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这里对齐真实图表资产提取链路。caption_source=embedded_table_cell 表示表注来自 Docling table cell,不会出现在 text block 审计差集里;caption_continuation_used_by_asset 表示某个 text block 已被图表 caption 吸收,不应按普通 metadata 解读。
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| 1 | figure | Docling Figure 1 | 1 | missing_caption | 0.55 | [314.57, 410.37, 242.33, 104.54] | |||||
| 2 | figure | Fig. 1 | 3 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [161.38, 66.05, 301.22, 412.29] | Figure 1. (a) low magni fi cation and (b) high resolution STEM-HAADF images of the PNS layer in a pristine particle. White arrows in (b) indicate ordered features along (20 -2) planes. Red arrows in (b) indicated Li-slabs being inserted heavy TM cations in the PNS layer. A [010] direction C 2/ m crystal structure is shown as inset map in (b). Green: Li; Blue: Ni; Purple: Mn; Red: O. (c) STEM-HAADF image of EDS mapping area. The particle was tilted to [010] zone and its surface facets were determined. (d) Corresponding Ni elemental mapping. (e) Line scan signal counts across the PNS layer, whose location is shown in the STEM-HAADF image; (f) Quantitative Ni/Mn atomic ratios along the line scan. The Ni/Mn ratios are around 0.35 in bulk region, which is close to the designed value 0.33. | ||||
| 3 | figure | Fig. 2 | 4 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [160.9, 64.69, 301.7, 350.7] | Figure 2. (a-d) Low magni fi cation STEM-HAADF images to show cycling induced corrosion. Cracks and pits are highlighted by red arrows. (002) surface planes show strong resistance to corrosion. e-h) [010] zone axis SAED patterns. Extra di ff raction spots appeared in cycled samples, which are highlighted by red and blue circles. Red circles indicated the formation of ordered structure. (10 -1) ordered plane is clearly seen after cycling. Blue circles come from double di ff raction. (i -l) High resolution STEM-HAADF images to show the cycling induced structure change on particle surfaces. Pristine samples (i) shows homogeneous structure from surface to bulk. Dashed lines in (j, k) highlight the thickness of the SRL. In (l), the whole areas were transformed. (m) [101] zone axis STEM-HAADF image and its fast Fourier transformation image. Blue arrows indicate the ordered features of (20 -2) planes and extra di ff raction spots. (n) [010] zone axis STEM-HAADF image to show spinel structure and I41 structure in a 45 cycled sample. | ||||
| 4 | figure | Fig. 3 | 5 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [104.5, 67.51, 412.09, 458.65] | Figure 3. (a-d) EDS mapping results from a 45 cycled LMR particle. The particle was tilted to the [010] zone axis and three surface facets were determined in (b). (e) Quantitative Ni/Mn ratios from surface and bulk positions as marked in (a); (f) line scan signal counts; (g) Quantitative Ni/ Mn atomic ratios along the line scan. The Ni/Mn ratios are around 0.26 in bulk region. (h)Low loss EELS spectra and (i) high low EELS spectra from di ff erent samples. 4.7 V bulk: spectrum collected from 4.7 V overcharged sample ' s bulk region; 100S: spectra collected from the surface of 100 cycled sample; 45S: spectra collected from the surface of 45 cycled sample; PNS: spectra collected from the Ni-rich surface of pristine sample; PS: spectra collected from pristine sample surface without Ni-rich layer; Li2O: spectrum collected from Li2O sample; Bulk: spectrum collected from pristine sample ' s bulk region. The degree of Li -K edge depression is 4.7 V bulk >100S > 45S ≈ PNS > PS. The order of Mn L3/L2 ratio is 100S > 45S > PNS ≈ PS ≈ Bulk. | ||||
| 5 | figure | Fig. 4 | 7 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [99.49, 65.21, 426.88, 349.49] | Figure 4. Comparison between experimental results and simulation results of di ff erent crystal models for the SRL from the [010] zone axis. I41 structure matches best in the four crystal models. | ||||
| 6 | figure | Fig. 5 | 7 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [142.46, 454.0, 339.52, 205.34] | Figure 5. Schematic diagram to show cycling induced surface layer evolution. At left side, the pristine particle has a C 2/ m structure and PNS layers are located at (20 -2) surface planes. After cycling, due to Ni 2+ migration from bulk to surface, Mn 2+ surface aggregation and Li + depletion in surface layer, SRL is developed on particle surface except the PNS. The structure of surface layer transforms from original C 2/ m into I41 and fi nally developed spinel structure due to progressive TM enrichment and Li depletion. I41 structure is the main phase in the SRL. |
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| 1 | 3 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | before_body_started | before_body_started | p1:body_region:0 | p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 174.05, 504.0, 46.22] | Pengfei Yan, † Anmin Nie, ‡ Jianming Zheng, § Yungang Zhou, ∥ Dongping Lu, § Xiaofeng Zhang, ⊥ Rui Xu, ⊥ Ilias Belharouak, ⊥ , ¶ Xiaotao Zu, ∥ Jie Xiao, § Khalil Amine, ⊥ Jun Liu, § Fei Gao, ○ Reza Shahbazian-Yassar, ‡ … | Pengfei Yan, † Anmin Nie, ‡ Jianming Zheng, § Yungang Zhou, ∥ Dongping Lu, § Xiaofeng Zhang, ⊥ Rui Xu, ⊥ Ilias Belharouak, ⊥ , ¶ Xiaotao Zu, ∥ Jie Xiao, § Khalil Amine, ⊥ Jun Liu, § Fei Gao, ○ Reza Shahbazian-Yassar, ‡ … | ||
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| 1 | 13 | section_header | title_candidate | False | low | non_body_heading | non_body_heading | p1:body_region:0 | p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [69.45, 385.15, 101.14, 12.62] | * S Supporting Information | * S Supporting Information | ||
| 1 | 14 | text | body | True | body | body | p1:body_region:0 | p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:colored | [255, 242, 208] colored | False | [69.45, 414.35, 237.05, 107.84] | ABSTRACT: Voltage and capacity fading of layer structured lithium and manganese rich (LMR) transition metal oxide is directly related to the structural and composition evolution of the material during the cycling of the… | ABSTRACT: Voltage and capacity fading of layer structured lithium and manganese rich (LMR) transition metal oxide is directly related to the structural and composition evolution of the material during the cycling of the… | |||
| 1 | 15 | text | body | True | body | body | p1:body_region:0 | p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:colored | [255, 242, 208] colored | False | [69.45, 524.39, 486.04, 96.79] | depletion of Ni in the bulk lattice and thickening of a Ni enriched surface reconstruction layer (SRL). Furthermore, Ni and Mn also exhibit concentration partitions within the thin layer of SRL in the cycled samples whe… | depletion of Ni in the bulk lattice and thickening of a Ni enriched surface reconstruction layer (SRL). Furthermore, Ni and Mn also exhibit concentration partitions within the thin layer of SRL in the cycled samples whe… | |||
| 1 | 16 | text | front_matter_heading | False | low | front_matter_heading | front_matter_heading | p1:body_region:0 | p1:page_body:column_1_of_2:colored | [255, 242, 208] colored | False | [69.45, 625.84, 459.96, 9.53] | KEYWORDS: lithium ion battery, LMR cathode, surface reconstruction, ion migration, voltage fading, Ni surface segregation | KEYWORDS: lithium ion battery, LMR cathode, surface reconstruction, ion migration, voltage fading, Ni surface segregation | ||
| 1 | 17 | text | body | True | body | body | p1:body_region:0 | p1:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 660.42, 239.99, 96.94] | L ithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been commercialized for more than two decades. Nowadays, driven by the demand of portable electronic device market, the next generation LIBs, featured with high capacity, high operatin… | L ithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been commercialized for more than two decades. Nowadays, driven by the demand of portable electronic device market, the next generation LIBs, featured with high capacity, high operatin… | |||
| 1 | 18 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | first_page_metadata | first_page_metadata | p1:body_region:0 | p1:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [168.49, 771.24, 95.03, 5.88] | © 2014 American Chemical Society | © 2014 American Chemical Society | ||
| 1 | 19 | text | body | True | body | body | p1:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [324.45, 656.8, 240.01, 53.05] | world. 7 -9 To date, Mn-based LiNi x Mn1 -x -y Co y O2 (NCM), Nibased LiNi1 -x -y Co x Al y O2 (NCA), and Li -Mn-rich (LMR) cathode materials are among the most promising competitors in the cathode materials. 1,10 -16 H… | world. 7 -9 To date, Mn-based LiNi x Mn1 -x -y Co y O2 (NCM), Nibased LiNi1 -x -y Co x Al y O2 (NCA), and Li -Mn-rich (LMR) cathode materials are among the most promising competitors in the cathode materials. 1,10 -16 H… | ||||
| 1 | 20 | text | metadata | False | low | first_page_metadata | first_page_metadata | p1:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [367.99, 727.13, 57.04, 7.92] | October 7, 2014 | October 7, 2014 | |||
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| 1 | 25 | text | metadata | False | low | first_page_metadata | first_page_metadata | p1:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [324.45, 749.27, 37.75, 7.77] | Published: | Published: | |||
| 1 | 26 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | first_page_metadata | first_page_metadata | p1:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [411.19, 769.98, 153.29, 7.74] | dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl5038598 | Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 514 -522 | dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl5038598 | Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 514 -522 | |||
| 1 | 27 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | docling_page_footer | docling_page_footer | p1:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.48, 770.73, 11.95, 6.54] | 514 | 514 | |||
| 2 | 28 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p2:body_region:0 | p2:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 48.93, 55.9, 8.72] | Nano Letters | Nano Letters | ||
| 2 | 29 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:0 | p2:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 69.37, 240.0, 229.79] | these cathode materials faces many challenges. For example, LMR cathode still su ff ered from voltage fading, capacity decay, cycling instability, and poor rate capability. Structurally, these three groups of cathode ma… | these cathode materials faces many challenges. For example, LMR cathode still su ff ered from voltage fading, capacity decay, cycling instability, and poor rate capability. Structurally, these three groups of cathode ma… | |||
| 2 | 30 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:0 | p2:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 301.36, 239.99, 251.9] | Although the common features of SRL have been well recognized as mentioned above, it is still far from clear on the fundamental mechanism behind the formation and evolution SRL during the cycling process. It has been re… | Although the common features of SRL have been well recognized as mentioned above, it is still far from clear on the fundamental mechanism behind the formation and evolution SRL during the cycling process. It has been re… | |||
| 2 | 31 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:0 | p2:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 555.52, 240.0, 207.68] | In this work, using aberration-corrected scanning/transmission electron microscopes (S/TEM) equipped with high angle annular dark fi eld/annular bright fi eld (HAADF/ABF) detectors, advanced energy dispersive X-ray spec… | In this work, using aberration-corrected scanning/transmission electron microscopes (S/TEM) equipped with high angle annular dark fi eld/annular bright fi eld (HAADF/ABF) detectors, advanced energy dispersive X-ray spec… | |||
| 2 | 32 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p2:body_region:1 | p2:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored | [238, 164, 167] colored | True | [537.96, 49.99, 19.47, 7.35] | Letter | Letter | ||
| 2 | 33 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:1 | p2:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [324.45, 69.37, 240.04, 53.02] | of Ni ions in the electrolyte. Meanwhile, structural evolution is observed and identi fi ed as a sequential phase transition of C 2/ m → I 41 → spinel. The present work provides new insights as how structural and chemic… | of Ni ions in the electrolyte. Meanwhile, structural evolution is observed and identi fi ed as a sequential phase transition of C 2/ m → I 41 → spinel. The present work provides new insights as how structural and chemic… | |||
| 2 | 34 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:1 | p2:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [324.45, 124.59, 240.02, 274.02] | The LMR was synthesized by a coprecipitation process. Nickel sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO4 · 6H2O), manganese sulfate monohydrate (MnSO4 · H2O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and ammonium hydroxide (NH3 · H2O) were used as the … | The LMR was synthesized by a coprecipitation process. Nickel sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO4 · 6H2O), manganese sulfate monohydrate (MnSO4 · H2O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and ammonium hydroxide (NH3 · H2O) were used as the … | |||
| 2 | 35 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:1 | p2:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [324.45, 400.8, 240.03, 329.23] | Following the cycling of the battery, the obtained electrode was fi rst immersed in DMC for 12 h and then washed by DMC for three times and dried in vacuum for 12h. The electrode were peeled o ff from the Al-foil and gr… | Following the cycling of the battery, the obtained electrode was fi rst immersed in DMC for 12 h and then washed by DMC for three times and dried in vacuum for 12h. The electrode were peeled o ff from the Al-foil and gr… | |||
| 2 | 36 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:1 | p2:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [324.45, 732.28, 240.05, 30.91] | Computer simulations of electron di ff ractions and HRTEM images were conducted by using JEMS software. For di ff ractions, sample thickness is 60 nm. For HRTEM images, | Computer simulations of electron di ff ractions and HRTEM images were conducted by using JEMS software. For di ff ractions, sample thickness is 60 nm. For HRTEM images, | |||
| 2 | 37 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | docling_page_footer | docling_page_footer | p2:body_region:1 | p2:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [411.19, 773.27, 153.29, 7.74] | dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl5038598 | Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 514 -522 | dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl5038598 | Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 514 -522 | ||
| 2 | 38 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | docling_page_footer | docling_page_footer | p2:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.48, 774.02, 11.95, 6.54] | 515 | 515 | |||
| 3 | 39 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p3:body_region:0 | p3:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 48.93, 55.9, 8.72] | Nano Letters | Nano Letters | ||
| 3 | 40 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p3:body_region:1 | p3:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored | [238, 164, 167] colored | True | [537.96, 49.99, 19.47, 7.35] | Letter | Letter | ||
| 3 | 41 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 488.68, 503.97, 57.93] | Figure 1. (a) low magni fi cation and (b) high resolution STEM-HAADF images of the PNS layer in a pristine particle. White arrows in (b) indicate ordered features along (20 -2) planes. Red arrows in (b) indicated Li-sla… | Figure 1. (a) low magni fi cation and (b) high resolution STEM-HAADF images of the PNS layer in a pristine particle. White arrows in (b) indicate ordered features along (20 -2) planes. Red arrows in (b) indicated Li-sla… | |||
| 3 | 42 | text | body | True | body | body | p3:body_region:0 | p3:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 559.6, 240.01, 100.59] | the microscope parameters Cc and Cs are 1.2 mm and 0.7 mm, respectively. The STEM-HAADF simulations were conducted by the multislice method implanted in the Kirkland code. 38,39 For all the structures calculated in this… | the microscope parameters Cc and Cs are 1.2 mm and 0.7 mm, respectively. The STEM-HAADF simulations were conducted by the multislice method implanted in the Kirkland code. 38,39 For all the structures calculated in this… | |||
| 3 | 43 | text | body | True | body | body | p3:body_region:0 | p3:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 662.61, 240.01, 100.59] | Li2MnO3 and LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 are two well-studied cathode materials. The former adopts monoclinic C 2/ m structure and the latter has an R 3 ̅ m layered structure. Because Li 1.2 Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 can be expressed as (50%Li2Mn… | Li2MnO3 and LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 are two well-studied cathode materials. The former adopts monoclinic C 2/ m structure and the latter has an R 3 ̅ m layered structure. Because Li 1.2 Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 can be expressed as (50%Li2Mn… | |||
| 3 | 44 | text | body | True | body | body | p3:body_region:1 | p3:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [324.45, 559.06, 240.04, 204.14] | cathode particles exhibit a C 2/ m symmetry (see Figure S1 and S2 in the Supporting Information). Compared with ideal C 2/ m Li 2 MnO3 structure, due to more transition metal (TM) cations being incorporated, disordered … | cathode particles exhibit a C 2/ m symmetry (see Figure S1 and S2 in the Supporting Information). Compared with ideal C 2/ m Li 2 MnO3 structure, due to more transition metal (TM) cations being incorporated, disordered … | |||
| 3 | 45 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | docling_page_footer | docling_page_footer | p3:body_region:1 | p3:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [411.19, 773.27, 153.29, 7.74] | dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl5038598 | Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 514 -522 | dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl5038598 | Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 514 -522 | ||
| 3 | 46 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | docling_page_footer | docling_page_footer | p3:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.48, 774.02, 11.95, 6.54] | 516 | 516 | |||
| 4 | 47 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p4:body_region:0 | p4:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 48.93, 55.9, 8.72] | Nano Letters | Nano Letters | ||
| 4 | 48 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p4:body_region:1 | p4:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored | [238, 164, 167] colored | True | [537.96, 49.99, 19.47, 7.35] | Letter | Letter | ||
| 4 | 49 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p4:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 426.09, 503.98, 77.89] | Figure 2. (a-d) Low magni fi cation STEM-HAADF images to show cycling induced corrosion. Cracks and pits are highlighted by red arrows. (002) surface planes show strong resistance to corrosion. e-h) [010] zone axis SAED… | Figure 2. (a-d) Low magni fi cation STEM-HAADF images to show cycling induced corrosion. Cracks and pits are highlighted by red arrows. (002) surface planes show strong resistance to corrosion. e-h) [010] zone axis SAED… | |||
| 4 | 50 | text | back_matter_heading | False | low | back_matter_heading | back_matter_heading | stop_trigger | p4:body_region:0 | p4:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 513.6, 239.99, 249.6] | Supporting Information Figure S3. Figure 1 (c -f) and Supporting Information Figure S4 show elemental distribution captured by EDS mapping of a pristine particle. In Figure 1c, the particle was tilted to [010] zone axis… | Supporting Information Figure S3. Figure 1 (c -f) and Supporting Information Figure S4 show elemental distribution captured by EDS mapping of a pristine particle. In Figure 1c, the particle was tilted to [010] zone axis… | |
| 4 | 51 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p4:body_region:1 | p4:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [324.45, 516.54, 240.03, 246.66] | Cycling induced structural change. In this section, we discuss the structural evolution of the particle upon cyclic charge and discharge. Supporting Information Figure S5 shows the fi rst charge/discharge cycle and capa… | Cycling induced structural change. In this section, we discuss the structural evolution of the particle upon cyclic charge and discharge. Supporting Information Figure S5 shows the fi rst charge/discharge cycle and capa… | |
| 4 | 52 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p4:body_region:1 | p4:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [411.19, 773.27, 153.29, 7.74] | dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl5038598 | Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 514 -522 | dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl5038598 | Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 514 -522 | |
| 4 | 53 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p4:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.48, 774.02, 11.95, 6.54] | 517 | 517 | ||
| 5 | 54 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p5:body_region:0 | p5:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 48.93, 55.9, 8.72] | Nano Letters | Nano Letters | |
| 5 | 55 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p5:body_region:1 | p5:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored | [238, 164, 167] colored | True | [537.96, 49.99, 19.47, 7.35] | Letter | Letter | |
| 5 | 56 | caption | caption | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 535.74, 503.99, 78.59] | Figure 3. (a-d) EDS mapping results from a 45 cycled LMR particle. The particle was tilted to the [010] zone axis and three surface facets were determined in (b). (e) Quantitative Ni/Mn ratios from surface and bulk posi… | Figure 3. (a-d) EDS mapping results from a 45 cycled LMR particle. The particle was tilted to the [010] zone axis and three surface facets were determined in (b). (e) Quantitative Ni/Mn ratios from surface and bulk posi… | ||
| 5 | 57 | text | unknown_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p5:body_region:0 | p5:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 624.7, 240.0, 22.39] | surface layer ' s both structural and composition evolution upon cycling. | surface layer ' s both structural and composition evolution upon cycling. | |
| 5 | 58 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p5:body_region:0 | p5:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 649.57, 240.0, 113.63] | Upon cycling, the most discernible change of the LMR particle is the formation of a surface reconstruction layer (SRL), as representatively shown by the STEM-HAADF images in Figure 2j -n and HRTEM images in Supporting I… | Upon cycling, the most discernible change of the LMR particle is the formation of a surface reconstruction layer (SRL), as representatively shown by the STEM-HAADF images in Figure 2j -n and HRTEM images in Supporting I… | |
| 5 | 59 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p5:body_region:1 | p5:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [324.45, 623.24, 240.03, 140.69] | SAED patterns. As shown in Figure 2e -h, compared with pristine sample, cycled samples show extra spots (highlighted by red and blue circles). The blue circles indicate double di ff raction spots. The stronger double di… | SAED patterns. As shown in Figure 2e -h, compared with pristine sample, cycled samples show extra spots (highlighted by red and blue circles). The blue circles indicate double di ff raction spots. The stronger double di… | |
| 5 | 60 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p5:body_region:1 | p5:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [411.19, 773.27, 153.29, 7.74] | dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl5038598 | Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 514 -522 | dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl5038598 | Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 514 -522 | |
| 5 | 61 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p5:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.48, 774.02, 11.95, 6.54] | 518 | 518 | ||
| 6 | 62 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:0 | p6:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 48.93, 55.9, 8.72] | Nano Letters | Nano Letters | |
| 6 | 63 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:0 | p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 69.37, 240.0, 141.41] | (marked by blue arrows) due to the structural ordering. Thus, the SRL structure is actually an ordered structure, which means extra ordering was introduced during cycling as compared with pristine layered structure. It … | (marked by blue arrows) due to the structural ordering. Thus, the SRL structure is actually an ordered structure, which means extra ordering was introduced during cycling as compared with pristine layered structure. It … | |
| 6 | 64 | text | back_matter_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:0 | p6:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 212.55, 240.0, 528.54] | Cycling induced chemical composition change. The chemical compositions of the LMR particles after cycling were mapped by using the high e ffi cient EDS spectrometer (Figure 3a -d). In order to compare the structural and… | Cycling induced chemical composition change. The chemical compositions of the LMR particles after cycling were mapped by using the high e ffi cient EDS spectrometer (Figure 3a -d). In order to compare the structural and… | |
| 6 | 65 | text | unknown_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:0 | p6:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 743.34, 239.95, 19.86] | Compared with the PNS layer, the cycling induced SRL presents three clear di ff erences. First, the SRL occurred on all | Compared with the PNS layer, the cycling induced SRL presents three clear di ff erences. First, the SRL occurred on all | |
| 6 | 66 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:1 | p6:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored | [238, 164, 167] colored | True | [537.96, 49.99, 19.47, 7.35] | Letter | Letter | |
| 6 | 67 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:1 | p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [324.45, 66.0, 240.04, 78.45] | surface, while the PNS layer only formed on the (20 -2) surface. Second, the outside edge of the SRL is Ni-poor, while the outside edge of the PNS layer has the highest Ni content. The third di ff erence is that the thi… | surface, while the PNS layer only formed on the (20 -2) surface. Second, the outside edge of the SRL is Ni-poor, while the outside edge of the PNS layer has the highest Ni content. The third di ff erence is that the thi… | |
| 6 | 68 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:1 | p6:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [324.45, 146.7, 240.04, 329.24] | In accordance with the quantitative measurement of the TM elements (Mn and Ni) in the SRL and the PNS layer of both pristine and cycled samples, the Li concentration of these samples was also measured using EELS. The EE… | In accordance with the quantitative measurement of the TM elements (Mn and Ni) in the SRL and the PNS layer of both pristine and cycled samples, the Li concentration of these samples was also measured using EELS. The EE… | |
| 6 | 69 | text | back_matter_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:1 | p6:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [324.45, 477.7, 240.04, 285.5] | Structure modeling of the SRL. In the literature, the structure of the SRL has been assigned to rock salt, 5,20,35 disordered rock salt 2 and spinel (including disordered-spinel/ spinel-like). 10,21,23 However, as shown… | Structure modeling of the SRL. In the literature, the structure of the SRL has been assigned to rock salt, 5,20,35 disordered rock salt 2 and spinel (including disordered-spinel/ spinel-like). 10,21,23 However, as shown… | |
| 6 | 70 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:body_region:1 | p6:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [411.19, 773.27, 153.29, 7.74] | dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl5038598 | Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 514 -522 | dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl5038598 | Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 514 -522 | |
| 6 | 71 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p6:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.48, 774.02, 11.95, 6.54] | 519 | 519 | ||
| 7 | 72 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p7:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 48.93, 55.9, 8.72] | Nano Letters | Nano Letters | ||
| 7 | 73 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p7:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored | [238, 164, 167] colored | True | [537.96, 49.99, 19.47, 7.35] | Letter | Letter | ||
| 7 | 74 | caption | caption | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 427.51, 503.95, 17.9] | Figure 4. Comparison between experimental results and simulation results of di ff erent crystal models for the SRL from the [010] zone axis. I41 structure matches best in the four crystal models. | Figure 4. Comparison between experimental results and simulation results of di ff erent crystal models for the SRL from the [010] zone axis. I41 structure matches best in the four crystal models. | ||
| 7 | 75 | caption | caption | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p7:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 668.71, 503.98, 38.4] | Figure 5. Schematic diagram to show cycling induced surface layer evolution. At left side, the pristine particle has a C 2/ m structure and PNS layers are located at (20 -2) surface planes. After cycling, due to Ni 2+ m… | Figure 5. Schematic diagram to show cycling induced surface layer evolution. At left side, the pristine particle has a C 2/ m structure and PNS layers are located at (20 -2) surface planes. After cycling, due to Ni 2+ m… | ||
| 7 | 76 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p7:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 720.04, 239.95, 43.16] | matching with experimental results. In Supporting Information Figure S11, we also compare the pristine and cycled samples (100s) from [100] zone axis, which also indicates the SRL has an I41 structure. It should be poin… | matching with experimental results. In Supporting Information Figure S11, we also compare the pristine and cycled samples (100s) from [100] zone axis, which also indicates the SRL has an I41 structure. It should be poin… | ||
| 7 | 77 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p7:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [324.45, 720.04, 240.01, 43.16] | varies across the SRL from outer surface to inner layer, therefore, an average composition value was chosen to de fi ne the SRL composition. | varies across the SRL from outer surface to inner layer, therefore, an average composition value was chosen to de fi ne the SRL composition. | ||
| 7 | 78 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p7:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [411.19, 773.27, 153.29, 7.74] | dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl5038598 | Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 514 -522 | dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl5038598 | Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 514 -522 | ||
| 7 | 79 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p7:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [254, 254, 254] white | False | [306.48, 774.02, 11.95, 6.54] | 520 | 520 | ||
| 8 | 80 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p8:body_region:0 | p8:top_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 48.93, 55.9, 8.72] | Nano Letters | Nano Letters | |
| 8 | 81 | text | back_matter_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p8:body_region:0 | p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 69.37, 240.0, 153.63] | Above experimental observation is also consistently supported by the density functional theory (DFT) calculation of the lattice energy, which indicates that the I41 has the lowest lattice energy. In order to understand … | Above experimental observation is also consistently supported by the density functional theory (DFT) calculation of the lattice energy, which indicates that the I41 has the lowest lattice energy. In order to understand … | |
| 8 | 82 | text | back_matter_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p8:body_region:0 | p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 224.03, 240.0, 240.85] | Depending on the Li, TM and O composition, di ff erent phases can be formed. For example, Li2MnO3 adopts a monoclinic C 2/ m structure; LiMnO2 and Li(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O2 adopt the trigonal R 3 ̅ m structure; LiMn2O4 adopts a … | Depending on the Li, TM and O composition, di ff erent phases can be formed. For example, Li2MnO3 adopts a monoclinic C 2/ m structure; LiMnO2 and Li(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O2 adopt the trigonal R 3 ̅ m structure; LiMn2O4 adopts a … | |
| 8 | 83 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p8:body_region:0 | p8:page_body:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 467.13, 239.98, 186.73] | Overall, upon continuous cycling of the battery, a progressive TM enrichment and Li depletion process is undergoing at the surface of LMR particles, leading to the formation of SRL. Structurally, in accordance with the … | Overall, upon continuous cycling of the battery, a progressive TM enrichment and Li depletion process is undergoing at the surface of LMR particles, leading to the formation of SRL. Structurally, in accordance with the … | |
| 8 | 84 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p8:body_region:0 | p8:bottom_margin:column_1_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 654.9, 239.99, 108.3] | It has been generally accepted that the voltage fading and capacity decaying are in some degrees directly correlated with the formation of the SRL on the particle. On the other hand, it is also speculated that related t… | It has been generally accepted that the voltage fading and capacity decaying are in some degrees directly correlated with the formation of the SRL on the particle. On the other hand, it is also speculated that related t… | |
| 8 | 85 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p8:body_region:1 | p8:top_margin:column_2_of_2:colored | [238, 164, 167] colored | True | [537.96, 49.99, 19.47, 7.35] | Letter | Letter | |
| 8 | 86 | text | back_matter_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p8:body_region:1 | p8:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [324.45, 69.37, 240.04, 335.76] | indeed correlated to the SRL on the surface of each particle. This conclusion is supported by the following points. (1) Gradual migration of Ni from bulk lattice to the surface will lead to gradual depletion of Ni from … | indeed correlated to the SRL on the surface of each particle. This conclusion is supported by the following points. (1) Gradual migration of Ni from bulk lattice to the surface will lead to gradual depletion of Ni from … | |
| 8 | 87 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p8:body_region:1 | p8:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [324.45, 407.44, 240.04, 268.06] | In summary, pristine and cycled LMR cathode materials were investigated by advanced microscopes. For the pristine LMR particles, Ni-segregation surface layer are always found at (20 -2) facets. After cycling, LMR partic… | In summary, pristine and cycled LMR cathode materials were investigated by advanced microscopes. For the pristine LMR particles, Ni-segregation surface layer are always found at (20 -2) facets. After cycling, LMR partic… | |
| 8 | 88 | section_header | unknown_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p8:body_region:1 | p8:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [324.45, 680.04, 121.77, 23.65] | ■ ASSOCIATED CONTENT | ■ ASSOCIATED CONTENT | |
| 8 | 89 | section_header | unknown_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p8:body_region:1 | p8:page_body:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [324.45, 705.69, 113.4, 12.62] | * S Supporting Information | * S Supporting Information | |
| 8 | 90 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p8:body_region:1 | p8:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [324.45, 720.55, 240.0, 42.65] | Additional XRD pattern, electrochemical data, TEM images and fi gures are supplied in the Supporting Information. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http:// pubs.acs.org. | Additional XRD pattern, electrochemical data, TEM images and fi gures are supplied in the Supporting Information. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http:// pubs.acs.org. | |
| 8 | 91 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p8:body_region:1 | p8:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [411.19, 773.27, 153.29, 7.74] | dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl5038598 | Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 514 -522 | dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl5038598 | Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 514 -522 | |
| 8 | 92 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p8:bottom_margin:column_2_of_2:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [306.48, 774.02, 11.95, 6.54] | 521 | 521 | ||
| 9 | 93 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 48.93, 55.9, 8.72] | Nano Letters | Nano Letters | |
| 9 | 94 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p9:top_margin:right:colored | [238, 164, 167] colored | True | [537.96, 49.99, 19.47, 7.35] | Letter | Letter | ||
| 9 | 95 | section_header | unknown_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 58.18, 125.07, 23.65] | ■ AUTHOR INFORMATION | ■ AUTHOR INFORMATION | |
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| 9 | 97 | section_header | metadata | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 84.08, 97.03, 8.29] | Corresponding Authors | Corresponding Authors | |
| 9 | 98 | list_item | metadata | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 92.47, 130.11, 12.07] | E-mail: Jiguang.zhang@pnnl.gov. | E-mail: Jiguang.zhang@pnnl.gov. | |
| 9 | 99 | list_item | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p9:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [324.45, 89.0, 239.98, 18.61] | Jarvis, K. A.; Deng, Z. Q.; Allard, L. F.; Manthiram, A.; Ferreira, P. J. Chem. Mater. 2011 , 23 , 3614 -3621. | Jarvis, K. A.; Deng, Z. Q.; Allard, L. F.; Manthiram, A.; Ferreira, P. J. Chem. Mater. 2011 , 23 , 3614 -3621. | ||
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| 9 | 101 | section_header | unknown_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 120.36, 23.72, 8.29] | Notes | Notes | |
| 9 | 102 | list_item | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p9:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [324.45, 109.01, 239.98, 18.07] | Lin, F.; Markus, I. M.; Nordlund, D.; Weng, T. C.; Asta, M. D.; Xin, H. L.; Doeff, M. M. Nat. Commun. 2014 , 5 , 3529. | Lin, F.; Markus, I. M.; Nordlund, D.; Weng, T. C.; Asta, M. D.; Xin, H. L.; Doeff, M. M. Nat. Commun. 2014 , 5 , 3529. | ||
| 9 | 103 | text | unknown_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [60.49, 132.02, 201.38, 8.8] | The authors declare no competing fi nancial interest. | The authors declare no competing fi nancial interest. | |
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