这里是差集：Docling 全量解析 text block 减去最终会进入正文的 block。优先人工检查 risk=high / medium。
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这些框显示被排除块，同时叠加真实图表资产框。青色虚线表示该 text block 被图表资产 caption 吸收；红色 STOP 是截断触发点，红色框是截断后被排除的块。
这是实际图表资产输出，不是审计层重新推断。
| # | type | label | page | caption source | suppressed | duplicate reason | rescue reason | group | confidence | bbox | caption |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | figure | Fig. 1 | 3 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [166.16, 278.22, 390.12, 185.15] | Figure 1. Schematic representation of the synthesis of integrated y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3 cathode materials using the citric acid assisted sol-gel method (acetate route). Figure 1. Schematic representation of the synthesis of integrated y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials using the citric acid assisted sol-gel method (acetate route). | ||||
| 2 | figure | Fig. 2 | 5 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [42.28, 123.61, 510.8, 312.53] | Figure 2. ( a ) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of integrated layered cathode materials. ( b ) XRD reflections at ca. 2 θ = 44.5°, ( c ) detailed XRD patterns in the 2 θ range 63-67°, and ( d -f ) Rietveld refinements of the as-prepared y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) prepared by the sol-gel method. Figure 2. ( a ) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of integrated layered cathode materials. ( b ) XRD reflections at ca. 2 θ = 44.5 ◦ , ( c ) detailed XRD patterns in the 2 θ range 63-67 ◦ , and ( d -f ) Rietveld refinements of the as-prepared y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) prepared by the sol-gel method. | ||||
| 3 | figure | Fig. 3 | 7 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [168.44, 208.48, 385.26, 285.89] | Figure 3. Structural properties of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 samples as a function of y (Li 2MnO3). ( a ) Evolution of the refined lattice parameters a hex and c hex using an hexagonal system. ( b ) Variation in the c/a ration and cell volume. ( c ) Variations in the R-factors. ( d ) Variation in the amount of Ni 2+ in the Li site and interslab thickness ( I (LiO2) ). | ||||
| 4 | figure | Fig. 4 | 8 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [167.56, 428.59, 338.2, 137.14] | Figure 4. ( a ) Analysis of microstrain from the full-width B at half-maximum of the XRD peaks according to Equation (1) ( b ) Evolution of the crystallite size and strain field (see Equation (1)) as a Figure 4. ( a ) Analysis of microstrain from the full-width B at half-maximum of the XRD peaks according to Equation (1) ( b ) Evolution of the crystallite size and strain field (see Equation (1)) as a function of Li2 MnO3 content ( y ). | ||||
| 5 | figure | Fig. 5 | 9 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [92.61, 206.39, 409.44, 334.86] | Figure 5. SEM images at magnifications of 10 k and 50 k and particle-size distribution of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 powders: ( a -c ) for y = 0.0 (LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ), ( d -f ) for y = 0.3 (Li 1.134 Ni 0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O2), and ( g -i ) for y = 0.5 (Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 ). | ||||
| 6 | figure | Fig. 6 | 10 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [94.79, 276.34, 405.08, 329.84] | Figure 6. TEM( a , d , g ), HRTEM ( b , e , h ), and SAED ( c , f , i ) images of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 powders: ( a -c ) for y = 0.0 (LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ), ( d -f ) for y = 0.3 (Li 1.134 Ni 0.2 Co0.2 Mn0.466 O2 ), and ( g -i ) for y = 0.5 (Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 ). | ||||
| 7 | figure | Fig. 7 | 11 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [69.58, 207.66, 455.02, 286.14] | Figure 7. ( a -c ) EDX spectra and ( d ) comparison between theoretical and experimental values for 3D elements of prepared y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. Figure 7. ( a -c ) EDX spectra and ( d ) comparison between theoretical and experimental values for 3D elements of prepared y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. | ||||
| 8 | figure | Fig. 8 | 12 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [168.68, 194.21, 320.55, 252.13] | Figure 8. ( a -c ) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms for y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. ( d ) Variation in specific surface area and pore volume as function of y (Li2MnO3). Figure 8. ( a -c ) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms for y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. ( d ) Variation in specific surface area and pore volume as function of y (Li2 MnO3). | ||||
| 9 | figure | Fig. 9 | 13 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [167.15, 445.95, 353.17, 287.91] | Figure 9. Raman scattering spectra of integrated y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 powders: ( a ) y = 0.0, ( b ) y = 0.3, ( c ) y = 0.5. ( d ) Frequency shift in the A 1g and E g modes against the composition. Figure 9. Raman scattering spectra of integrated y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 powders: ( a ) y = 0.0, ( b ) y = 0.3, ( c ) y = 0.5. ( d ) Frequency shift in the A 1g and E g modes against the composition. | ||||
| 10 | figure | Fig. 10 | 15 | nearby_text_caption | 0.82 | [167.04, 425.88, 385.23, 302.32] | Figure 10. Galvanostatic charge-discharge capacity curves recorded at C/10 rate in potential range 2.0-4.8 V vs. Li + /Li for ( a ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, ( b ) Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O, ( c ) Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 until 5 cycles, ( d ) Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 over 100 cycles. Figure 10. Galvanostatic charge-discharge capacity curves recorded at C/10 rate in potential range 2.0-4.8 V vs. Li + /Li for ( a ) LiNi1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 , ( b ) Li1.134 Ni 0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O, ( c ) Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O 2 until 5 cycles, ( d ) Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O 2 over 100 cycles. | ||||
| 11 | figure | Fig. 11 | 18 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [168.21, 73.65, 384.91, 288.72] | Figure 11. Differential capacity (-d Q /d V ) vs. V plots for ( a ) y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 e trodes at first cycle, ( b ) pristine LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, ( c ) Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O2, and Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 at 1st and 100th cycles. Figure 11. Differential capacity ( -d Q /d V ) vs. V plots for ( a ) y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 electrodes at first cycle, ( b ) pristine LiNi1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 , ( c ) Li1.134 Ni 0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O2, and ( d ) Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O 2 at 1st and 100th cycles. | ||||
| 12 | figure | Fig. 12 | 19 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [77.11, 74.24, 440.2, 168.23] | Figure 12. ( a ) Cycling performance at C /10 rate and ( b ) rate capability for y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 electrodes. Figure 12. ( a ) Cycling performance at C /10 rate and ( b ) rate capability for y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 electrodes. | ||||
| 13 | figure | Fig. 13 | 21 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [167.62, 250.02, 333.51, 338.71] | Figure 13. EIS measurements ( Z ′′ vs. Z ′ plots) of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ( y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) electrodes: ( a ) Fresh electrodes, ( b ) after 50 cycles at a 0.1C rate, ( c ) equivalent model circuit. Plots of the real part of the impedance vs. ω -1/2 for ( d ) fresh electrodes and ( e ) after 100 cycles. | ||||
| 14 | figure | Fig. 14 | 24 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [168.12, 75.28, 359.46, 149.48] | Figure 14. Area-specific impedance (ASI) of parent and y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 ( y =0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) as a function of depth of discharge (DOD): ( a ) fresh cell and ( b ) after 100 cycles. Figure 14. Area-specific impedance (ASI) of parent and y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn1/3O2 ( y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) as a function of depth of discharge (DOD): ( a ) fresh cell and ( b ) after 100 cycles. | ||||
| 15 | table | Table 1 | 2 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [35.09, 600.89, 524.0, 58.97] | Table 1. Formulation of stoichiometric Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides studied in this work. | ||||
| 16 | table | Table 2 | 6 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [34.7, 117.65, 524.54, 359.36] | Table 2. Structural parameters obtained from Rietveld refinements of X-ray diffractograms of integrated y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 layered oxides synthesized by citric acid-assisted sol-gel method. | ||||
| 17 | table | Table 3 | 11 | nearby_text_caption | 0.82 | [34.9, 575.59, 524.42, 186.19] | Table 3. Rietveld and EDX analysis of Ni, Co, and Mn in the y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 composite powders in atomic percent (at. %) ratio of elements. Table 3. Rietveld and EDX analysis of Ni, Co, and Mn in the y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 composite powders in atomic percent (at. %) ratio of elements. | ||||
| 18 | table | Table 4 | 13 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [165.61, 125.85, 393.39, 83.72] | Table 4. BET results and pore structure parameters for y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 powders. | ||||
| 19 | table | Table 5 | 16 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [165.2, 115.71, 394.29, 283.88] | Table 5. Theoretical charge, discharge-specific capacities, irreversible capacities (IRs), and Coulombic efficiency (CE) of corresponding components in y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 based on mass ratio of electrode material compared with observed values corresponding to individual stage. | ||||
| 20 | table | Table 6 | 22 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [34.66, 286.03, 524.8, 197.76] | Table 6. Fitting results of Nyquist plots for the y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 ( y =0.0, 0.3 and 0.5) electrodes before cycling and after 100 cycles. |
| risk | page | order | label | role | reason | parser reason | production usage | trunc | body region | region | bg | bbox | raw text | cleaned text |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| high | 19 | 338 | text | unknown_text | inside_front_matter | inside_front_matter | p19:body_region:0 | p19:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [174.68, 21.16, 371.58, 8.59] | all cyclability of the cathode materials. The Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 electrode, with its high | all cyclability of the cathode materials. The Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 electrode, with its high | ||
| high | 19 | 344 | text | body_candidate_excluded | inside_front_matter | inside_front_matter | p19:body_region:0 | p19:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [165.97, 286.12, 394.96, 462.37] | Figure 12b illustrates the rate capability of the y Li₂MnO₃∙(1y )LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O₂ electrodes under various current densities ranging from 0.1C to 3C, in the voltage window 2.0-4.8 V vs. Li + /Li. For all three electrode compositions, the discharge capacity is normalized relative to their first discharge capacity at a 0.1C rate, allowing direct comparison. As a general trend, discharge capacity decreases moderately with increasing C rates for all electrodes, demonstrating the impact of higher C rates on the utilization of active materials and lithium-ion diffusion kinetics. Regarding LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O₂, this electrode exhibits typical behavior for a pristine R3 m layered structure. There is a continuous decrease in the discharge capacity as the current rate increases, retaining ~32 mAh g -1 when cycled at a high rate of 3C. In contrast to the pristine LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O₂, the Li-rich electrodes ( y = 0.3 and 0.5) demonstrate a significantly better retention of discharge capacity across current rates from 0.1C to 3C. This suggests an activation process that enhances their performance under high-rate conditions. At the 3C rate, the Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.467O2 and Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 electrodes deliver 90 and 123 mAhg -1 , respectively. The results align well with those reported in the literature [29,34,54-57]. This excellent rate capability can be attributed to several factors: (i) A well-formed layered structure, as the integrated Li2MnO3 regions enhance structural stability and facilitate lithium-ion transport during high-rate cycling. (ii) A small particle size: this reduces lithium-ion diffusion paths, promoting faster intercalation/deintercalation reactions [54]. (iii) A high specific surface area: this enhances contact between the active material and the electrolyte, improving reaction kinetics and capacity utilization. Kaewmala et al. [57] highlighted that the increased discharge capacity in the Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 electrode is closely associated with its higher c/a ratio. The elevated c/a ratio correlates with an increased interslab thickness ( I (LiO2)) as noted in Table 2, facilitating enhanced lithium diffusion. This structural advantage supports larger capacities even at a high current density. Upon reducing the current density back to 0.1C (Figure 12b), the electrode materials retained high discharge capacities: 250.6 mAh g -1 (a 95.68% retention of initial capacity) for y = 0.5, ~220 mAh g -1 (93.34% retention) for y = 0.3. For comparison, it is reduced to 168.1mAh g -1 (an 89.45% retention) for the pristine material ( y = 0). These results suggest that the electrode materials, particularly the Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 composition, maintain structural integrity and functionality even after extended cycling at high current densities. This resilience is likely due to the robust Figure 12b illustrates the rate capability of the y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 electrodes under various current densities ranging from 0.1C to 3C, in the voltage window 2.0-4.8 V vs. Li + /Li. For all three electrode compositions, the discharge capacity is normalized relative to their first discharge capacity at a 0.1C rate, allowing direct comparison. As a general trend, discharge capacity decreases moderately with increasing C rates for all electrodes, demonstrating the impact of higher C rates on the utilization of active materials and lithium-ion diffusion kinetics. Regarding LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2, this electrode exhibits typical behavior for a pristine R -3 m layered structure. There is a continuous decrease in the discharge capacity as the current rate increases, retaining ~32 mAh g -1 when cycled at a high rate of 3C. In contrast to the pristine LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2, the Li-rich electrodes ( y = 0.3 and 0.5) demonstrate a significantly better retention of discharge capacity across current rates from 0.1C to 3C. This suggests an activation process that enhances their performance under high-rate conditions. At the 3C rate, the Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.467O2 and Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 electrodes deliver 90 and 123 mAhg -1 , respectively. The results align well with those reported in the literature [29,34,54-57]. This excellent rate capability can be attributed to several factors: (i) A well-formed layered structure, as the integrated Li2MnO3 regions enhance structural stability and facilitate lithium-ion transport during high-rate cycling. (ii) A small particle size: this reduces lithium-ion diffusion paths, promoting faster intercalation/deintercalation reactions [54]. (iii) A high specific surface area: this enhances contact between the active material and the electrolyte, improving reaction kinetics and capacity utilization. Kaewmala et al. [57] highlighted that the increased discharge capacity in the Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 electrode is closely associated with its higher c / a ratio. The elevated c / a ratio correlates with an increased interslab thickness ( I (LiO2) ) as noted in Table 2, facilitating enhanced lithium diffusion. This structural advantage supports larger capacities even at a high current density. Upon reducing the current density back to 0.1C (Figure 12b), the electrode materials retained high discharge capacities: 250.6 mAh g -1 (a 95.68% retention of initial capacity) for y = 0.5, ~220 mAh g -1 (93.34% retention) for y = 0.3. For comparison, it is reduced to 168.1mAh g -1 (an 89.45% retention) for the pristine material ( y = 0). These results suggest that the electrode materials, particularly the Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 composition, maintain structural integrity and functionality even after extended cycling at high current densities. This resilience is likely due to the robust layered structure and structural benefits provided by the Li2MnO3 component, ensuring excellent cyclability and capacity retention. | Figure 12b illustrates the rate capability of the y Li₂MnO₃∙(1y )LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O₂ electrodes under various current densities ranging from 0.1C to 3C, in the voltage window 2.0-4.8 V vs. Li + /Li. For all three electrode compositions, the discharge capacity is normalized relative to their first discharge capacity at a 0.1C rate, allowing direct comparison. As a general trend, discharge capacity decreases moderately with increasing C rates for all electrodes, demonstrating the impact of higher C rates on the utilization of active materials and lithium-ion diffusion kinetics. Regarding LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O₂, this electrode exhibits typical behavior for a pristine R3 m layered structure. There is a continuous decrease in the discharge capacity as the current rate increases, retaining ~32 mAh g -1 when cycled at a high rate of 3C. In contrast to the pristine LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O₂, the Li-rich electrodes ( y = 0.3 and 0.5) demonstrate a significantly better retention of discharge capacity across current rates from 0.1C to 3C. This suggests an activation process that enhances their performance under high-rate conditions. At the 3C rate, the Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.467O2 and Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 electrodes deliver 90 and 123 mAhg -1 , respectively. The results align well with those reported in the literature [29,34,54-57]. This excellent rate capability can be attributed to several factors: (i) A well-formed layered structure, as the integrated Li2MnO3 regions enhance structural stability and facilitate lithium-ion transport during high-rate cycling. (ii) A small particle size: this reduces lithium-ion diffusion paths, promoting faster intercalation/deintercalation reactions [54]. (iii) A high specific surface area: this enhances contact between the active material and the electrolyte, improving reaction kinetics and capacity utilization. Kaewmala et al. [57] highlighted that the increased discharge capacity in the Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 electrode is closely associated with its higher c/a ratio. The elevated c/a ratio correlates with an increased interslab thickness ( I (LiO2)) as noted in Table 2, facilitating enhanced lithium diffusion. This structural advantage supports larger capacities even at a high current density. Upon reducing the current density back to 0.1C (Figure 12b), the electrode materials retained high discharge capacities: 250.6 mAh g -1 (a 95.68% retention of initial capacity) for y = 0.5, ~220 mAh g -1 (93.34% retention) for y = 0.3. For comparison, it is reduced to 168.1mAh g -1 (an 89.45% retention) for the pristine material ( y = 0). These results suggest that the electrode materials, particularly the Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 composition, maintain structural integrity and functionality even after extended cycling at high current densities. This resilience is likely due to the robust Figure 12b illustrates the rate capability of the y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 electrodes under various current densities ranging from 0.1C to 3C, in the voltage window 2.0-4.8 V vs. Li + /Li. For all three electrode compositions, the discharge capacity is normalized relative to their first discharge capacity at a 0.1C rate, allowing direct comparison. As a general trend, discharge capacity decreases moderately with increasing C rates for all electrodes, demonstrating the impact of higher C rates on the utilization of active materials and lithium-ion diffusion kinetics. Regarding LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2, this electrode exhibits typical behavior for a pristine R -3 m layered structure. There is a continuous decrease in the discharge capacity as the current rate increases, retaining ~32 mAh g -1 when cycled at a high rate of 3C. In contrast to the pristine LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2, the Li-rich electrodes ( y = 0.3 and 0.5) demonstrate a significantly better retention of discharge capacity across current rates from 0.1C to 3C. This suggests an activation process that enhances their performance under high-rate conditions. At the 3C rate, the Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.467O2 and Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 electrodes deliver 90 and 123 mAhg -1 , respectively. The results align well with those reported in the literature [29,34,54-57]. This excellent rate capability can be attributed to several factors: (i) A well-formed layered structure, as the integrated Li2MnO3 regions enhance structural stability and facilitate lithium-ion transport during high-rate cycling. (ii) A small particle size: this reduces lithium-ion diffusion paths, promoting faster intercalation/deintercalation reactions [54]. (iii) A high specific surface area: this enhances contact between the active material and the electrolyte, improving reaction kinetics and capacity utilization. Kaewmala et al. [57] highlighted that the increased discharge capacity in the Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 electrode is closely associated with its higher c / a ratio. The elevated c / a ratio correlates with an increased interslab thickness ( I (LiO2) ) as noted in Table 2, facilitating enhanced lithium diffusion. This structural advantage supports larger capacities even at a high current density. Upon reducing the current density back to 0.1C (Figure 12b), the electrode materials retained high discharge capacities: 250.6 mAh g -1 (a 95.68% retention of initial capacity) for y = 0.5, ~220 mAh g -1 (93.34% retention) for y = 0.3. For comparison, it is reduced to 168.1mAh g -1 (an 89.45% retention) for the pristine material ( y = 0). These results suggest that the electrode materials, particularly the Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 composition, maintain structural integrity and functionality even after extended cycling at high current densities. This resilience is likely due to the robust layered structure and structural benefits provided by the Li2MnO3 component, ensuring excellent cyclability and capacity retention. | ||
| medium | 1 | 4 | list_item | metadata | first_page_metadata | first_page_metadata | p1:body_region:0 | p1:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 200.1, 368.73, 30.61] | 1 Inorganic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, 33 El Bohouth St., (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; achraf_28@yahoo.com (A.E.A.-G.); r2samir@yahoo.com (R.S.E.-T.); ahmedh242@yahoo.com (A.M.H.) | 1 Inorganic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, 33 El Bohouth St., (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; achraf_28@yahoo.com (A.E.A.-G.); r2samir@yahoo.com (R.S.E.-T.); ahmedh242@yahoo.com (A.M.H.) | ||
| medium | 1 | 7 | text | abstract_candidate | first_page_summary | first_page_summary | p1:body_region:0 | p1:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [165.97, 280.45, 395.04, 162.96] | Abstract: Integrated Li- and Mn-rich layered cathodes y Li2MnO3 · (1y )Li M O2 ( M = Mn, Co, and Ni) have shown their ability to deliver specific capacities close to 300 mAh g -1 , but their significant drawbacks are capacity fading and voltage decay during cycling. In this study, new stoichiometric high-voltage Li-rich oxides with y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5 are synthesized in identical conditions using a sol-gel method. These compositions were analyzed to determine their optimal configuration and to understand their extraordinary behavior. Their nanostructural properties were investigated using XRD and Raman spectroscopy, while the morphology and grain-size distribution of the samples were characterized by BET, SEM and HRTEM analyses. The electrochemical performances of the integrated Liand Mn-rich compounds were evaluated through galvanostatic cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The best cathode material 0.5Li2MnO3 · 0.5LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 had a capacity retention of 83.6% after 100 cycles in the potential range 2.0-4.8 V vs. Li + /Li. | Abstract: Integrated Li- and Mn-rich layered cathodes y Li2MnO3 · (1y )Li M O2 ( M = Mn, Co, and Ni) have shown their ability to deliver specific capacities close to 300 mAh g -1 , but their significant drawbacks are capacity fading and voltage decay during cycling. In this study, new stoichiometric high-voltage Li-rich oxides with y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5 are synthesized in identical conditions using a sol-gel method. These compositions were analyzed to determine their optimal configuration and to understand their extraordinary behavior. Their nanostructural properties were investigated using XRD and Raman spectroscopy, while the morphology and grain-size distribution of the samples were characterized by BET, SEM and HRTEM analyses. The electrochemical performances of the integrated Liand Mn-rich compounds were evaluated through galvanostatic cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The best cathode material 0.5Li2MnO3 · 0.5LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 had a capacity retention of 83.6% after 100 cycles in the potential range 2.0-4.8 V vs. Li + /Li. | ||
| medium | 1 | 15 | text | metadata | first_page_metadata | first_page_metadata | p1:bottom_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.44, 686.83, 111.91, 90.09] | Copyright: ©2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/). | Copyright: ©2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( licenses/by/4.0/). | |||
| medium | 8 | 83 | text | unknown_text | empty_after_cleaning | empty_after_cleaning | p8:front_matter:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [100.68, 247.17, 1.89, 6.93] | , | ||||
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| medium | 10 | 189 | text | unknown_text | empty_after_cleaning | empty_after_cleaning | p10:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [109.3, 5.82, 1.75, 6.45] | , | ||||
| medium | 10 | 202 | text | unknown_text | empty_after_cleaning | empty_after_cleaning | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [324.92, 51.98, 3.93, 7.22] | - | |||
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| medium | 10 | 215 | text | unknown_text | empty_after_cleaning | empty_after_cleaning | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [275.59, 62.02, 3.93, 7.22] | - | |||
| medium | 11 | 227 | text | unknown_text | empty_after_cleaning | empty_after_cleaning | p11:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [128.24, 131.8, 1.75, 6.45] | , | ||||
| medium | 12 | 241 | text | unknown_text | empty_after_cleaning | empty_after_cleaning | p12:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [101.46, 106.12, 1.89, 6.93] | , | ||||
| medium | 19 | 336 | text | unknown_text | inside_front_matter | inside_front_matter | p19:body_region:0 | p19:top_margin:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [290.49, 9.16, 4.67, 8.59] | y | y | ||
| medium | 19 | 337 | text | unknown_text | inside_front_matter | inside_front_matter | p19:body_region:0 | p19:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [295.29, 9.16, 248.53, 8.59] | (Li2MnO3) content enhances the capacity retention and over- | (Li2MnO3) content enhances the capacity retention and over- | ||
| medium | 19 | 340 | text | unknown_text | inside_front_matter | inside_front_matter | p19:body_region:0 | p19:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [174.68, 33.28, 371.24, 8.59] | specific capacity and excellent cycling stability, demonstrates superior electrochemical | specific capacity and excellent cycling stability, demonstrates superior electrochemical | ||
| medium | 30 | 495 | text | body_candidate_excluded | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p30:page_body:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.45, 321.46, 523.83, 34.03] | Disclaimer/Publisher's Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. | Disclaimer/Publisher's Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. | ||
| low | 1 | 0 | text | metadata | document_ui | document_ui | p1:front_matter:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.36, 99.81, 27.86, 9.4] | Article | Article | |||
| low | 1 | 1 | section_header | title_candidate | first_page_front_matter_heading | first_page_front_matter_heading | p1:body_region:0 | p1:front_matter:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 114.79, 498.67, 38.24] | Integrated Lithium-Rich y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Layered Cathode Nanomaterials for Lithium-Ion Batteries | Integrated Lithium-Rich y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Layered Cathode Nanomaterials for Lithium-Ion Batteries | ||
| low | 1 | 2 | text | affiliation | first_page_author_or_affiliation | first_page_author_or_affiliation | p1:body_region:0 | p1:front_matter:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.33, 165.68, 498.77, 11.22] | Ashraf E. Abdel-Ghany 1 , Rasha S. El-Tawil 1 , Ahmed M. Hashem 1 , Alain Mauger 2 and Christian M. Julien | Ashraf E. Abdel-Ghany 1 , Rasha S. El-Tawil 1 , Ahmed M. Hashem 1 , Alain Mauger 2 and Christian M. Julien | ||
| low | 1 | 3 | text | affiliation | first_page_author_or_affiliation | first_page_author_or_affiliation | p1:body_region:0 | p1:front_matter:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [536.6, 165.68, 11.09, 11.22] | 2, * | 2, * | ||
| low | 1 | 5 | list_item | metadata | first_page_metadata | first_page_metadata | p1:body_region:0 | p1:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 232.38, 360.32, 19.85] | 2 Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et Cosmologie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, UMR-CNRS 7590, 4 Place Jussieu, 75752 Paris, France; alain.mauger@sorbonne-universite.fr | 2 Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et Cosmologie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, UMR-CNRS 7590, 4 Place Jussieu, 75752 Paris, France; alain.mauger@sorbonne-universite.fr | ||
| low | 1 | 6 | list_item | metadata | first_page_metadata | first_page_metadata | p1:body_region:0 | p1:front_matter:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [165.68, 255.44, 213.34, 7.55] | Correspondence: christian.julien@sorbonne-universite.fr | Correspondence: christian.julien@sorbonne-universite.fr | ||
| low | 1 | 8 | text | front_matter_heading | outside_body_flow_front_matter_heading | outside_body_flow_front_matter_heading | p1:body_region:0 | p1:front_matter:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 459.93, 48.99, 9.21] | Keywords: | Keywords: | ||
| low | 1 | 9 | text | front_matter_candidate | outside_body_flow | outside_body_flow | p1:body_region:0 | p1:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [218.47, 459.85, 307.36, 9.44] | Li-rich compounds; layered oxides; cathode materials; Li-ion batteries | Li-rich compounds; layered oxides; cathode materials; Li-ion batteries | ||
| low | 1 | 10 | text | unknown_text | before_body_started | before_body_started | p1:front_matter:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.44, 505.93, 108.67, 18.53] | Academic Editor: Giovanni Battista Appetecchi | Academic Editor: Giovanni Battista Appetecchi | |||
| low | 1 | 11 | section_header | body_heading | body_heading | body_heading | p1:body_region:0 | p1:body_zone:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 511.4, 81.74, 11.05] | 1. Introduction | 1. Introduction | ||
| low | 1 | 12 | text | reference | first_page_metadata | first_page_metadata | p1:body_zone:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.37, 585.45, 117.44, 90.09] | Citation: Abdel-Ghany, A.E.; El-Tawil, R.S.; Hashem, A.M.; Mauger, A.; Julien, C.M. Integrated Lithium-Rich y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Layered Cathode Nanomaterials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ijms26031346 | Citation: Abdel-Ghany, A.E.; El-Tawil, R.S.; Hashem, A.M.; Mauger, A.; Julien, C.M. Integrated Lithium-Rich y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Layered Cathode Nanomaterials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346. 10.3390/ijms26031346 | |||
| low | 1 | 13 | text | metadata | first_page_metadata | first_page_metadata | p1:body_zone:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.44, 533.76, 86.83, 42.39] | Received: 16 December 2024 Revised: 27 January 2025 Accepted: 31 January 2025 Published: 5 February 2025 | Received: 16 December 2024 Revised: 27 January 2025 Accepted: 31 January 2025 Published: 5 February 2025 | |||
| low | 1 | 17 | page_footer | page_footer | docling_page_footer | docling_page_footer | p1:bottom_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 805.75, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 1 | 18 | page_footer | page_footer | first_page_metadata | first_page_metadata | p1:body_region:0 | p1:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [422.25, 805.86, 137.02, 7.55] | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26031346 | |||
| low | 2 | 19 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p2:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 2 | 20 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p2:body_region:0 | p2:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [536.33, 38.33, 22.95, 7.55] | 2 of 30 | 2 of 30 | ||
| low | 2 | 25 | caption | caption | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p2:body_region:0 | p2:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.1, 583.47, 361.43, 8.5] | Table 1. Formulation of stoichiometric Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides studied in this work. | Table 1. Formulation of stoichiometric Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides studied in this work. | ||
| low | 2 | 26 | section_header | body_heading | body_heading | body_heading | p2:body_region:0 | p2:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 678.46, 139.51, 11.05] | 2. Materials and Methods | 2. Materials and Methods | ||
| low | 2 | 27 | section_header | body_heading | body_heading | body_heading | p2:body_region:0 | p2:body_zone:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 695.88, 98.01, 9.4] | 2.1. Materials Synthesis | 2.1. Materials Synthesis | ||
| low | 3 | 29 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p3:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 3 | 30 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p3:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [536.33, 38.33, 22.95, 7.55] | 3 of 30 | 3 of 30 | |||
| low | 3 | 31 | text | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p3:front_matter:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [119.89, 100.88, 47.67, 6.79] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. | Int. J. Mol. Sci. | |||
| low | 3 | 33 | caption | caption | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p3:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 473.63, 426.65, 22.0] | Figure 1. Schematic representation of the synthesis of integrated y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3 cathode materials using the citric acid assisted sol-gel method (acetate route). Figure 1. Schematic representation of the synthesis of integrated y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials using the citric acid assisted sol-gel method (acetate route). | Figure 1. Schematic representation of the synthesis of integrated y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3 cathode materials using the citric acid assisted sol-gel method (acetate route). Figure 1. Schematic representation of the synthesis of integrated y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials using the citric acid assisted sol-gel method (acetate route). | |||
| low | 3 | 34 | section_header | body_heading | body_heading | body_heading | p3:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 506.16, 194.77, 10.99] | 2.2. Materials' Characterization 2.2. Materials' Characterization | 2.2. Materials' Characterization 2.2. Materials' Characterization | |||
| low | 4 | 37 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p4:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 4 | 38 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p4:body_region:0 | p4:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [536.33, 38.33, 22.95, 7.55] | 4 of 30 | 4 of 30 | ||
| low | 4 | 41 | section_header | body_heading | body_heading | body_heading | p4:body_region:0 | p4:body_zone:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 322.52, 53.16, 11.05] | 3. Results | 3. Results | ||
| low | 4 | 42 | section_header | body_heading | body_heading | body_heading | p4:body_region:0 | p4:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 339.94, 119.78, 9.4] | 3.1. Structural Investigations | 3.1. Structural Investigations | ||
| low | 5 | 47 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p5:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 5 | 53 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p5:body_region:0 | p5:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [530.92, 36.39, 30.68, 9.5] | 5 of 30 χ 2) ob- | 5 of 30 χ 2) ob- | ||
| low | 5 | 57 | caption | caption | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p5:body_region:0 | p5:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [162.73, 450.11, 400.96, 46.96] | Figure 2. ( a ) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of integrated layered cathode materials. ( b ) XRD reflections at ca. 2 θ = 44.5°, ( c ) detailed XRD patterns in the 2 θ range 63-67°, and ( d -f ) Rietveld refinements of the as-prepared y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) prepared by the sol-gel method. Figure 2. ( a ) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of integrated layered cathode materials. ( b ) XRD reflections at ca. 2 θ = 44.5 ◦ , ( c ) detailed XRD patterns in the 2 θ range 63-67 ◦ , and ( d -f ) Rietveld refinements of the as-prepared y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) prepared by the sol-gel method. | Figure 2. ( a ) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of integrated layered cathode materials. ( b ) XRD reflections at ca. 2 θ = 44.5°, ( c ) detailed XRD patterns in the 2 θ range 63-67°, and ( d -f ) Rietveld refinements of the as-prepared y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) prepared by the sol-gel method. Figure 2. ( a ) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of integrated layered cathode materials. ( b ) XRD reflections at ca. 2 θ = 44.5 ◦ , ( c ) detailed XRD patterns in the 2 θ range 63-67 ◦ , and ( d -f ) Rietveld refinements of the as-prepared y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) prepared by the sol-gel method. | ||
| low | 6 | 59 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p6:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 6 | 60 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p6:body_region:0 | p6:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [536.33, 38.33, 22.95, 7.55] | 6 of 30 | 6 of 30 | ||
| low | 6 | 61 | caption | caption | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p6:body_region:0 | p6:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.1, 74.74, 394.66, 34.14] | Table 2. Structural parameters obtained from Rietveld refinements of X-ray diffractograms of integrated y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 layered oxides synthesized by citric acid-assisted sol-gel method. | Table 2. Structural parameters obtained from Rietveld refinements of X-ray diffractograms of integrated y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 layered oxides synthesized by citric acid-assisted sol-gel method. | ||
| low | 7 | 70 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p7:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 7 | 75 | caption | caption | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p7:body_region:0 | p7:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.1, 505.59, 394.75, 48.68] | Figure 3. Structural properties of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 samples as a function of y (Li 2MnO3). ( a ) Evolution of the refined lattice parameters a hex and c hex using an hexagonal system. ( b ) Variation in the c/a ration and cell volume. ( c ) Variations in the R-factors. ( d ) Variation in the amount of Ni 2+ in the Li site and interslab thickness ( I (LiO2) ). | Figure 3. Structural properties of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 samples as a function of y (Li 2MnO3). ( a ) Evolution of the refined lattice parameters a hex and c hex using an hexagonal system. ( b ) Variation in the c/a ration and cell volume. ( c ) Variations in the R-factors. ( d ) Variation in the amount of Ni 2+ in the Li site and interslab thickness ( I (LiO2) ). | ||
| low | 8 | 78 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p8:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 8 | 79 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p8:body_region:0 | p8:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [536.33, 38.33, 22.95, 7.55] | 8 of 30 | 8 of 30 | ||
| low | 8 | 86 | caption | caption | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p8:body_region:0 | p8:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [159.6, 579.54, 399.68, 35.36] | Figure 4. ( a ) Analysis of microstrain from the full-width B at half-maximum of the XRD peaks according to Equation (1) ( b ) Evolution of the crystallite size and strain field (see Equation (1)) as a Figure 4. ( a ) Analysis of microstrain from the full-width B at half-maximum of the XRD peaks according to Equation (1) ( b ) Evolution of the crystallite size and strain field (see Equation (1)) as a function of Li2 MnO3 content ( y ). | Figure 4. ( a ) Analysis of microstrain from the full-width B at half-maximum of the XRD peaks according to Equation (1) ( b ) Evolution of the crystallite size and strain field (see Equation (1)) as a Figure 4. ( a ) Analysis of microstrain from the full-width B at half-maximum of the XRD peaks according to Equation (1) ( b ) Evolution of the crystallite size and strain field (see Equation (1)) as a function of Li2 MnO3 content ( y ). | ||
| low | 8 | 87 | text | caption | caption_fragment | caption_fragment | p8:body_region:0 | p8:front_matter:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [159.6, 615.04, 110.33, 7.76] | function of Li2MnO3 content ( | function of Li2MnO3 content ( | ||
| low | 8 | 89 | text | caption | caption_fragment | caption_fragment | p8:body_region:0 | p8:front_matter:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [274.08, 615.04, 7.03, 7.76] | ). | |||
| low | 8 | 90 | section_header | body_heading | body_heading | body_heading | p8:body_region:0 | p8:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 625.81, 145.94, 9.4] | 3.2. Morphological Characterization | 3.2. Morphological Characterization | ||
| low | 9 | 106 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p9:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 9 | 109 | text | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [227.23, 38.04, 4.35, 7.98] | 3 | 3 | ||
| low | 9 | 110 | text | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [231.59, 38.04, 6.75, 7.98] | m | m | ||
| low | 9 | 114 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [536.33, 38.33, 22.95, 7.55] | 9 of 30 | 9 of 30 | ||
| low | 9 | 118 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [208, 208, 208] gray | [382.15, 208.78, 3.77, 3.28] | 30 | 30 | ||
| low | 9 | 119 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [132, 132, 132] gray | [382.15, 214.69, 3.77, 3.28] | 28 | 28 | ||
| low | 9 | 120 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [244, 244, 244] gray | [392.18, 215.43, 6.45, 5.11] | (c) | (c) | ||
| low | 9 | 121 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [233, 233, 233] gray | [434.26, 213.19, 59.64, 4.02] | Average particle size 306 (nm) | Average particle size 306 (nm) | ||
| low | 9 | 122 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [206, 206, 206] gray | [382.15, 220.61, 3.77, 3.28] | 26 | 26 | ||
| low | 9 | 123 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [214, 214, 214] gray | [382.15, 226.52, 3.77, 3.28] | 24 | 24 | ||
| low | 9 | 124 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [160, 160, 160] gray | [382.15, 232.44, 3.77, 3.28] | 22 | 22 | ||
| low | 9 | 125 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [167, 167, 167] gray | [382.15, 238.46, 3.77, 3.28] | 20 | 20 | ||
| low | 9 | 126 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [230, 230, 230] gray | [375.0, 241.4, 5.09, 27.05] | Count (%) | Count (%) | ||
| low | 9 | 127 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [193, 193, 193] gray | [382.15, 244.38, 3.77, 3.28] | 18 | 18 | ||
| low | 9 | 128 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [193, 193, 193] gray | [382.15, 250.29, 3.77, 3.28] | 16 | 16 | ||
| low | 9 | 129 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [201, 201, 201] gray | [382.15, 256.21, 3.77, 3.28] | 14 | 14 | ||
| low | 9 | 130 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [210, 210, 210] gray | [382.15, 262.12, 3.77, 3.28] | 12 | 12 | ||
| low | 9 | 131 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [206, 206, 206] gray | [382.15, 268.04, 3.77, 3.28] | 10 | 10 | ||
| low | 9 | 132 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [131, 131, 131] gray | [384.05, 274.06, 1.88, 3.28] | 8 | 8 | ||
| low | 9 | 133 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [158, 158, 158] gray | [384.05, 279.98, 1.88, 3.28] | 6 | 6 | ||
| low | 9 | 134 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [209, 209, 209] gray | [384.05, 285.89, 1.88, 3.28] | 4 | 4 | ||
| low | 9 | 135 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [140, 140, 140] gray | [384.05, 291.81, 1.88, 3.28] | 2 | 2 | ||
| low | 9 | 136 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [148, 148, 148] gray | [384.05, 297.72, 1.88, 3.28] | 0 | 0 | ||
| low | 9 | 137 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [182, 182, 182] gray | [386.95, 301.74, 1.88, 3.28] | 0 | 0 | ||
| low | 9 | 138 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [186, 186, 186] gray | [395.97, 301.74, 5.7, 3.28] | 100 | 100 | ||
| low | 9 | 139 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [158, 158, 158] gray | [406.92, 301.74, 5.67, 3.28] | 200 | 200 | ||
| low | 9 | 140 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [163, 163, 163] gray | [417.98, 301.74, 5.56, 3.28] | 300 | 300 | ||
| low | 9 | 141 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:white | [251, 251, 251] white | [418.62, 307.86, 43.49, 5.09] | Particle size (nm) | Particle size (nm) | ||
| low | 9 | 142 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [156, 156, 156] gray | [428.89, 301.74, 5.56, 3.28] | 400 | 400 | ||
| low | 9 | 143 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [156, 156, 156] gray | [439.85, 301.74, 5.56, 3.28] | 500 | 500 | ||
| low | 9 | 144 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [163, 163, 163] gray | [450.66, 301.74, 5.7, 3.28] | 600 | 600 | ||
| low | 9 | 145 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [170, 170, 170] gray | [461.61, 301.74, 5.67, 3.28] | 700 | 700 | ||
| low | 9 | 146 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [152, 152, 152] gray | [472.67, 301.74, 5.56, 3.28] | 800 | 800 | ||
| low | 9 | 147 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [162, 162, 162] gray | [483.59, 301.74, 5.56, 3.28] | 900 | 900 | ||
| low | 9 | 148 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [163, 163, 163] gray | [493.53, 301.74, 7.46, 3.28] | 1000 | 1000 | ||
| low | 9 | 149 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:white | [253, 253, 253] white | [380.58, 327.04, 3.84, 3.3] | 14 | 14 | ||
| low | 9 | 150 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [197, 197, 197] gray | [391.39, 328.44, 5.37, 5.15] | (f) | (f) | ||
| low | 9 | 151 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [228, 228, 228] gray | [435.38, 326.0, 61.24, 4.05] | Average particle size 197 (nm) | Average particle size 197 (nm) | ||
| low | 9 | 152 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:white | [250, 250, 250] white | [380.58, 339.09, 3.84, 3.3] | 12 | 12 | ||
| low | 9 | 153 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:white | [253, 253, 253] white | [380.58, 351.03, 3.84, 3.3] | 10 | 10 | ||
| low | 9 | 154 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:white | [249, 249, 249] white | [374.65, 353.96, 5.11, 27.22] | Count (%) | Count (%) | ||
| low | 9 | 155 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [178, 178, 178] gray | [382.47, 362.97, 1.93, 3.3] | 8 | 8 | ||
| low | 9 | 156 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [206, 206, 206] gray | [382.47, 374.91, 1.93, 3.3] | 6 | 6 | ||
| low | 9 | 157 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [240, 240, 240] gray | [382.47, 386.85, 1.93, 3.3] | 4 | 4 | ||
| low | 9 | 158 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [382.47, 398.8, 1.93, 3.3] | 2 | 2 | ||
| low | 9 | 159 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [382.47, 410.74, 1.93, 3.3] | 0 | 0 | ||
| low | 9 | 160 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [211, 211, 211] gray | [384.48, 414.76, 3.94, 3.3] | 50 | 50 | ||
| low | 9 | 161 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [182, 182, 182] gray | [396.1, 414.76, 5.71, 3.3] | 100 | 100 | ||
| low | 9 | 162 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:white | [253, 253, 253] white | [408.48, 414.76, 5.81, 3.3] | 150 | 150 | ||
| low | 9 | 163 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [200, 200, 200] gray | [420.97, 414.76, 5.85, 3.3] | 200 | 200 | ||
| low | 9 | 164 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [204, 204, 204] gray | [433.49, 414.76, 5.81, 3.3] | 250 | 250 | ||
| low | 9 | 165 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [177, 177, 177] gray | [445.98, 414.76, 5.71, 3.3] | 300 | 300 | ||
| low | 9 | 166 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [233, 233, 233] gray | [458.36, 414.76, 5.85, 3.3] | 350 | 350 | ||
| low | 9 | 167 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [195, 195, 195] gray | [470.85, 414.76, 5.85, 3.3] | 400 | 400 | ||
| low | 9 | 168 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [182, 182, 182] gray | [483.37, 414.76, 5.71, 3.3] | 450 | 450 | ||
| low | 9 | 169 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [205, 205, 205] gray | [495.86, 414.76, 5.71, 3.3] | 500 | 500 | ||
| low | 9 | 170 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [420.41, 421.56, 44.33, 5.11] | Particle size (nm) | Particle size (nm) | ||
| low | 9 | 171 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [203, 203, 203] gray | [382.36, 436.78, 3.81, 3.25] | 10 | 10 | ||
| low | 9 | 172 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [233, 233, 233] gray | [393.08, 443.7, 5.03, 5.08] | (i) | (i) | ||
| low | 9 | 173 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [237, 237, 237] gray | [438.82, 441.09, 56.97, 4.0] | Average particle size 131 (nm) | Average particle size 131 (nm) | ||
| low | 9 | 174 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [189, 189, 189] gray | [384.26, 454.42, 1.9, 3.25] | 8 | 8 | ||
| low | 9 | 175 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [375.25, 469.14, 5.05, 26.87] | Count (%) | Count (%) | ||
| low | 9 | 176 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [197, 197, 197] gray | [384.26, 472.05, 1.9, 3.25] | 6 | 6 | ||
| low | 9 | 177 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [204, 204, 204] gray | [384.26, 489.79, 1.9, 3.25] | 4 | 4 | ||
| low | 9 | 178 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [237, 237, 237] gray | [384.26, 507.42, 1.9, 3.25] | 2 | 2 | ||
| low | 9 | 179 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [179, 179, 179] gray | [384.26, 525.17, 1.9, 3.25] | 0 | 0 | ||
| low | 9 | 180 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [161, 161, 161] gray | [386.26, 529.74, 3.81, 3.25] | 50 | 50 | ||
| low | 9 | 181 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [189, 189, 189] gray | [422.2, 529.74, 5.69, 3.25] | 100 | 100 | ||
| low | 9 | 182 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [192, 192, 192] gray | [459.03, 529.74, 5.69, 3.25] | 150 | 150 | ||
| low | 9 | 183 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [176, 176, 176] gray | [495.86, 529.74, 5.69, 3.25] | 200 | 200 | ||
| low | 9 | 184 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:off_white | [246, 246, 246] off_white | [419.29, 536.11, 43.96, 5.05] | Particle size (nm) | Particle size (nm) | ||
| low | 9 | 185 | caption | caption | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 556.53, 392.88, 34.14] | Figure 5. SEM images at magnifications of 10 k and 50 k and particle-size distribution of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 powders: ( a -c ) for y = 0.0 (LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ), ( d -f ) for y = 0.3 (Li 1.134 Ni 0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O2), and ( g -i ) for y = 0.5 (Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 ). | Figure 5. SEM images at magnifications of 10 k and 50 k and particle-size distribution of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 powders: ( a -c ) for y = 0.0 (LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ), ( d -f ) for y = 0.3 (Li 1.134 Ni 0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O2), and ( g -i ) for y = 0.5 (Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 ). | ||
| low | 10 | 187 | text | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p10:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [50.04, 5.82, 45.24, 6.45] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. | Int. J. Mol. Sci. | |||
| low | 10 | 188 | text | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p10:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [95.24, 5.82, 14.03, 6.45] | 2024 | 2024 | |||
| low | 10 | 190 | text | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p10:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [110.98, 5.82, 8.77, 6.45] | 25 | 25 | |||
| low | 10 | 192 | text | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [480.38, 5.82, 28.83, 6.45] | 10 of 30 | 10 of 30 | ||
| low | 10 | 193 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p10:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 10 | 196 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 10 of 30 | 10 of 30 | ||
| low | 10 | 203 | text | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [328.93, 51.98, 3.48, 7.22] | c | c | ||
| low | 10 | 207 | text | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [454.48, 51.98, 4.79, 7.22] | d | d | ||
| low | 10 | 216 | text | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [279.61, 62.02, 2.62, 7.22] | i | i | ||
| low | 10 | 221 | caption | caption | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p10:body_region:0 | p10:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.1, 618.82, 393.18, 34.43] | Figure 6. TEM( a , d , g ), HRTEM ( b , e , h ), and SAED ( c , f , i ) images of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 powders: ( a -c ) for y = 0.0 (LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ), ( d -f ) for y = 0.3 (Li 1.134 Ni 0.2 Co0.2 Mn0.466 O2 ), and ( g -i ) for y = 0.5 (Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 ). | Figure 6. TEM( a , d , g ), HRTEM ( b , e , h ), and SAED ( c , f , i ) images of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 powders: ( a -c ) for y = 0.0 (LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ), ( d -f ) for y = 0.3 (Li 1.134 Ni 0.2 Co0.2 Mn0.466 O2 ), and ( g -i ) for y = 0.5 (Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 ). | ||
| low | 11 | 223 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p11:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 11 | 224 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p11:body_region:0 | p11:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 11 of 30 | 11 of 30 | ||
| low | 11 | 230 | caption | caption | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p11:body_region:0 | p11:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 506.95, 392.88, 23.41] | Figure 7. ( a -c ) EDX spectra and ( d ) comparison between theoretical and experimental values for 3D elements of prepared y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. Figure 7. ( a -c ) EDX spectra and ( d ) comparison between theoretical and experimental values for 3D elements of prepared y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. | Figure 7. ( a -c ) EDX spectra and ( d ) comparison between theoretical and experimental values for 3D elements of prepared y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. Figure 7. ( a -c ) EDX spectra and ( d ) comparison between theoretical and experimental values for 3D elements of prepared y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. | ||
| low | 11 | 231 | caption | caption | docling_caption | docling_caption | p11:body_region:0 | p11:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.1, 543.67, 392.68, 23.19] | Table 3. Rietveld and EDX analysis of Ni, Co, and Mn in the y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 composite powders in atomic percent (at. %) ratio of elements. Table 3. Rietveld and EDX analysis of Ni, Co, and Mn in the y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 composite powders in atomic percent (at. %) ratio of elements. | Table 3. Rietveld and EDX analysis of Ni, Co, and Mn in the y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 composite powders in atomic percent (at. %) ratio of elements. Table 3. Rietveld and EDX analysis of Ni, Co, and Mn in the y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 composite powders in atomic percent (at. %) ratio of elements. | ||
| low | 11 | 233 | text | caption | caption_fragment | caption_fragment | p11:body_region:0 | p11:page_body:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [388.58, 570.75, 75.58, 7.99] | Composition as Li[ | Composition as Li[ | ||
| low | 12 | 237 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p12:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 12 | 238 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p12:body_region:0 | p12:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 12 of 30 | 12 of 30 | ||
| low | 12 | 244 | caption | caption | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p12:body_region:0 | p12:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [160.38, 457.8, 398.89, 34.55] | Figure 8. ( a -c ) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms for y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. ( d ) Variation in specific surface area and pore volume as function of y (Li2MnO3). Figure 8. ( a -c ) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms for y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. ( d ) Variation in specific surface area and pore volume as function of y (Li2 MnO3). | Figure 8. ( a -c ) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms for y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. ( d ) Variation in specific surface area and pore volume as function of y (Li2MnO3). Figure 8. ( a -c ) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms for y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. ( d ) Variation in specific surface area and pore volume as function of y (Li2 MnO3). | ||
| low | 13 | 248 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p13:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 13 | 249 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p13:body_region:0 | p13:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 13 of 30 | 13 of 30 | ||
| low | 13 | 251 | caption | caption | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p13:body_region:0 | p13:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.1, 111.12, 393.18, 10.0] | Table 4. BET results and pore structure parameters for y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 powders. | Table 4. BET results and pore structure parameters for y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 powders. | ||
| low | 13 | 252 | section_header | body_heading | body_heading | body_heading | p13:body_region:0 | p13:body_zone:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 226.61, 106.68, 9.4] | 3.3. Vibrational Properties | 3.3. Vibrational Properties | ||
| low | 13 | 254 | caption | caption | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p13:body_region:0 | p13:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.1, 743.16, 394.3, 23.74] | Figure 9. Raman scattering spectra of integrated y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 powders: ( a ) y = 0.0, ( b ) y = 0.3, ( c ) y = 0.5. ( d ) Frequency shift in the A 1g and E g modes against the composition. Figure 9. Raman scattering spectra of integrated y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 powders: ( a ) y = 0.0, ( b ) y = 0.3, ( c ) y = 0.5. ( d ) Frequency shift in the A 1g and E g modes against the composition. | Figure 9. Raman scattering spectra of integrated y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 powders: ( a ) y = 0.0, ( b ) y = 0.3, ( c ) y = 0.5. ( d ) Frequency shift in the A 1g and E g modes against the composition. Figure 9. Raman scattering spectra of integrated y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 powders: ( a ) y = 0.0, ( b ) y = 0.3, ( c ) y = 0.5. ( d ) Frequency shift in the A 1g and E g modes against the composition. | ||
| low | 13 | 272 | text | page_margin_footer | page_margin_footer | page_margin_footer | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [361.58, 791.32, 181.7, 6.87] | = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) electrode materials and the first 100 | = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) electrode materials and the first 100 | ||
| low | 14 | 279 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p14:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 14 | 280 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p14:body_region:0 | p14:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 14 of 30 | 14 of 30 | ||
| low | 14 | 282 | section_header | body_heading | body_heading | body_heading | p14:body_region:0 | p14:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 446.68, 124.2, 9.4] | 3.4. Electrochemical Properties | 3.4. Electrochemical Properties | ||
| low | 15 | 286 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p15:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 15 | 288 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p15:body_region:0 | p15:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 15 of 30 | 15 of 30 | ||
| low | 15 | 295 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p15:body_region:0 | p15:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [171.24, 544.6, 14.36, 6.6] | 2024 | 2024 | ||
| low | 15 | 296 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p15:body_region:0 | p15:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [185.63, 544.6, 1.8, 6.6] | , | |||
| low | 15 | 297 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p15:body_region:0 | p15:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [187.35, 544.6, 8.98, 6.6] | 25 | 25 | ||
| low | 15 | 298 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p15:body_region:0 | p15:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [196.37, 544.6, 74.76, 6.6] | , x FOR PEER REVIEW | , x FOR PEER REVIEW | ||
| low | 15 | 300 | caption | caption | docling_caption | docling_caption | p15:body_region:0 | p15:bottom_margin:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.1, 737.28, 428.82, 37.95] | Figure 10. Galvanostatic charge-discharge capacity curves recorded at C/10 rate in potential range 2.0-4.8 V vs. Li + /Li for ( a ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, ( b ) Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O, ( c ) Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 until 5 cycles, ( d ) Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 over 100 cycles. Figure 10. Galvanostatic charge-discharge capacity curves recorded at C/10 rate in potential range 2.0-4.8 V vs. Li + /Li for ( a ) LiNi1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 , ( b ) Li1.134 Ni 0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O, ( c ) Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O 2 until 5 cycles, ( d ) Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O 2 over 100 cycles. | Figure 10. Galvanostatic charge-discharge capacity curves recorded at C/10 rate in potential range 2.0-4.8 V vs. Li + /Li for ( a ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, ( b ) Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O, ( c ) Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 until 5 cycles, ( d ) Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 over 100 cycles. Figure 10. Galvanostatic charge-discharge capacity curves recorded at C/10 rate in potential range 2.0-4.8 V vs. Li + /Li for ( a ) LiNi1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 , ( b ) Li1.134 Ni 0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O, ( c ) Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O 2 until 5 cycles, ( d ) Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O 2 over 100 cycles. | ||
| low | 15 | 301 | text | caption | caption_fragment | caption_fragment | p15:body_region:0 | p15:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [260.69, 779.4, 332.4, 8.17] | While the discharge-charge profiles demonstrate promising electrochemical perfor- | While the discharge-charge profiles demonstrate promising electrochemical perfor- | ||
| low | 15 | 307 | text | page_margin_footer | page_margin_footer | page_margin_footer | p15:body_region:0 | p15:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [542.29, 813.67, 5.84, 8.17] | V | V | ||
| low | 15 | 312 | text | page_margin_footer | page_margin_footer | page_margin_footer | p15:body_region:0 | p15:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [394.12, 825.21, 5.84, 8.17] | V | V | ||
| low | 15 | 314 | text | page_margin_footer | page_margin_footer | page_margin_footer | p15:body_region:0 | p15:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [432.39, 825.21, 5.84, 8.17] | V | V | ||
| low | 16 | 316 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p16:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 16 | 317 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p16:body_region:0 | p16:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 16 of 30 | 16 of 30 | ||
| low | 16 | 318 | caption | caption | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p16:body_region:0 | p16:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.1, 74.74, 393.18, 34.14] | Table 5. Theoretical charge, discharge-specific capacities, irreversible capacities (IRs), and Coulombic efficiency (CE) of corresponding components in y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 based on mass ratio of electrode material compared with observed values corresponding to individual stage. | Table 5. Theoretical charge, discharge-specific capacities, irreversible capacities (IRs), and Coulombic efficiency (CE) of corresponding components in y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 based on mass ratio of electrode material compared with observed values corresponding to individual stage. | ||
| low | 17 | 321 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p17:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 17 | 322 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p17:body_region:0 | p17:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 17 of 30 | 17 of 30 | ||
| low | 18 | 326 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p18:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 18 | 329 | caption | caption | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p18:body_region:0 | p18:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.1, 372.29, 427.12, 36.78] | Figure 11. Differential capacity (-d Q /d V ) vs. V plots for ( a ) y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 e trodes at first cycle, ( b ) pristine LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, ( c ) Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O2, and Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 at 1st and 100th cycles. Figure 11. Differential capacity ( -d Q /d V ) vs. V plots for ( a ) y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 electrodes at first cycle, ( b ) pristine LiNi1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 , ( c ) Li1.134 Ni 0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O2, and ( d ) Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O 2 at 1st and 100th cycles. | Figure 11. Differential capacity (-d Q /d V ) vs. V plots for ( a ) y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 e trodes at first cycle, ( b ) pristine LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, ( c ) Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O2, and Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 at 1st and 100th cycles. Figure 11. Differential capacity ( -d Q /d V ) vs. V plots for ( a ) y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 electrodes at first cycle, ( b ) pristine LiNi1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 , ( c ) Li1.134 Ni 0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O2, and ( d ) Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O 2 at 1st and 100th cycles. | ||
| low | 19 | 335 | text | front_matter_heading | front_matter_heading | front_matter_heading | p19:body_region:0 | p19:top_margin:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [174.68, 9.16, 115.88, 8.59] | highlight that an increasing | highlight that an increasing | ||
| low | 19 | 339 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p19:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 19 | 341 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p19:body_region:0 | p19:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 19 of 30 | 19 of 30 | ||
| low | 19 | 342 | text | body_heading | inside_front_matter | inside_front_matter | p19:body_region:0 | p19:top_margin:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [174.68, 45.28, 198.43, 8.59] | performance compared to other compositions. | performance compared to other compositions. | ||
| low | 19 | 343 | caption | caption | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p19:body_region:0 | p19:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 252.92, 393.78, 27.07] | Figure 12. ( a ) Cycling performance at C /10 rate and ( b ) rate capability for y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 electrodes. Figure 12. ( a ) Cycling performance at C /10 rate and ( b ) rate capability for y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 electrodes. | Figure 12. ( a ) Cycling performance at C /10 rate and ( b ) rate capability for y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 electrodes. Figure 12. ( a ) Cycling performance at C /10 rate and ( b ) rate capability for y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 electrodes. | ||
| low | 20 | 345 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p20:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 20 | 346 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p20:body_region:0 | p20:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 20 of 30 | 20 of 30 | ||
| low | 20 | 347 | section_header | body_heading | body_heading | body_heading | p20:body_region:0 | p20:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 74.92, 204.99, 9.4] | 3.5. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) | 3.5. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) | ||
| low | 21 | 352 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p21:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 21 | 355 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p21:body_region:0 | p21:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 21 of 30 | 21 of 30 | ||
| low | 21 | 359 | text | visual_text | visual_text | visual_text | p21:body_region:0 | p21:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [235.87, 425.01, 12.5, 10.34] | (c) | (c) | ||
| low | 21 | 360 | caption | caption | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p21:body_region:0 | p21:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 596.93, 394.45, 36.26] | Figure 13. EIS measurements ( Z ′′ vs. Z ′ plots) of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ( y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) electrodes: ( a ) Fresh electrodes, ( b ) after 50 cycles at a 0.1C rate, ( c ) equivalent model circuit. Plots of the real part of the impedance vs. ω -1/2 for ( d ) fresh electrodes and ( e ) after 100 cycles. | Figure 13. EIS measurements ( Z ′′ vs. Z ′ plots) of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ( y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) electrodes: ( a ) Fresh electrodes, ( b ) after 50 cycles at a 0.1C rate, ( c ) equivalent model circuit. Plots of the real part of the impedance vs. ω -1/2 for ( d ) fresh electrodes and ( e ) after 100 cycles. | ||
| low | 22 | 363 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p22:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 22 | 364 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p22:body_region:0 | p22:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 22 of 30 | 22 of 30 | ||
| low | 22 | 367 | caption | caption | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p22:body_region:0 | p22:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.1, 255.65, 393.18, 21.6] | Table 6. Fitting results of Nyquist plots for the y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 ( y =0.0, 0.3 and 0.5) electrodes before cycling and after 100 cycles. | Table 6. Fitting results of Nyquist plots for the y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 ( y =0.0, 0.3 and 0.5) electrodes before cycling and after 100 cycles. | ||
| low | 23 | 369 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p23:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 23 | 370 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p23:body_region:0 | p23:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 23 of 30 | 23 of 30 | ||
| low | 23 | 374 | section_header | body_heading | body_heading | body_heading | p23:body_region:0 | p23:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 448.29, 141.54, 9.4] | 3.6. Area-Specific Impedance (ASI) | 3.6. Area-Specific Impedance (ASI) | ||
| low | 24 | 377 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p24:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 35.56, 156.6, 8.34] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024 , 25 , x FOR PEER REVIEW | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024 , 25 , x FOR PEER REVIEW | |||
| low | 24 | 378 | text | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p24:body_region:0 | p24:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [501.52, 35.56, 31.0, 6.93] | 24 of 30 | 24 of 30 | ||
| low | 24 | 379 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p24:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 24 of 30 | 24 of 30 | |||
| low | 24 | 380 | caption | caption | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p24:body_region:0 | p24:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [161.44, 233.75, 398.96, 23.59] | Figure 14. Area-specific impedance (ASI) of parent and y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 ( y =0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) as a function of depth of discharge (DOD): ( a ) fresh cell and ( b ) after 100 cycles. Figure 14. Area-specific impedance (ASI) of parent and y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn1/3O2 ( y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) as a function of depth of discharge (DOD): ( a ) fresh cell and ( b ) after 100 cycles. | Figure 14. Area-specific impedance (ASI) of parent and y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 ( y =0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) as a function of depth of discharge (DOD): ( a ) fresh cell and ( b ) after 100 cycles. Figure 14. Area-specific impedance (ASI) of parent and y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn1/3O2 ( y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) as a function of depth of discharge (DOD): ( a ) fresh cell and ( b ) after 100 cycles. | ||
| low | 24 | 384 | section_header | body_heading | body_heading | body_heading | p24:body_region:0 | p24:body_zone:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 533.31, 73.08, 11.05] | 4. Discussion | 4. Discussion | ||
| low | 25 | 386 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p25:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 25 | 387 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p25:body_region:0 | p25:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 25 of 30 | 25 of 30 | ||
| low | 26 | 391 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p26:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| low | 26 | 392 | page_header | page_header | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p26:body_region:0 | p26:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 26 of 30 | 26 of 30 | ||
| low | 26 | 393 | section_header | body_heading | body_heading | body_heading | p26:body_region:0 | p26:body_zone:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 73.8, 80.4, 11.05] | 5. Conclusions | 5. Conclusions | ||
| low | 26 | 396 | text | back_matter_heading | back_matter_heading | back_matter_heading | stop_trigger | p26:body_region:0 | p26:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.02, 493.65, 394.38, 47.5] | Author Contributions: Conceptualization, A.E.A.-G. and A.M.H.; formal analysis, A.E.A.-G. and R.S.E.-T.; investigation, A.E.A.-G. and R.S.E.-T.; writing-original draft preparation, A.E.A.-G.; writing-review and editing, A.M. and C.M.J. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. | Author Contributions: Conceptualization, A.E.A.-G. and A.M.H.; formal analysis, A.E.A.-G. and R.S.E.-T.; investigation, A.E.A.-G. and R.S.E.-T.; writing-original draft preparation, A.E.A.-G.; writing-review and editing, A.M. and C.M.J. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. | |
| low | 26 | 397 | text | back_matter_text | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p26:body_region:0 | p26:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 551.62, 210.71, 8.5] | Funding: This research received no external funding. | Funding: This research received no external funding. | |
| low | 26 | 398 | text | unknown_text | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p26:body_region:0 | p26:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 570.6, 220.22, 8.5] | Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. | Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. | |
| low | 26 | 399 | text | unknown_text | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p26:body_region:0 | p26:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 589.65, 120.79, 8.29] | Informed Consent Statement: | Informed Consent Statement: | |
| low | 26 | 400 | text | unknown_text | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p26:body_region:0 | p26:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [289.96, 589.58, 60.56, 8.5] | Not applicable. | Not applicable. | |
| low | 26 | 401 | text | back_matter_heading | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p26:body_region:0 | p26:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 608.55, 265.41, 8.5] | Data Availability Statement: Data are contained within the article. | Data Availability Statement: Data are contained within the article. | |
| low | 26 | 402 | text | unknown_text | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p26:body_region:0 | p26:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | [166.39, 627.53, 255.5, 8.5] | Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. | Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. | |
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