] | 4. Conclusion | 4. Conclusion | |
| 12 | 164 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p12:body_region:1 | p12:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.6, 689.82, 253.43, 49.15] | A Co-free Li-rich layered cathode series was successfully synthesized by tuning the Ni/Mn molar ratio using an α -MnOOH sacrificial template. Among the investigated compositions, Li1.2Ni0.3Mn0.5O2 (Ni/Mn = 0.6) delivere… | A Co-free Li-rich layered cathode series was successfully synthesized by tuning the Ni/Mn molar ratio using an α -MnOOH sacrificial template. Among the investigated compositions, Li1.2Ni0.3Mn0.5O2 (Ni/Mn = 0.6) delivere… | |
| 12 | 165 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p12:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [294.42, 754.46, 7.18, 10.42] | 12 | 12 | ||
| 13 | 166 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p13:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [433.38, 33.66, 124.91, 10.42] | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | ||
| 13 | 167 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p13:body_region:0 | p13:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 36.99, 464.67, 5.85] | H.D. Agudelo et al. | H.D. Agudelo et al. | |
| 13 | 168 | caption | caption | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p13:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 423.3, 522.18, 65.74] | Fig. 8. The electrochemical impedance of samples L-NM 26 (black color), L-NM 35 (green color) and L-NM 44 (red color) at a charge constant current of 20 mA g 1 (1C = 200 mA g 1 ) for 4h and comparative electrochemical i… | Fig. 8. The electrochemical impedance of samples L-NM 26 (black color), L-NM 35 (green color) and L-NM 44 (red color) at a charge constant current of 20 mA g 1 (1C = 200 mA g 1 ) for 4h and comparative electrochemical i… | ||
| 13 | 169 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p13:body_region:0 | p13:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 502.14, 253.45, 115.22] | operation and 256.05 mAh g 1 under constant-current/constant-voltage (CCCV) operation, together with > 96.71% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 20 mA g 1 . This improved performance is attributed to an optimized ba… | operation and 256.05 mAh g 1 under constant-current/constant-voltage (CCCV) operation, together with > 96.71% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 20 mA g 1 . This improved performance is attributed to an optimized ba… | |
| 13 | 170 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p13:body_region:0 | p13:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 620.49, 253.41, 80.56] | Structural analysis indicates that increasing Ni/Mn enriches the rhombohedral component in Ni while redistributing Mn toward the monoclinic Li2MnO3-like domains, thereby modifying phase fraction and local bonding enviro… | Structural analysis indicates that increasing Ni/Mn enriches the rhombohedral component in Ni while redistributing Mn toward the monoclinic Li2MnO3-like domains, thereby modifying phase fraction and local bonding enviro… | |
| 13 | 171 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 704.16, 253.43, 38.72] | Overall, this study demonstrates a viable design strategy for cobaltfree Li-rich layered cathodes that combine high reversible capacity, competitive C-rate capability, and good cycling stability, supporting their potent… | Overall, this study demonstrates a viable design strategy for cobaltfree Li-rich layered cathodes that combine high reversible capacity, competitive C-rate capability, and good cycling stability, supporting their potent… | |
| 13 | 172 | section_header | back_matter_heading | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p13:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 504.32, 161.94, 7.31] | CRediT authorship contribution statement | CRediT authorship contribution statement | ||
| 13 | 173 | text | back_matter_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p13:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 524.74, 253.4, 49.65] | H ´ ector D. Agudelo: Investigation, Methodology, Writing -original draft. Ferley A. V ´ asquez: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing -review & editing. Jorge A. Calder ´ on: Conceptualization, Forma… | H ´ ector D. Agudelo: Investigation, Methodology, Writing -original draft. Ferley A. V ´ asquez: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing -review & editing. Jorge A. Calder ´ on: Conceptualization, Forma… | ||
| 13 | 174 | section_header | back_matter_heading | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p13:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 589.31, 128.59, 7.31] | Declaration of competing interest | Declaration of competing interest | ||
| 13 | 175 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p13:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 610.22, 253.42, 28.23] | The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. | The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. | ||
| 13 | 176 | section_header | back_matter_heading | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p13:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 652.4, 73.84, 7.31] | Acknowledgements | Acknowledgements | ||
| 13 | 177 | text | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p13:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.59, 673.32, 253.42, 70.07] | H. Agudelo expresses gratitude to the Faculty of Engineering at the Technological University of Choc ´ o for facilitating participation in the project and supporting the doctoral training program at the University of An… | H. Agudelo expresses gratitude to the Faculty of Engineering at the Technological University of Choc ´ o for facilitating participation in the project and supporting the doctoral training program at the University of An… | ||
| 13 | 178 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p13:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [294.42, 754.46, 7.18, 10.42] | 13 | 13 | ||
| 14 | 179 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p14:top_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [433.38, 33.66, 124.91, 10.42] | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | Journal of Power Sources 689 (2026) 240754 | ||
| 14 | 180 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p14:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 37.0, 464.67, 5.85] | H.D. Agudelo et al. | H.D. Agudelo et al. | ||
| 14 | 181 | text | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p14:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 55.48, 253.44, 90.99] | Scientific Capacities for Research on Infrastructure Deterioration Processes in Renewable Energy Systems in the Department of Choc ´ o" (BPIN: 2020000100330), carried out by the Technological University of Choc ´ o and … | Scientific Capacities for Research on Infrastructure Deterioration Processes in Renewable Energy Systems in the Department of Choc ´ o" (BPIN: 2020000100330), carried out by the Technological University of Choc ´ o and … | ||
| 14 | 182 | section_header | unknown_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p14:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 160.7, 128.62, 7.31] | Appendix A. Supplementary data | Appendix A. Supplementary data | ||
| 14 | 183 | text | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p14:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 181.62, 253.41, 17.74] | Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.240754. | Supplementary data to this article can be found online at org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.240754. | ||
| 14 | 184 | section_header | back_matter_heading | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p14:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.59, 213.03, 63.51, 7.31] | Data availability | Data availability | ||
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