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| # | type | label | page | caption source | suppressed | duplicate reason | rescue reason | group | confidence | bbox | caption |
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| 1 | figure | Fig. 1 | 3 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [166.16, 278.22, 390.12, 185.15] | Figure 1. Schematic representation of the synthesis of integrated y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3 cathode materials using the citric acid assisted sol-gel method (acetate route). Figure 1. Schematic representation of the synthesis of integrated y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials using the citric acid assisted sol-gel method (acetate route). | ||||
| 2 | figure | Fig. 2 | 5 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [42.28, 123.61, 510.8, 312.53] | Figure 2. ( a ) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of integrated layered cathode materials. ( b ) XRD reflections at ca. 2 θ = 44.5°, ( c ) detailed XRD patterns in the 2 θ range 63-67°, and ( d -f ) Rietveld refinements of the as-prepared y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) prepared by the sol-gel method. Figure 2. ( a ) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of integrated layered cathode materials. ( b ) XRD reflections at ca. 2 θ = 44.5 ◦ , ( c ) detailed XRD patterns in the 2 θ range 63-67 ◦ , and ( d -f ) Rietveld refinements of the as-prepared y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) prepared by the sol-gel method. | ||||
| 3 | figure | Fig. 3 | 7 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [168.44, 208.48, 385.26, 285.89] | Figure 3. Structural properties of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 samples as a function of y (Li 2MnO3). ( a ) Evolution of the refined lattice parameters a hex and c hex using an hexagonal system. ( b ) Variation in the c/a ration and cell volume. ( c ) Variations in the R-factors. ( d ) Variation in the amount of Ni 2+ in the Li site and interslab thickness ( I (LiO2) ). | ||||
| 4 | figure | Fig. 4 | 8 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [167.56, 428.59, 338.2, 137.14] | Figure 4. ( a ) Analysis of microstrain from the full-width B at half-maximum of the XRD peaks according to Equation (1) ( b ) Evolution of the crystallite size and strain field (see Equation (1)) as a Figure 4. ( a ) Analysis of microstrain from the full-width B at half-maximum of the XRD peaks according to Equation (1) ( b ) Evolution of the crystallite size and strain field (see Equation (1)) as a function of Li2 MnO3 content ( y ). | ||||
| 5 | figure | Fig. 5 | 9 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [92.61, 206.39, 409.44, 334.86] | Figure 5. SEM images at magnifications of 10 k and 50 k and particle-size distribution of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 powders: ( a -c ) for y = 0.0 (LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ), ( d -f ) for y = 0.3 (Li 1.134 Ni 0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O2), and ( g -i ) for y = 0.5 (Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 ). | ||||
| 6 | figure | Fig. 6 | 10 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [94.79, 276.34, 405.08, 329.84] | Figure 6. TEM( a , d , g ), HRTEM ( b , e , h ), and SAED ( c , f , i ) images of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 powders: ( a -c ) for y = 0.0 (LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ), ( d -f ) for y = 0.3 (Li 1.134 Ni 0.2 Co0.2 Mn0.466 O2 ), and ( g -i ) for y = 0.5 (Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 ). | ||||
| 7 | figure | Fig. 7 | 11 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [69.58, 207.66, 455.02, 286.14] | Figure 7. ( a -c ) EDX spectra and ( d ) comparison between theoretical and experimental values for 3D elements of prepared y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. Figure 7. ( a -c ) EDX spectra and ( d ) comparison between theoretical and experimental values for 3D elements of prepared y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. | ||||
| 8 | figure | Fig. 8 | 12 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [168.68, 194.21, 320.55, 252.13] | Figure 8. ( a -c ) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms for y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. ( d ) Variation in specific surface area and pore volume as function of y (Li2MnO3). Figure 8. ( a -c ) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms for y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. ( d ) Variation in specific surface area and pore volume as function of y (Li2 MnO3). | ||||
| 9 | figure | Fig. 9 | 13 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [167.15, 445.95, 353.17, 287.91] | Figure 9. Raman scattering spectra of integrated y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 powders: ( a ) y = 0.0, ( b ) y = 0.3, ( c ) y = 0.5. ( d ) Frequency shift in the A 1g and E g modes against the composition. Figure 9. Raman scattering spectra of integrated y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 powders: ( a ) y = 0.0, ( b ) y = 0.3, ( c ) y = 0.5. ( d ) Frequency shift in the A 1g and E g modes against the composition. | ||||
| 10 | figure | Fig. 10 | 15 | nearby_text_caption | 0.82 | [167.04, 425.88, 385.23, 302.32] | Figure 10. Galvanostatic charge-discharge capacity curves recorded at C/10 rate in potential range 2.0-4.8 V vs. Li + /Li for ( a ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, ( b ) Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O, ( c ) Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 until 5 cycles, ( d ) Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 over 100 cycles. Figure 10. Galvanostatic charge-discharge capacity curves recorded at C/10 rate in potential range 2.0-4.8 V vs. Li + /Li for ( a ) LiNi1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 , ( b ) Li1.134 Ni 0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O, ( c ) Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O 2 until 5 cycles, ( d ) Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O 2 over 100 cycles. | ||||
| 11 | figure | Fig. 11 | 18 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [168.21, 73.65, 384.91, 288.72] | Figure 11. Differential capacity (-d Q /d V ) vs. V plots for ( a ) y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 e trodes at first cycle, ( b ) pristine LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, ( c ) Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O2, and Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 at 1st and 100th cycles. Figure 11. Differential capacity ( -d Q /d V ) vs. V plots for ( a ) y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 electrodes at first cycle, ( b ) pristine LiNi1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 , ( c ) Li1.134 Ni 0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O2, and ( d ) Li 1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O 2 at 1st and 100th cycles. | ||||
| 12 | figure | Fig. 12 | 19 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [77.11, 74.24, 440.2, 168.23] | Figure 12. ( a ) Cycling performance at C /10 rate and ( b ) rate capability for y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 electrodes. Figure 12. ( a ) Cycling performance at C /10 rate and ( b ) rate capability for y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 electrodes. | ||||
| 13 | figure | Fig. 13 | 21 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [167.62, 250.02, 333.51, 338.71] | Figure 13. EIS measurements ( Z ′′ vs. Z ′ plots) of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ( y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) electrodes: ( a ) Fresh electrodes, ( b ) after 50 cycles at a 0.1C rate, ( c ) equivalent model circuit. Plots of the real part of the impedance vs. ω -1/2 for ( d ) fresh electrodes and ( e ) after 100 cycles. | ||||
| 14 | figure | Fig. 14 | 24 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [168.12, 75.28, 359.46, 149.48] | Figure 14. Area-specific impedance (ASI) of parent and y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 ( y =0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) as a function of depth of discharge (DOD): ( a ) fresh cell and ( b ) after 100 cycles. Figure 14. Area-specific impedance (ASI) of parent and y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3 Mn1/3O2 ( y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) as a function of depth of discharge (DOD): ( a ) fresh cell and ( b ) after 100 cycles. | ||||
| 15 | table | Table 1 | 2 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [35.09, 600.89, 524.0, 58.97] | Table 1. Formulation of stoichiometric Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides studied in this work. | ||||
| 16 | table | Table 2 | 6 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [34.7, 117.65, 524.54, 359.36] | Table 2. Structural parameters obtained from Rietveld refinements of X-ray diffractograms of integrated y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 layered oxides synthesized by citric acid-assisted sol-gel method. | ||||
| 17 | table | Table 3 | 11 | nearby_text_caption | 0.82 | [34.9, 575.59, 524.42, 186.19] | Table 3. Rietveld and EDX analysis of Ni, Co, and Mn in the y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 composite powders in atomic percent (at. %) ratio of elements. Table 3. Rietveld and EDX analysis of Ni, Co, and Mn in the y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 composite powders in atomic percent (at. %) ratio of elements. | ||||
| 18 | table | Table 4 | 13 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [165.61, 125.85, 393.39, 83.72] | Table 4. BET results and pore structure parameters for y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 powders. | ||||
| 19 | table | Table 5 | 16 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [165.2, 115.71, 394.29, 283.88] | Table 5. Theoretical charge, discharge-specific capacities, irreversible capacities (IRs), and Coulombic efficiency (CE) of corresponding components in y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 based on mass ratio of electrode material compared with observed values corresponding to individual stage. | ||||
| 20 | table | Table 6 | 22 | direct_caption_ref | 0.82 | [34.66, 286.03, 524.8, 197.76] | Table 6. Fitting results of Nyquist plots for the y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 ( y =0.0, 0.3 and 0.5) electrodes before cycling and after 100 cycles. |
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| 1 | 0 | text | metadata | False | low | document_ui | document_ui | p1:front_matter:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.36, 99.81, 27.86, 9.4] | Article | Article | |||
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| 1 | 2 | text | affiliation | False | low | first_page_author_or_affiliation | first_page_author_or_affiliation | p1:body_region:0 | p1:front_matter:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.33, 165.68, 498.77, 11.22] | Ashraf E. Abdel-Ghany 1 , Rasha S. El-Tawil 1 , Ahmed M. Hashem 1 , Alain Mauger 2 and Christian M. Julien | Ashraf E. Abdel-Ghany 1 , Rasha S. El-Tawil 1 , Ahmed M. Hashem 1 , Alain Mauger 2 and Christian M. Julien | ||
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| 1 | 4 | list_item | metadata | False | medium | first_page_metadata | first_page_metadata | p1:body_region:0 | p1:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 200.1, 368.73, 30.61] | 1 Inorganic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, 33 El Bohouth St., (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; achraf_28@yahoo.com (A.E.A.-G.); r2samir@yahoo.com (R.S.E.-T.); ahmedh242@yahoo.com (A.M.H… | 1 Inorganic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, 33 El Bohouth St., (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; achraf_28@yahoo.com (A.E.A.-G.); r2samir@yahoo.com (R.S.E.-T.); ahmedh242@yahoo.com (A.M.H… | ||
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| 1 | 6 | list_item | metadata | False | low | first_page_metadata | first_page_metadata | p1:body_region:0 | p1:front_matter:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [165.68, 255.44, 213.34, 7.55] | Correspondence: christian.julien@sorbonne-universite.fr | Correspondence: christian.julien@sorbonne-universite.fr | ||
| 1 | 7 | text | abstract_candidate | False | medium | first_page_summary | first_page_summary | p1:body_region:0 | p1:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [165.97, 280.45, 395.04, 162.96] | Abstract: Integrated Li- and Mn-rich layered cathodes y Li2MnO3 · (1y )Li M O2 ( M = Mn, Co, and Ni) have shown their ability to deliver specific capacities close to 300 mAh g -1 , but their significant drawbacks are ca… | Abstract: Integrated Li- and Mn-rich layered cathodes y Li2MnO3 · (1y )Li M O2 ( M = Mn, Co, and Ni) have shown their ability to deliver specific capacities close to 300 mAh g -1 , but their significant drawbacks are ca… | ||
| 1 | 8 | text | front_matter_heading | False | low | outside_body_flow_front_matter_heading | outside_body_flow_front_matter_heading | p1:body_region:0 | p1:front_matter:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 459.93, 48.99, 9.21] | Keywords: | Keywords: | ||
| 1 | 9 | text | front_matter_candidate | False | low | outside_body_flow | outside_body_flow | p1:body_region:0 | p1:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [218.47, 459.85, 307.36, 9.44] | Li-rich compounds; layered oxides; cathode materials; Li-ion batteries | Li-rich compounds; layered oxides; cathode materials; Li-ion batteries | ||
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| 1 | 12 | text | reference | False | low | first_page_metadata | first_page_metadata | p1:body_zone:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.37, 585.45, 117.44, 90.09] | Citation: Abdel-Ghany, A.E.; El-Tawil, R.S.; Hashem, A.M.; Mauger, A.; Julien, C.M. Integrated Lithium-Rich y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Layered Cathode Nanomaterials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Int. J. Mol. Sci.… | Citation: Abdel-Ghany, A.E.; El-Tawil, R.S.; Hashem, A.M.; Mauger, A.; Julien, C.M. Integrated Lithium-Rich y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Layered Cathode Nanomaterials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Int. J. Mol. Sci.… | |||
| 1 | 13 | text | metadata | False | low | first_page_metadata | first_page_metadata | p1:body_zone:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.44, 533.76, 86.83, 42.39] | Received: 16 December 2024 Revised: 27 January 2025 Accepted: 31 January 2025 Published: 5 February 2025 | Received: 16 December 2024 Revised: 27 January 2025 Accepted: 31 January 2025 Published: 5 February 2025 | |||
| 1 | 14 | text | body | True | body | body | p1:body_region:0 | p1:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.12, 529.58, 394.41, 106.94] | Energy storage is a critical component of the energy industry's strategy to address increasing energy demands and transition towards renewable sources. One of the most effective energy storage systems is the rechargeabl… | Energy storage is a critical component of the energy industry's strategy to address increasing energy demands and transition towards renewable sources. One of the most effective energy storage systems is the rechargeabl… | |||
| 1 | 15 | text | metadata | False | medium | first_page_metadata | first_page_metadata | p1:bottom_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.44, 686.83, 111.91, 90.09] | Copyright: ©2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creative… | Copyright: ©2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( licenses/by/4.0… | |||
| 1 | 16 | text | body | True | body | body | p1:body_region:0 | p1:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 641.0, 394.54, 120.86] | However, there is growing interest in the Li- and Mn-rich layered cathodes y Li2MnO3 · (1y )Li M O2 ( M = Mn, Co, and Ni), due to their ability to deliver specific capacities close to 300 mAh g -1 [4-6]. These cathode m… | However, there is growing interest in the Li- and Mn-rich layered cathodes y Li2MnO3 · (1y )Li M O2 ( M = Mn, Co, and Ni), due to their ability to deliver specific capacities close to 300 mAh g -1 [4-6]. These cathode m… | |||
| 1 | 17 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | docling_page_footer | docling_page_footer | p1:bottom_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 805.75, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 1 | 18 | page_footer | page_footer | False | low | first_page_metadata | first_page_metadata | p1:body_region:0 | p1:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [422.25, 805.86, 137.02, 7.55] | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26031346 | |||
| 2 | 19 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p2:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 2 | 20 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p2:body_region:0 | p2:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [536.33, 38.33, 22.95, 7.55] | 2 of 30 | 2 of 30 | ||
| 2 | 21 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:0 | p2:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 75.05, 394.54, 79.08] | this LixMnO2 phase converts into a spinel phase as reported in ref. [13]. The electrochemical properties-such as specific capacity, rate capability and cycling stability-of these integrated cathodes depend on their comp… | this LixMnO2 phase converts into a spinel phase as reported in ref. [13]. The electrochemical properties-such as specific capacity, rate capability and cycling stability-of these integrated cathodes depend on their comp… | |||
| 2 | 22 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:0 | p2:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.07, 158.62, 394.86, 148.72] | Various compositions of Li-ion cathodes have been the subject of extensive research. Amalraj et al. [15] investigated several compositions, reporting a maximum capacity of 250 mAh g -1 for y Li2MnO3 · (1y )Li M O2 ( y =… | Various compositions of Li-ion cathodes have been the subject of extensive research. Amalraj et al. [15] investigated several compositions, reporting a maximum capacity of 250 mAh g -1 for y Li2MnO3 · (1y )Li M O2 ( y =… | |||
| 2 | 23 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:0 | p2:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.09, 311.82, 394.84, 93.01] | The current study aims to further explore and identify the optimal combination of y Li2MnO2 · (1y )LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2, y Li2MnO3 · (1y )Li M O2, also formulated as Li[Li (1/3-2x/3)NixCoxMn(2/3-x/3)]O2. The significa… | The current study aims to further explore and identify the optimal combination of y Li2MnO2 · (1y )LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2, y Li2MnO3 · (1y )Li M O2, also formulated as Li[Li (1/3-2x/3)NixCoxMn(2/3-x/3)]O2. The significa… | |||
| 2 | 24 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:0 | p2:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [165.97, 409.32, 394.96, 162.65] | In this study, the new stoichiometric high-voltage Li-rich integrated cathode materials y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 (where y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) or Li[Li (1-3x)/3NixCoxMn(2-3x)/3]O2 (where x = 1/3, 0.2, and… | In this study, the new stoichiometric high-voltage Li-rich integrated cathode materials y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 (where y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) or Li[Li (1-3x)/3NixCoxMn(2-3x)/3]O2 (where x = 1/3, 0.2, and… | |||
| 2 | 25 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p2:body_region:0 | p2:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.1, 583.47, 361.43, 8.5] | Table 1. Formulation of stoichiometric Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides studied in this work. | Table 1. Formulation of stoichiometric Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides studied in this work. | ||
| 2 | 26 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p2:body_region:0 | p2:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 678.46, 139.51, 11.05] | 2. Materials and Methods | 2. Materials and Methods | ||
| 2 | 27 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p2:body_region:0 | p2:body_zone:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 695.88, 98.01, 9.4] | 2.1. Materials Synthesis | 2.1. Materials Synthesis | ||
| 2 | 28 | text | body | True | body | body | p2:body_region:0 | p2:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.09, 712.61, 394.84, 66.65] | The oxide powders y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 C 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 (y = 0.0, 0.3 and 0.5) were prepared by the sol-gel method as illustrated in Figure 1. The precursor was prepared using acetate salts as the source of metal ion… | The oxide powders y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 C 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 (y = 0.0, 0.3 and 0.5) were prepared by the sol-gel method as illustrated in Figure 1. The precursor was prepared using acetate salts as the source of metal ion… | |||
| 3 | 29 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p3:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 3 | 30 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p3:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [536.33, 38.33, 22.95, 7.55] | 3 of 30 | 3 of 30 | |||
| 3 | 31 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p3:front_matter:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [119.89, 100.88, 47.67, 6.79] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. | Int. J. Mol. Sci. | |||
| 3 | 32 | text | body | True | body | body | p3:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [165.9, 75.05, 428.2, 190.56] | starting materials for all the samples. The stoichiometric amounts of these salts were mixed and dissolved in deionized water under continuous stirring for 1 h. An excess of 7 mol% Li was introduced to account for poten… | starting materials for all the samples. The stoichiometric amounts of these salts were mixed and dissolved in deionized water under continuous stirring for 1 h. An excess of 7 mol% Li was introduced to account for poten… | ||||
| 3 | 33 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p3:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 473.63, 426.65, 22.0] | Figure 1. Schematic representation of the synthesis of integrated y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3 cathode materials using the citric acid assisted sol-gel method (acetate route). Figure 1. Schematic representation of t… | Figure 1. Schematic representation of the synthesis of integrated y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3 cathode materials using the citric acid assisted sol-gel method (acetate route). Figure 1. Schematic representation of t… | |||
| 3 | 34 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p3:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 506.16, 194.77, 10.99] | 2.2. Materials' Characterization 2.2. Materials' Characterization | 2.2. Materials' Characterization 2.2. Materials' Characterization | |||
| 3 | 35 | text | body | True | body | body | p3:body_zone:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [165.97, 520.74, 429.19, 236.34] | The phase and structure of the final product were analyzed by X-ray diffracti (XRD) using the Philips X'Pert apparatus equipped with a CuKα X-ray source (λ = 1.540 Å). Data were collected in the 2 θ range 10-80° at a st… | The phase and structure of the final product were analyzed by X-ray diffracti (XRD) using the Philips X'Pert apparatus equipped with a CuKα X-ray source (λ = 1.540 Å). Data were collected in the 2 θ range 10-80° at a st… | ||||
| 3 | 36 | text | body | True | body | body | p3:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [240.08, 756.88, 352.01, 8.41] | were fabricated by mixing 80 wt.% active material, 10 wt.% carbon black (as a conducti | were fabricated by mixing 80 wt.% active material, 10 wt.% carbon black (as a conducti | ||||
| 4 | 37 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p4:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 4 | 38 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p4:body_region:0 | p4:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [536.33, 38.33, 22.95, 7.55] | 4 of 30 | 4 of 30 | ||
| 4 | 39 | text | body | True | body | body | p4:body_region:0 | p4:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 72.82, 392.88, 25.6] | calibration was routinely verified using the 520 cm -1 Raman peak of a silicon crystal as a reference. | calibration was routinely verified using the 520 cm -1 Raman peak of a silicon crystal as a reference. | |||
| 4 | 40 | text | body | True | body | body | p4:body_region:0 | p4:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [165.97, 102.91, 394.55, 204.43] | Electrochemical tests were conducted using CR2025-type coin cells. The cathodes were fabricated by mixing 80 wt.% active material, 10 wt.% carbon black (as a conductive agent), and 10 wt.% polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) … | Electrochemical tests were conducted using CR2025-type coin cells. The cathodes were fabricated by mixing 80 wt.% active material, 10 wt.% carbon black (as a conductive agent), and 10 wt.% polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) … | |||
| 4 | 41 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p4:body_region:0 | p4:body_zone:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 322.52, 53.16, 11.05] | 3. Results | 3. Results | ||
| 4 | 42 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p4:body_region:0 | p4:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 339.94, 119.78, 9.4] | 3.1. Structural Investigations | 3.1. Structural Investigations | ||
| 4 | 43 | text | body | True | body | body | p4:body_region:0 | p4:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [165.97, 356.67, 395.04, 246.53] | The X-ray diffraction patterns of the as-prepared y Li2MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3Mn1/3O2 powders are shown in Figure 2a, while magnified diffractograms in the 2 θ range 43-46 ◦ and 63-67 ◦ are presented in Figures 2b … | The X-ray diffraction patterns of the as-prepared y Li2MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3Mn1/3O2 powders are shown in Figure 2a, while magnified diffractograms in the 2 θ range 43-46 ◦ and 63-67 ◦ are presented in Figures 2b … | |||
| 4 | 44 | text | body | True | body | body | p4:body_region:0 | p4:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.09, 607.68, 394.17, 162.65] | The clear separation of diffraction doublets, such as the (006)/(012) and (108)/(110) peaks, in Li-rich layered cathode materials provides valuable insights into the material's structural and electrochemical properties.… | The clear separation of diffraction doublets, such as the (006)/(012) and (108)/(110) peaks, in Li-rich layered cathode materials provides valuable insights into the material's structural and electrochemical properties.… | |||
| 5 | 45 | text | body | True | body | body | p5:body_region:0 | p5:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [162.73, 10.34, 398.6, 9.27] | solid lines are the calculated spectra. The minimal difference between calculated and ex- | solid lines are the calculated spectra. The minimal difference between calculated and ex- | |||
| 5 | 46 | text | body | True | body | body | p5:body_region:0 | p5:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [162.73, 23.3, 400.91, 9.27] | perimental diffractograms highlights the high quality of the fitting process. This is further | perimental diffractograms highlights the high quality of the fitting process. This is further | |||
| 5 | 47 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p5:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 5 | 48 | text | body | True | body | body | p5:body_region:0 | p5:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [162.73, 36.39, 312.7, 9.27] | supported by the low values of residual and reliability parameters ( | supported by the low values of residual and reliability parameters ( | |||
| 5 | 49 | text | body | True | body | body | p5:body_region:0 | p5:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [475.84, 36.39, 6.72, 9.27] | R | R | |||
| 5 | 50 | text | body | True | body | body | p5:body_region:0 | p5:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [482.45, 36.39, 8.7, 9.27] | p, | p, | |||
| 5 | 51 | text | body | True | body | body | p5:body_region:0 | p5:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [492.3, 36.39, 6.72, 9.27] | R | R | |||
| 5 | 52 | text | body | True | body | body | p5:body_region:0 | p5:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [498.91, 36.39, 30.85, 9.27] | w, and | w, and | |||
| 5 | 53 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p5:body_region:0 | p5:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [530.92, 36.39, 30.68, 9.5] | 5 of 30 χ 2) ob- | 5 of 30 χ 2) ob- | ||
| 5 | 54 | text | body | True | body | body | p5:body_region:0 | p5:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [162.73, 49.35, 398.51, 9.27] | tained from the Rietveld refinement, which confirm the successful identification of the as- | tained from the Rietveld refinement, which confirm the successful identification of the as- | |||
| 5 | 55 | text | body | True | body | body | p5:body_region:0 | p5:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [162.73, 62.31, 400.9, 9.27] | prepared samples even in the presence of both rhombohedral and monoclinic phases. | prepared samples even in the presence of both rhombohedral and monoclinic phases. | |||
| 5 | 56 | text | body | True | body | body | p5:body_region:0 | p5:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [162.73, 75.05, 401.0, 37.3] | improved activation of the Li2MnO3 phase. They also exhibit better cycling stability, as a more ordered structure resists phase transitions and mechanical strain during repeated lithium intercalation/deintercalation. Th… | improved activation of the Li2MnO3 phase. They also exhibit better cycling stability, as a more ordered structure resists phase transitions and mechanical strain during repeated lithium intercalation/deintercalation. Th… | |||
| 5 | 57 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p5:body_region:0 | p5:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [162.73, 450.11, 400.96, 46.96] | Figure 2. ( a ) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of integrated layered cathode materials. ( b ) XRD reflections at ca. 2 θ = 44.5°, ( c ) detailed XRD patterns in the 2 θ range 63-67°, and ( d -f ) Rietveld refinements … | Figure 2. ( a ) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of integrated layered cathode materials. ( b ) XRD reflections at ca. 2 θ = 44.5°, ( c ) detailed XRD patterns in the 2 θ range 63-67°, and ( d -f ) Rietveld refinements … | ||
| 5 | 58 | text | body | True | body | body | p5:body_region:0 | p5:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [162.73, 510.6, 401.33, 233.34] | Figure 3a-d presents the structural analysis of the y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 samples as a function of y content. The lattice parameters ( a and c ) and the c / a ratio are summarized in Table 2. Across a wide c… | Figure 3a-d presents the structural analysis of the y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 samples as a function of y content. The lattice parameters ( a and c ) and the c / a ratio are summarized in Table 2. Across a wide c… | |||
| 6 | 59 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p6:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 6 | 60 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p6:body_region:0 | p6:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [536.33, 38.33, 22.95, 7.55] | 6 of 30 | 6 of 30 | ||
| 6 | 61 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p6:body_region:0 | p6:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.1, 74.74, 394.66, 34.14] | Table 2. Structural parameters obtained from Rietveld refinements of X-ray diffractograms of integrated y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 layered oxides synthesized by citric acid-assisted sol-gel method. | Table 2. Structural parameters obtained from Rietveld refinements of X-ray diffractograms of integrated y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 layered oxides synthesized by citric acid-assisted sol-gel method. | ||
| 6 | 62 | text | body | True | body | body | p6:body_region:0 | p6:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 480.48, 392.88, 19.61] | a Peak intensity ratios were obtained from normalized patterns. b S (MO2) = 2((1/3) -Zoxy )c is the thickness of the metal-O2 planes. c I (LiO2) = c /3 -S ( MO 2 ) is the thickness of the interslab space. | a Peak intensity ratios were obtained from normalized patterns. b S (MO2) = 2((1/3) -Zoxy )c is the thickness of the metal-O2 planes. c I (LiO2) = c /3 -S ( MO 2 ) is the thickness of the interslab space. | |||
| 6 | 63 | text | body | True | body | body | p6:body_region:0 | p6:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.0, 515.54, 395.01, 260.46] | Figure 3a-d presents the structural analysis of the y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 C 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 samples as a function of y content. The lattice parameters ( a and c ) and the c / a ratio are summarized in Table 2. Across a… | Figure 3a-d presents the structural analysis of the y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 C 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 samples as a function of y content. The lattice parameters ( a and c ) and the c / a ratio are summarized in Table 2. Across a… | |||
| 7 | 64 | text | body | True | body | body | p7:body_region:0 | p7:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [238.53, 3.75, 356.49, 8.41] | cation mixing, which allows for more uniform and efficient bonding, further enhancin | cation mixing, which allows for more uniform and efficient bonding, further enhancin | |||
| 7 | 65 | text | body | True | body | body | p7:body_region:0 | p7:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [238.53, 15.62, 356.24, 8.41] | the material's structural integrity and symmetry. Low cation mixing (reflected by a hig | the material's structural integrity and symmetry. Low cation mixing (reflected by a hig | |||
| 7 | 66 | text | body | True | body | body | p7:body_region:0 | p7:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [238.53, 27.38, 6.1, 8.41] | R | R | |||
| 7 | 67 | text | body | True | body | body | p7:body_region:0 | p7:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [244.65, 27.38, 40.2, 8.41] | 1 and low | 1 and low | |||
| 7 | 68 | text | body | True | body | body | p7:body_region:0 | p7:top_margin:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [284.87, 27.38, 6.1, 8.41] | R | R | |||
| 7 | 69 | text | body | True | body | body | p7:body_region:0 | p7:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [290.87, 27.38, 301.32, 8.41] | 2) generally leads to better ordering in hexagonal systems, as the positions | 2) generally leads to better ordering in hexagonal systems, as the positions | |||
| 7 | 70 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p7:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 7 | 71 | text | body | True | body | body | p7:body_region:0 | p7:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [238.53, 38.33, 356.55, 9.23] | 7 of 30 cations are more predictable, allowing the crystal lattice to adopt an idealized, low-energ | 7 of 30 cations are more predictable, allowing the crystal lattice to adopt an idealized, low-energ | |||
| 7 | 72 | text | body | True | body | body | p7:body_region:0 | p7:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [238.53, 51.02, 356.05, 8.41] | configuration. These factors contribute to a more stable, ordered material with improve | configuration. These factors contribute to a more stable, ordered material with improve | |||
| 7 | 73 | text | body | True | body | body | p7:body_region:0 | p7:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [238.53, 62.78, 263.92, 8.41] | properties, such as enhanced conductivity or structural stability. | properties, such as enhanced conductivity or structural stability. | |||
| 7 | 74 | text | body | True | body | body | p7:body_region:0 | p7:page_body:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 74.66, 428.67, 121.26] | mixing. R 2 < 1.0 indicates a more regular or symmetric arrangement of cations, implying better structural ordering within the crystal lattice. A value of R 2 less than 1.0 suggests reduced disorder and the absence of s… | mixing. R 2 < 1.0 indicates a more regular or symmetric arrangement of cations, implying better structural ordering within the crystal lattice. A value of R 2 less than 1.0 suggests reduced disorder and the absence of s… | |||
| 7 | 75 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p7:body_region:0 | p7:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.1, 505.59, 394.75, 48.68] | Figure 3. Structural properties of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 samples as a function of y (Li 2MnO3). ( a ) Evolution of the refined lattice parameters a hex and c hex using an hexagonal system. ( b ) … | Figure 3. Structural properties of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 samples as a function of y (Li 2MnO3). ( a ) Evolution of the refined lattice parameters a hex and c hex using an hexagonal system. ( b ) … | ||
| 7 | 76 | text | body | True | body | body | p7:body_region:0 | p7:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.06, 567.28, 394.95, 134.92] | As seen in Figure 3c, all the samples exhibit R 1 values greater than 1.2 and R 2 values below 0.5, confirming their well-ordered structure and minimal cation mixing. This observation provides further evidence that all … | As seen in Figure 3c, all the samples exhibit R 1 values greater than 1.2 and R 2 values below 0.5, confirming their well-ordered structure and minimal cation mixing. This observation provides further evidence that all … | |||
| 7 | 77 | text | body | True | body | body | p7:body_region:0 | p7:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.12, 706.69, 394.41, 66.56] | To gain deeper insights into the structural properties of integrated y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 C1/3 Mn1/3 O2 oxides, the TM slab thickness ( S (MO2) ) and interslab thickness ( I (LiO2) ) were calculated using the hexago… | To gain deeper insights into the structural properties of integrated y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 C1/3 Mn1/3 O2 oxides, the TM slab thickness ( S (MO2) ) and interslab thickness ( I (LiO2) ) were calculated using the hexago… | |||
| 8 | 78 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p8:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 8 | 79 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p8:body_region:0 | p8:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [536.33, 38.33, 22.95, 7.55] | 8 of 30 | 8 of 30 | ||
| 8 | 80 | text | body | True | body | body | p8:body_region:0 | p8:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.09, 73.06, 394.84, 136.78] | the reduced amount of Ni 2+ ions in the interslab space with a higher LiMn2O3 content, resulting in weaker screening between the oxygen layers in the interslab region. The increase in I (LiO2) can facilitate the rapid d… | the reduced amount of Ni 2+ ions in the interslab space with a higher LiMn2O3 content, resulting in weaker screening between the oxygen layers in the interslab region. The increase in I (LiO2) can facilitate the rapid d… | |||
| 8 | 81 | text | body | True | body | body | p8:front_matter:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [36.96, 247.17, 48.64, 6.93] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. | Int. J. Mol. Sci. | ||||
| 8 | 82 | text | body | True | body | body | p8:front_matter:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [85.56, 247.17, 15.09, 6.93] | 2024 | 2024 | ||||
| 8 | 83 | text | unknown_text | False | medium | empty_after_cleaning | empty_after_cleaning | p8:front_matter:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [100.68, 247.17, 1.89, 6.93] | , | ||||
| 8 | 84 | text | body | True | body | body | p8:front_matter:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [102.48, 247.17, 9.43, 6.93] | 25 | 25 | ||||
| 8 | 85 | text | body | True | body | body | p8:body_region:0 | p8:front_matter:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [111.96, 247.17, 448.97, 166.95] | where λ is the X-ray wavelength, K is the shape factor, B hkl is the line broadening of a Bragg reflection (hkl), and Lc is the effective crystallite size. The first member (B hkl cos θ hkl ) is reported as a function o… | where λ is the X-ray wavelength, K is the shape factor, B hkl is the line broadening of a Bragg reflection (hkl), and Lc is the effective crystallite size. The first member (B hkl cos θ hkl ) is reported as a function o… | |||
| 8 | 86 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p8:body_region:0 | p8:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [159.6, 579.54, 399.68, 35.36] | Figure 4. ( a ) Analysis of microstrain from the full-width B at half-maximum of the XRD peaks according to Equation (1) ( b ) Evolution of the crystallite size and strain field (see Equation (1)) as a Figure 4. ( a ) A… | Figure 4. ( a ) Analysis of microstrain from the full-width B at half-maximum of the XRD peaks according to Equation (1) ( b ) Evolution of the crystallite size and strain field (see Equation (1)) as a Figure 4. ( a ) A… | ||
| 8 | 87 | text | caption | False | low | caption_fragment | caption_fragment | p8:body_region:0 | p8:front_matter:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [159.6, 615.04, 110.33, 7.76] | function of Li2MnO3 content ( | function of Li2MnO3 content ( | ||
| 8 | 88 | text | body | True | body | body | p8:body_region:0 | p8:front_matter:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [269.88, 615.04, 4.22, 7.76] | y | y | |||
| 8 | 89 | text | caption | False | low | caption_fragment | caption_fragment | p8:body_region:0 | p8:front_matter:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [274.08, 615.04, 7.03, 7.76] | ). | |||
| 8 | 90 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p8:body_region:0 | p8:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 625.81, 145.94, 9.4] | 3.2. Morphological Characterization | 3.2. Morphological Characterization | ||
| 8 | 91 | text | body | True | body | body | p8:body_region:0 | p8:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [159.6, 637.44, 401.42, 143.95] | 3.2. Morphological Characterization It is well established that particle size, surface morphology, and particle distribution are crucial factors influencing the performance of Li-ion batteries. Electron microscopy analy… | 3.2. Morphological Characterization It is well established that particle size, surface morphology, and particle distribution are crucial factors influencing the performance of Li-ion batteries. Electron microscopy analy… | |||
| 8 | 92 | text | body | True | body | body | p8:body_region:0 | p8:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [159.6, 784.92, 371.26, 8.59] | uniform structure. Additionally, the increased Li concentration reduces the crystal surface | uniform structure. Additionally, the increased Li concentration reduces the crystal surface | |||
| 8 | 93 | text | body | True | body | body | p8:body_region:0 | p8:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [159.6, 796.8, 368.84, 8.59] | energy, which can induce atomic-level changes in the crystal structure, leading to the for- | energy, which can induce atomic-level changes in the crystal structure, leading to the for- | |||
| 8 | 94 | text | body | True | body | body | p8:body_region:0 | p8:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [159.6, 808.92, 371.24, 8.59] | mation of defects or the nucleation of smaller particles during synthesis. These effects help | mation of defects or the nucleation of smaller particles during synthesis. These effects help | |||
| 8 | 95 | text | body | True | body | body | p8:body_region:0 | p8:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [159.6, 820.92, 371.28, 8.59] | control particle growth, promoting the formation of smaller, more uniform particles. For | control particle growth, promoting the formation of smaller, more uniform particles. For | |||
| 8 | 96 | text | body | True | body | body | p8:body_region:0 | p8:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [159.6, 833.04, 369.09, 8.59] | example, the Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 powder (Figure 5g,h) exhibits particles with a thick- | example, the Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 powder (Figure 5g,h) exhibits particles with a thick- | |||
| 9 | 97 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [161.17, 4.45, 92.07, 7.98] | (SAED) patterns of the | (SAED) patterns of the | |||
| 9 | 98 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [254.24, 4.45, 4.35, 7.98] | y | y | |||
| 9 | 99 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [258.59, 4.45, 46.18, 7.98] | Li₂MnO₃∙(1- | Li₂MnO₃∙(1- | |||
| 9 | 100 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [304.91, 4.45, 4.35, 7.98] | y | y | |||
| 9 | 101 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [309.26, 4.45, 197.41, 7.98] | )LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O₂ powders are shown in Figure | )LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O₂ powders are shown in Figure | |||
| 9 | 102 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [161.17, 15.72, 331.24, 7.98] | 6c,f,i. The lattice patterns confirm the highly crystalline nature of all the samples. At | 6c,f,i. The lattice patterns confirm the highly crystalline nature of all the samples. At | |||
| 9 | 103 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [493.18, 15.72, 6.52, 7.98] | y | y | |||
| 9 | 104 | text | unknown_text | False | medium | empty_after_cleaning | empty_after_cleaning | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [500.21, 15.72, 6.52, 7.98] | = | |||
| 9 | 105 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [161.17, 26.88, 345.27, 7.98] | 0.0 (Figure 6c), the SAED pattern shows only one type of reflection, corresponding to the | 0.0 (Figure 6c), the SAED pattern shows only one type of reflection, corresponding to the | |||
| 9 | 106 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p9:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 9 | 107 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [161.17, 38.04, 57.72, 7.98] | rhombohedral | rhombohedral | |||
| 9 | 108 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [218.53, 38.04, 8.69, 7.98] | R- | R- | |||
| 9 | 109 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [227.23, 38.04, 4.35, 7.98] | 3 | 3 | ||
| 9 | 110 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [231.59, 38.04, 6.75, 7.98] | m | m | ||
| 9 | 111 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [238.51, 38.04, 101.98, 7.98] | phase. With an increasing | phase. With an increasing | |||
| 9 | 112 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [340.17, 38.04, 4.35, 7.98] | y | y | |||
| 9 | 113 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [344.64, 38.04, 162.0, 7.98] | , (Figure 6f,i), new reflections emerge, and | , (Figure 6f,i), new reflections emerge, and | |||
| 9 | 114 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [536.33, 38.33, 22.95, 7.55] | 9 of 30 | 9 of 30 | ||
| 9 | 115 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [161.17, 49.31, 345.34, 7.98] | the SAED patterns predominantly consist of two types of reflections: strong fundamental | the SAED patterns predominantly consist of two types of reflections: strong fundamental | |||
| 9 | 116 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:body_region:0 | p9:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [161.17, 60.47, 345.29, 7.98] | reflections (marked as solid white arrows) indicating the presence of the rhombohedral | reflections (marked as solid white arrows) indicating the presence of the rhombohedral | |||
| 9 | 117 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [161.17, 71.74, 399.35, 124.17] | size can be attributed to the increased Li content, which not only enhances phase stability but also promotes a more uniform structure. Additionally, the increased Li concentration reduces the crystal surface energy, wh… | size can be attributed to the increased Li content, which not only enhances phase stability but also promotes a more uniform structure. Additionally, the increased Li concentration reduces the crystal surface energy, wh… | |||
| 9 | 118 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [208, 208, 208] gray | True | [382.15, 208.78, 3.77, 3.28] | 30 | 30 | ||
| 9 | 119 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [132, 132, 132] gray | True | [382.15, 214.69, 3.77, 3.28] | 28 | 28 | ||
| 9 | 120 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [244, 244, 244] gray | True | [392.18, 215.43, 6.45, 5.11] | (c) | (c) | ||
| 9 | 121 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [233, 233, 233] gray | True | [434.26, 213.19, 59.64, 4.02] | Average particle size 306 (nm) | Average particle size 306 (nm) | ||
| 9 | 122 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [206, 206, 206] gray | True | [382.15, 220.61, 3.77, 3.28] | 26 | 26 | ||
| 9 | 123 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [214, 214, 214] gray | True | [382.15, 226.52, 3.77, 3.28] | 24 | 24 | ||
| 9 | 124 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [160, 160, 160] gray | True | [382.15, 232.44, 3.77, 3.28] | 22 | 22 | ||
| 9 | 125 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [167, 167, 167] gray | True | [382.15, 238.46, 3.77, 3.28] | 20 | 20 | ||
| 9 | 126 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [230, 230, 230] gray | True | [375.0, 241.4, 5.09, 27.05] | Count (%) | Count (%) | ||
| 9 | 127 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [193, 193, 193] gray | False | [382.15, 244.38, 3.77, 3.28] | 18 | 18 | ||
| 9 | 128 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [193, 193, 193] gray | False | [382.15, 250.29, 3.77, 3.28] | 16 | 16 | ||
| 9 | 129 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [201, 201, 201] gray | False | [382.15, 256.21, 3.77, 3.28] | 14 | 14 | ||
| 9 | 130 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [210, 210, 210] gray | False | [382.15, 262.12, 3.77, 3.28] | 12 | 12 | ||
| 9 | 131 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [206, 206, 206] gray | False | [382.15, 268.04, 3.77, 3.28] | 10 | 10 | ||
| 9 | 132 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [131, 131, 131] gray | True | [384.05, 274.06, 1.88, 3.28] | 8 | 8 | ||
| 9 | 133 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [158, 158, 158] gray | True | [384.05, 279.98, 1.88, 3.28] | 6 | 6 | ||
| 9 | 134 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [209, 209, 209] gray | True | [384.05, 285.89, 1.88, 3.28] | 4 | 4 | ||
| 9 | 135 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [140, 140, 140] gray | True | [384.05, 291.81, 1.88, 3.28] | 2 | 2 | ||
| 9 | 136 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [148, 148, 148] gray | True | [384.05, 297.72, 1.88, 3.28] | 0 | 0 | ||
| 9 | 137 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [182, 182, 182] gray | True | [386.95, 301.74, 1.88, 3.28] | 0 | 0 | ||
| 9 | 138 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [186, 186, 186] gray | True | [395.97, 301.74, 5.7, 3.28] | 100 | 100 | ||
| 9 | 139 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [158, 158, 158] gray | True | [406.92, 301.74, 5.67, 3.28] | 200 | 200 | ||
| 9 | 140 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [163, 163, 163] gray | True | [417.98, 301.74, 5.56, 3.28] | 300 | 300 | ||
| 9 | 141 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:white | [251, 251, 251] white | True | [418.62, 307.86, 43.49, 5.09] | Particle size (nm) | Particle size (nm) | ||
| 9 | 142 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [156, 156, 156] gray | True | [428.89, 301.74, 5.56, 3.28] | 400 | 400 | ||
| 9 | 143 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [156, 156, 156] gray | True | [439.85, 301.74, 5.56, 3.28] | 500 | 500 | ||
| 9 | 144 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [163, 163, 163] gray | True | [450.66, 301.74, 5.7, 3.28] | 600 | 600 | ||
| 9 | 145 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [170, 170, 170] gray | True | [461.61, 301.74, 5.67, 3.28] | 700 | 700 | ||
| 9 | 146 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [152, 152, 152] gray | True | [472.67, 301.74, 5.56, 3.28] | 800 | 800 | ||
| 9 | 147 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [162, 162, 162] gray | True | [483.59, 301.74, 5.56, 3.28] | 900 | 900 | ||
| 9 | 148 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [163, 163, 163] gray | True | [493.53, 301.74, 7.46, 3.28] | 1000 | 1000 | ||
| 9 | 149 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:white | [253, 253, 253] white | False | [380.58, 327.04, 3.84, 3.3] | 14 | 14 | ||
| 9 | 150 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [197, 197, 197] gray | True | [391.39, 328.44, 5.37, 5.15] | (f) | (f) | ||
| 9 | 151 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [228, 228, 228] gray | True | [435.38, 326.0, 61.24, 4.05] | Average particle size 197 (nm) | Average particle size 197 (nm) | ||
| 9 | 152 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:white | [250, 250, 250] white | True | [380.58, 339.09, 3.84, 3.3] | 12 | 12 | ||
| 9 | 153 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:white | [253, 253, 253] white | True | [380.58, 351.03, 3.84, 3.3] | 10 | 10 | ||
| 9 | 154 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:white | [249, 249, 249] white | True | [374.65, 353.96, 5.11, 27.22] | Count (%) | Count (%) | ||
| 9 | 155 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [178, 178, 178] gray | True | [382.47, 362.97, 1.93, 3.3] | 8 | 8 | ||
| 9 | 156 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [206, 206, 206] gray | True | [382.47, 374.91, 1.93, 3.3] | 6 | 6 | ||
| 9 | 157 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [240, 240, 240] gray | True | [382.47, 386.85, 1.93, 3.3] | 4 | 4 | ||
| 9 | 158 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | True | [382.47, 398.8, 1.93, 3.3] | 2 | 2 | ||
| 9 | 159 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | True | [382.47, 410.74, 1.93, 3.3] | 0 | 0 | ||
| 9 | 160 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [211, 211, 211] gray | True | [384.48, 414.76, 3.94, 3.3] | 50 | 50 | ||
| 9 | 161 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [182, 182, 182] gray | True | [396.1, 414.76, 5.71, 3.3] | 100 | 100 | ||
| 9 | 162 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:white | [253, 253, 253] white | True | [408.48, 414.76, 5.81, 3.3] | 150 | 150 | ||
| 9 | 163 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [200, 200, 200] gray | True | [420.97, 414.76, 5.85, 3.3] | 200 | 200 | ||
| 9 | 164 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [204, 204, 204] gray | True | [433.49, 414.76, 5.81, 3.3] | 250 | 250 | ||
| 9 | 165 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [177, 177, 177] gray | True | [445.98, 414.76, 5.71, 3.3] | 300 | 300 | ||
| 9 | 166 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [233, 233, 233] gray | True | [458.36, 414.76, 5.85, 3.3] | 350 | 350 | ||
| 9 | 167 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [195, 195, 195] gray | True | [470.85, 414.76, 5.85, 3.3] | 400 | 400 | ||
| 9 | 168 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [182, 182, 182] gray | True | [483.37, 414.76, 5.71, 3.3] | 450 | 450 | ||
| 9 | 169 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [205, 205, 205] gray | True | [495.86, 414.76, 5.71, 3.3] | 500 | 500 | ||
| 9 | 170 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [420.41, 421.56, 44.33, 5.11] | Particle size (nm) | Particle size (nm) | ||
| 9 | 171 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [203, 203, 203] gray | True | [382.36, 436.78, 3.81, 3.25] | 10 | 10 | ||
| 9 | 172 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [233, 233, 233] gray | True | [393.08, 443.7, 5.03, 5.08] | (i) | (i) | ||
| 9 | 173 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [237, 237, 237] gray | True | [438.82, 441.09, 56.97, 4.0] | Average particle size 131 (nm) | Average particle size 131 (nm) | ||
| 9 | 174 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [189, 189, 189] gray | True | [384.26, 454.42, 1.9, 3.25] | 8 | 8 | ||
| 9 | 175 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | True | [375.25, 469.14, 5.05, 26.87] | Count (%) | Count (%) | ||
| 9 | 176 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [197, 197, 197] gray | True | [384.26, 472.05, 1.9, 3.25] | 6 | 6 | ||
| 9 | 177 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [204, 204, 204] gray | True | [384.26, 489.79, 1.9, 3.25] | 4 | 4 | ||
| 9 | 178 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [237, 237, 237] gray | True | [384.26, 507.42, 1.9, 3.25] | 2 | 2 | ||
| 9 | 179 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [179, 179, 179] gray | True | [384.26, 525.17, 1.9, 3.25] | 0 | 0 | ||
| 9 | 180 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [161, 161, 161] gray | True | [386.26, 529.74, 3.81, 3.25] | 50 | 50 | ||
| 9 | 181 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [189, 189, 189] gray | True | [422.2, 529.74, 5.69, 3.25] | 100 | 100 | ||
| 9 | 182 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [192, 192, 192] gray | True | [459.03, 529.74, 5.69, 3.25] | 150 | 150 | ||
| 9 | 183 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:gray | [176, 176, 176] gray | True | [495.86, 529.74, 5.69, 3.25] | 200 | 200 | ||
| 9 | 184 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right:off_white | [246, 246, 246] off_white | True | [419.29, 536.11, 43.96, 5.05] | Particle size (nm) | Particle size (nm) | ||
| 9 | 185 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p9:body_region:0 | p9:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 556.53, 392.88, 34.14] | Figure 5. SEM images at magnifications of 10 k and 50 k and particle-size distribution of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 powders: ( a -c ) for y = 0.0 (LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ), ( d -f ) for y = 0.3 (L… | Figure 5. SEM images at magnifications of 10 k and 50 k and particle-size distribution of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 powders: ( a -c ) for y = 0.0 (LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ), ( d -f ) for y = 0.3 (L… | ||
| 9 | 186 | text | body | True | body | body | p9:body_region:0 | p9:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.06, 601.19, 394.95, 176.89] | Figure 6 presents TEM images of the y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 powders, showing homogeneous, sphere-like particles with sizes in the range 100-200 nm. The corresponding HRTEM images (Figure 6b,e,h) reveal d… | Figure 6 presents TEM images of the y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 powders, showing homogeneous, sphere-like particles with sizes in the range 100-200 nm. The corresponding HRTEM images (Figure 6b,e,h) reveal d… | |||
| 10 | 187 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p10:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [50.04, 5.82, 45.24, 6.45] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. | Int. J. Mol. Sci. | |||
| 10 | 188 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p10:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [95.24, 5.82, 14.03, 6.45] | 2024 | 2024 | |||
| 10 | 189 | text | unknown_text | False | medium | empty_after_cleaning | empty_after_cleaning | p10:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [109.3, 5.82, 1.75, 6.45] | , | ||||
| 10 | 190 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p10:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [110.98, 5.82, 8.77, 6.45] | 25 | 25 | |||
| 10 | 191 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [119.79, 5.82, 73.03, 6.45] | , x FOR PEER REVIEW | , x FOR PEER REVIEW | ||||
| 10 | 192 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [480.38, 5.82, 28.83, 6.45] | 10 of 30 | 10 of 30 | ||
| 10 | 193 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p10:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 10 | 194 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [164.1, 41.83, 35.58, 7.22] | Figure 5. | Figure 5. | |||
| 10 | 195 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [202.16, 41.83, 307.16, 7.22] | SEM images at magnifications of 10 k and 50 k and particle-size distribution of | SEM images at magnifications of 10 k and 50 k and particle-size distribution of | |||
| 10 | 196 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 10 of 30 | 10 of 30 | ||
| 10 | 197 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [164.1, 51.98, 3.93, 7.22] | y | y | |||
| 10 | 198 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [168.12, 51.98, 41.2, 7.22] | Li2MnO3∙(1- | Li2MnO3∙(1- | |||
| 10 | 199 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [209.3, 51.98, 3.93, 7.22] | y | y | |||
| 10 | 200 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [213.32, 51.98, 107.57, 7.22] | )LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 powders: ( | )LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 powders: ( | |||
| 10 | 201 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [320.9, 51.98, 3.93, 7.22] | a | a | |||
| 10 | 202 | text | unknown_text | False | medium | empty_after_cleaning | empty_after_cleaning | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [324.92, 51.98, 3.93, 7.22] | - | |||
| 10 | 203 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [328.93, 51.98, 3.48, 7.22] | c | c | ||
| 10 | 204 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [332.39, 51.98, 17.33, 7.22] | ) for | ) for | |||
| 10 | 205 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [350.36, 51.98, 3.93, 7.22] | y | y | |||
| 10 | 206 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [354.38, 51.98, 100.06, 7.22] | = 0.0 (LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2), ( | = 0.0 (LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2), ( | |||
| 10 | 207 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [454.48, 51.98, 4.79, 7.22] | d | d | ||
| 10 | 208 | text | unknown_text | False | medium | empty_after_cleaning | empty_after_cleaning | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [459.17, 51.98, 3.93, 7.22] | - | |||
| 10 | 209 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [463.19, 51.98, 3.05, 7.22] | f | f | |||
| 10 | 210 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [466.2, 51.98, 17.27, 7.22] | ) for | ) for | |||
| 10 | 211 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [484.28, 51.98, 3.93, 7.22] | y | y | |||
| 10 | 212 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [488.19, 51.98, 21.28, 7.22] | = 0.3 | = 0.3 | |||
| 10 | 213 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [164.1, 62.02, 107.14, 7.22] | (Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O2), and ( | (Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O2), and ( | |||
| 10 | 214 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [271.24, 62.02, 4.36, 7.22] | g | g | |||
| 10 | 215 | text | unknown_text | False | medium | empty_after_cleaning | empty_after_cleaning | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [275.59, 62.02, 3.93, 7.22] | - | |||
| 10 | 216 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [279.61, 62.02, 2.62, 7.22] | i | i | ||
| 10 | 217 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [282.17, 62.02, 16.53, 7.22] | ) for | ) for | |||
| 10 | 218 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [298.8, 62.02, 3.93, 7.22] | y | y | |||
| 10 | 219 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:body_region:0 | p10:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [302.71, 62.02, 106.38, 7.22] | = 0.5 (Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2). | = 0.5 (Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2). | |||
| 10 | 220 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:body_region:0 | p10:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [164.1, 74.92, 396.92, 195.14] | rhombohedral R -3 m phase. With an increasing y , (Figure 6f,i), new reflections emerge, and the SAED patterns predominantly consist of two types of reflections: strong fundamental reflections (marked as solid white arr… | rhombohedral R -3 m phase. With an increasing y , (Figure 6f,i), new reflections emerge, and the SAED patterns predominantly consist of two types of reflections: strong fundamental reflections (marked as solid white arr… | |||
| 10 | 221 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p10:body_region:0 | p10:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.1, 618.82, 393.18, 34.43] | Figure 6. TEM( a , d , g ), HRTEM ( b , e , h ), and SAED ( c , f , i ) images of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 powders: ( a -c ) for y = 0.0 (LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ), ( d -f ) for y = 0.3 (Li 1.134 Ni… | Figure 6. TEM( a , d , g ), HRTEM ( b , e , h ), and SAED ( c , f , i ) images of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 powders: ( a -c ) for y = 0.0 (LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ), ( d -f ) for y = 0.3 (Li 1.134 Ni… | ||
| 10 | 222 | text | body | True | body | body | p10:body_region:0 | p10:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [165.97, 667.82, 394.98, 106.94] | In addition to Rietveld refinement, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) experiments were conducted to verify the chemical composition of the y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 C1/3 Mn1/3 O2 powders. The EDX spectra of the … | In addition to Rietveld refinement, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) experiments were conducted to verify the chemical composition of the y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 C1/3 Mn1/3 O2 powders. The EDX spectra of the … | |||
| 11 | 223 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p11:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 11 | 224 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p11:body_region:0 | p11:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 11 of 30 | 11 of 30 | ||
| 11 | 225 | text | body | True | body | body | p11:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [68.98, 131.8, 45.24, 6.45] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. | Int. J. Mol. Sci. | ||||
| 11 | 226 | text | body | True | body | body | p11:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [114.18, 131.8, 14.03, 6.45] | 2024 | 2024 | ||||
| 11 | 227 | text | unknown_text | False | medium | empty_after_cleaning | empty_after_cleaning | p11:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [128.24, 131.8, 1.75, 6.45] | , | ||||
| 11 | 228 | text | body | True | body | body | p11:body_region:0 | p11:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [129.92, 131.8, 8.77, 6.45] | 25 | 25 | |||
| 11 | 229 | text | body | True | body | body | p11:body_region:0 | p11:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [138.73, 75.05, 422.28, 120.86] | presents the theoretical and experimental concentrations of Ni, Co, and Mn (in atomic percentage) for the y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 C 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 samples, as determined from Rietveld refinement and EDX analysis. Figure… | presents the theoretical and experimental concentrations of Ni, Co, and Mn (in atomic percentage) for the y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 C 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 samples, as determined from Rietveld refinement and EDX analysis. Figure… | |||
| 11 | 230 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p11:body_region:0 | p11:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 506.95, 392.88, 23.41] | Figure 7. ( a -c ) EDX spectra and ( d ) comparison between theoretical and experimental values for 3D elements of prepared y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. Figure 7. ( a -c ) EDX spectra and … | Figure 7. ( a -c ) EDX spectra and ( d ) comparison between theoretical and experimental values for 3D elements of prepared y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. Figure 7. ( a -c ) EDX spectra and … | ||
| 11 | 231 | caption | caption | False | low | docling_caption | docling_caption | p11:body_region:0 | p11:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.1, 543.67, 392.68, 23.19] | Table 3. Rietveld and EDX analysis of Ni, Co, and Mn in the y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 composite powders in atomic percent (at. %) ratio of elements. Table 3. Rietveld and EDX analysis of Ni, Co, and Mn in the y… | Table 3. Rietveld and EDX analysis of Ni, Co, and Mn in the y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 composite powders in atomic percent (at. %) ratio of elements. Table 3. Rietveld and EDX analysis of Ni, Co, and Mn in the y… | ||
| 11 | 232 | text | body | True | body | body | p11:body_region:0 | p11:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [260.82, 570.75, 114.29, 7.99] | Atomic % Ratio of Elements | Atomic % Ratio of Elements | |||
| 11 | 233 | text | caption | False | low | caption_fragment | caption_fragment | p11:body_region:0 | p11:page_body:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [388.58, 570.75, 75.58, 7.99] | Composition as Li[ | Composition as Li[ | ||
| 11 | 234 | text | body | True | body | body | p11:body_region:0 | p11:page_body:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [464.27, 570.75, 8.2, 7.99] | M | M | |||
| 11 | 235 | text | body | True | body | body | p11:body_region:0 | p11:page_body:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [472.53, 570.75, 52.73, 7.99] | ]O2 Notation | ]O2 Notation | |||
| 11 | 236 | text | body | True | body | body | p11:body_region:0 | p11:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [183.04, 760.47, 345.45, 7.99] | 0.92, which, according to the IUPAC classification, corresponds to a type IV isotherm with | 0.92, which, according to the IUPAC classification, corresponds to a type IV isotherm with | |||
| 12 | 237 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p12:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 12 | 238 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p12:body_region:0 | p12:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 12 of 30 | 12 of 30 | ||
| 12 | 239 | text | body | True | body | body | p12:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [37.75, 106.12, 48.64, 6.93] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. | Int. J. Mol. Sci. | ||||
| 12 | 240 | text | body | True | body | body | p12:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [86.34, 106.12, 15.09, 6.93] | 2024 | 2024 | ||||
| 12 | 241 | text | unknown_text | False | medium | empty_after_cleaning | empty_after_cleaning | p12:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [101.46, 106.12, 1.89, 6.93] | , | ||||
| 12 | 242 | text | body | True | body | body | p12:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [103.26, 106.12, 9.43, 6.93] | 25 | 25 | ||||
| 12 | 243 | text | body | True | body | body | p12:body_region:0 | p12:page_body:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [112.74, 75.05, 448.27, 106.94] | Figure 8a-c display the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of the y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 C1/3 Mn1/3 O2 powders. All three samples exhibit similar isotherm shapes, featuring a hysteresis loop indicative of a hier… | Figure 8a-c display the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of the y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 C1/3 Mn1/3 O2 powders. All three samples exhibit similar isotherm shapes, featuring a hysteresis loop indicative of a hier… | |||
| 12 | 244 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p12:body_region:0 | p12:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [160.38, 457.8, 398.89, 34.55] | Figure 8. ( a -c ) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms for y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. ( d ) Variation in specific surface area and pore volume as function of y (Li2MnO3). Figure 8. (… | Figure 8. ( a -c ) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms for y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) powders. ( d ) Variation in specific surface area and pore volume as function of y (Li2MnO3). Figure 8. (… | ||
| 12 | 245 | text | body | True | body | body | p12:body_region:0 | p12:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [180.31, 490.99, 349.2, 8.59] | As summarized in Table 4, the BJH pore-size distribution confirms the nanopore na- | As summarized in Table 4, the BJH pore-size distribution confirms the nanopore na- | |||
| 12 | 246 | text | body | True | body | body | p12:body_region:0 | p12:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [160.38, 503.11, 400.63, 157.39] | ture of all the samples. Based on the results shown in Figure 8d and the data listed in Table 4, the BET specific surface area ( S BET) and pore volume of pristine LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 are 6.8 m 2 g -1 and 0.0169 m 3 g -1… | ture of all the samples. Based on the results shown in Figure 8d and the data listed in Table 4, the BET specific surface area ( S BET) and pore volume of pristine LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 are 6.8 m 2 g -1 and 0.0169 m 3 g -1… | |||
| 12 | 247 | text | body | True | body | body | p12:body_region:0 | p12:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [160.38, 700.15, 400.64, 57.56] | improves wettability, facilitating better the penetration of the electrolyte, and consequently shortening the diffusion paths within the cathode material. where LBET is expressed in nm, SBET is the specific surface area… | improves wettability, facilitating better the penetration of the electrolyte, and consequently shortening the diffusion paths within the cathode material. where LBET is expressed in nm, SBET is the specific surface area… | |||
| 13 | 248 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p13:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 13 | 249 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p13:body_region:0 | p13:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 13 of 30 | 13 of 30 | ||
| 13 | 250 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 75.05, 393.27, 23.37] | improves wettability, facilitating better the penetration of the electrolyte, and consequently shortening the diffusion paths within the cathode material. | improves wettability, facilitating better the penetration of the electrolyte, and consequently shortening the diffusion paths within the cathode material. | |||
| 13 | 251 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p13:body_region:0 | p13:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.1, 111.12, 393.18, 10.0] | Table 4. BET results and pore structure parameters for y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 powders. | Table 4. BET results and pore structure parameters for y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 powders. | ||
| 13 | 252 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p13:body_region:0 | p13:body_zone:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 226.61, 106.68, 9.4] | 3.3. Vibrational Properties | 3.3. Vibrational Properties | ||
| 13 | 253 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [147.98, 243.66, 412.95, 190.5] | Raman scattering (RS) spectroscopy was employed to investigate the local structure, surface state, and composition of the as-prepared samples [38]. This technique serves as a surface-sensitive probe, capable of analyzin… | Raman scattering (RS) spectroscopy was employed to investigate the local structure, surface state, and composition of the as-prepared samples [38]. This technique serves as a surface-sensitive probe, capable of analyzin… | |||
| 13 | 254 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p13:body_region:0 | p13:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.1, 743.16, 394.3, 23.74] | Figure 9. Raman scattering spectra of integrated y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 powders: ( a ) y = 0.0, ( b ) y = 0.3, ( c ) y = 0.5. ( d ) Frequency shift in the A 1g and E g modes against the composition. Figure 9.… | Figure 9. Raman scattering spectra of integrated y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 powders: ( a ) y = 0.0, ( b ) y = 0.3, ( c ) y = 0.5. ( d ) Frequency shift in the A 1g and E g modes against the composition. Figure 9.… | ||
| 13 | 255 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [246.09, 769.72, 95.29, 6.87] | 3.4. Electrochemical Properties | 3.4. Electrochemical Properties | |||
| 13 | 256 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [262.03, 781.62, 14.43, 6.87] | The | The | |||
| 13 | 257 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [280.65, 781.62, 45.85, 6.87] | galvanostatic | galvanostatic | |||
| 13 | 258 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [330.69, 781.62, 59.96, 6.87] | charge-discharge | charge-discharge | |||
| 13 | 259 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [394.83, 781.62, 23.77, 6.87] | curves | curves | |||
| 13 | 260 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [422.78, 781.62, 11.35, 6.87] | for | for | |||
| 13 | 261 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [438.32, 781.62, 12.31, 6.87] | the | the | |||
| 13 | 262 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [454.81, 781.62, 15.19, 6.87] | first | first | |||
| 13 | 263 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [474.18, 781.62, 14.35, 6.87] | five | five | |||
| 13 | 264 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [492.72, 781.62, 21.68, 6.87] | cycles | cycles | |||
| 13 | 265 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [518.52, 781.62, 8.52, 6.87] | of | of | |||
| 13 | 266 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [531.23, 781.62, 12.13, 6.87] | the | the | |||
| 13 | 267 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [246.09, 791.32, 3.74, 6.87] | y | y | |||
| 13 | 268 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [249.93, 791.32, 39.25, 6.87] | Li2MnO3∙(1- | Li2MnO3∙(1- | |||
| 13 | 269 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [289.2, 791.32, 3.74, 6.87] | y | y | |||
| 13 | 270 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [293.04, 791.32, 64.76, 6.87] | )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 ( | )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 ( | |||
| 13 | 271 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [357.84, 791.32, 3.74, 6.87] | y | y | |||
| 13 | 272 | text | page_margin_footer | False | low | page_margin_footer | page_margin_footer | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [361.58, 791.32, 181.7, 6.87] | = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) electrode materials and the first 100 | = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) electrode materials and the first 100 | ||
| 13 | 273 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [246.09, 800.82, 111.55, 6.87] | cycles for Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 ( | cycles for Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 ( | |||
| 13 | 274 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [357.65, 800.82, 3.74, 6.87] | y | y | |||
| 13 | 275 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [361.39, 800.82, 181.93, 6.87] | = 0.5) at a C/10 rate, within a voltage range of 2.0 V to | = 0.5) at a C/10 rate, within a voltage range of 2.0 V to | |||
| 13 | 276 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [246.09, 810.52, 297.1, 6.87] | 4.8 V, are presented in Figure 10a-d. With increasing lithium content, the sloping profile | 4.8 V, are presented in Figure 10a-d. With increasing lithium content, the sloping profile | |||
| 13 | 277 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [246.09, 820.21, 297.1, 6.87] | of the first charge curve becomes more pronounced, and a distinct plateau appears. This | of the first charge curve becomes more pronounced, and a distinct plateau appears. This | |||
| 13 | 278 | text | body | True | body | body | p13:body_region:0 | p13:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [246.09, 829.81, 297.06, 6.87] | behavior is attributed to phase transformations and variations in site occupancy energy, | behavior is attributed to phase transformations and variations in site occupancy energy, | |||
| 14 | 279 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p14:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 14 | 280 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p14:body_region:0 | p14:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 14 of 30 | 14 of 30 | ||
| 14 | 281 | text | body | True | body | body | p14:body_region:0 | p14:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.03, 74.74, 394.98, 357.95] | The Raman spectra of the prepared samples (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) are shown in Figure 9a-c. The Raman spectrum of the pristine LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 exhibits two broad bands centered at approximately 489 and 599 cm -1 , resulting… | The Raman spectra of the prepared samples (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5) are shown in Figure 9a-c. The Raman spectrum of the pristine LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 exhibits two broad bands centered at approximately 489 and 599 cm -1 , resulting… | |||
| 14 | 282 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p14:body_region:0 | p14:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 446.68, 124.2, 9.4] | 3.4. Electrochemical Properties | 3.4. Electrochemical Properties | ||
| 14 | 283 | text | body | True | body | body | p14:body_region:0 | p14:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.09, 463.72, 394.94, 246.21] | The galvanostatic charge-discharge curves for the first five cycles of the y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 C1/3 Mn1/3 O2 ( y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) electrode materials and the first 100 cycles for Li1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 (… | The galvanostatic charge-discharge curves for the first five cycles of the y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 C1/3 Mn1/3 O2 ( y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) electrode materials and the first 100 cycles for Li1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 (… | |||
| 15 | 284 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [261.34, 12.75, 332.0, 8.17] | According to the data summarized in Table 5, together with the complete extraction | According to the data summarized in Table 5, together with the complete extraction | |||
| 15 | 285 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [242.4, 24.16, 351.02, 8.17] | of lithium ions, it can be seen that the practical capacity corresponding to the oxidation of | of lithium ions, it can be seen that the practical capacity corresponding to the oxidation of | |||
| 15 | 286 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p15:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 15 | 287 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [242.4, 35.69, 350.95, 8.17] | Ni 2+ /Ni 4+ and Co 3+ /Co 4+ (below 4.5 V) are close to their theoretical values (predicted by | Ni 2+ /Ni 4+ and Co 3+ /Co 4+ (below 4.5 V) are close to their theoretical values (predicted by | |||
| 15 | 288 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p15:body_region:0 | p15:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 15 of 30 | 15 of 30 | ||
| 15 | 289 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [242.4, 47.1, 351.16, 8.17] | Equation (3)) as the value of Li content increases. However, the Li2MnO3 phase cannot be | Equation (3)) as the value of Li content increases. However, the Li2MnO3 phase cannot be | |||
| 15 | 290 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [242.4, 58.51, 351.08, 8.17] | oxidized, since manganese is already in the Mn 4+ valence state. During the first discharge, | oxidized, since manganese is already in the Mn 4+ valence state. During the first discharge, | |||
| 15 | 291 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.06, 104.39, 427.48, 31.1] | During the first discharge process, Li + ions are initially intercalated into the M O2 phase (stage I, Figure 10b,c). This is followed by reinsertion into the MnO2 (stage II, Figure 10b,c): ity is observed, which increa… | During the first discharge process, Li + ions are initially intercalated into the M O2 phase (stage I, Figure 10b,c). This is followed by reinsertion into the MnO2 (stage II, Figure 10b,c): ity is observed, which increa… | |||
| 15 | 292 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [242.4, 173.09, 8.98, 8.17] | 5. | 5. | |||
| 15 | 293 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.09, 184.61, 427.5, 233.12] | According to Equations (3) and (5), the theoretical capacities of the LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 and Li2MnO3 components were calculated for comparison with the experimental data and are summarized in Table 5. During the … | According to Equations (3) and (5), the theoretical capacities of the LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 and Li2MnO3 components were calculated for comparison with the experimental data and are summarized in Table 5. During the … | |||
| 15 | 294 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [124.97, 544.6, 46.31, 6.6] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. | Int. J. Mol. Sci. | ||||
| 15 | 295 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p15:body_region:0 | p15:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [171.24, 544.6, 14.36, 6.6] | 2024 | 2024 | ||
| 15 | 296 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p15:body_region:0 | p15:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [185.63, 544.6, 1.8, 6.6] | , | |||
| 15 | 297 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p15:body_region:0 | p15:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [187.35, 544.6, 8.98, 6.6] | 25 | 25 | ||
| 15 | 298 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p15:body_region:0 | p15:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [196.37, 544.6, 74.76, 6.6] | , x FOR PEER REVIEW | , x FOR PEER REVIEW | ||
| 15 | 299 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:page_body:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [565.49, 544.6, 29.51, 6.6] | 17 of 30 | 17 of 30 | |||
| 15 | 300 | caption | caption | False | low | docling_caption | docling_caption | p15:body_region:0 | p15:bottom_margin:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.1, 737.28, 428.82, 37.95] | Figure 10. Galvanostatic charge-discharge capacity curves recorded at C/10 rate in potential range 2.0-4.8 V vs. Li + /Li for ( a ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, ( b ) Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O, ( c ) Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 u… | Figure 10. Galvanostatic charge-discharge capacity curves recorded at C/10 rate in potential range 2.0-4.8 V vs. Li + /Li for ( a ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, ( b ) Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O, ( c ) Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 u… | ||
| 15 | 301 | text | caption | False | low | caption_fragment | caption_fragment | p15:body_region:0 | p15:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [260.69, 779.4, 332.4, 8.17] | While the discharge-charge profiles demonstrate promising electrochemical perfor- | While the discharge-charge profiles demonstrate promising electrochemical perfor- | ||
| 15 | 302 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [241.73, 790.71, 353.48, 8.17] | mance for Li-rich cathode materials with increasing lithium content, the issues of voltage | mance for Li-rich cathode materials with increasing lithium content, the issues of voltage | |||
| 15 | 303 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [241.73, 802.25, 353.49, 8.17] | fade and differences in redox reaction potentials between the first cycle and the following | fade and differences in redox reaction potentials between the first cycle and the following | |||
| 15 | 304 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [241.73, 813.67, 284.89, 8.17] | cycles are better analyzed using differential (or incremental) capacity (d | cycles are better analyzed using differential (or incremental) capacity (d | |||
| 15 | 305 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [526.87, 813.67, 6.91, 8.17] | Q | Q | |||
| 15 | 306 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [533.95, 813.67, 8.28, 8.17] | /d | /d | |||
| 15 | 307 | text | page_margin_footer | False | low | page_margin_footer | page_margin_footer | p15:body_region:0 | p15:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [542.29, 813.67, 5.84, 8.17] | V | V | ||
| 15 | 308 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [548.23, 813.67, 44.99, 8.17] | ) plots. Fig- | ) plots. Fig- | |||
| 15 | 309 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [241.73, 825.21, 136.77, 8.17] | ure 11a presents the deferential d | ure 11a presents the deferential d | |||
| 15 | 310 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [378.7, 825.21, 6.91, 8.17] | Q | Q | |||
| 15 | 311 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [385.67, 825.21, 8.36, 8.17] | /d | /d | |||
| 15 | 312 | text | page_margin_footer | False | low | page_margin_footer | page_margin_footer | p15:body_region:0 | p15:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [394.12, 825.21, 5.84, 8.17] | V | V | ||
| 15 | 313 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [399.95, 825.21, 31.37, 8.17] | versus | versus | |||
| 15 | 314 | text | page_margin_footer | False | low | page_margin_footer | page_margin_footer | p15:body_region:0 | p15:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [432.39, 825.21, 5.84, 8.17] | V | V | ||
| 15 | 315 | text | body | True | body | body | p15:body_region:0 | p15:bottom_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [438.33, 825.21, 154.72, 8.17] | plots for the first discharge curves of | plots for the first discharge curves of | |||
| 16 | 316 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p16:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 16 | 317 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p16:body_region:0 | p16:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 16 of 30 | 16 of 30 | ||
| 16 | 318 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p16:body_region:0 | p16:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.1, 74.74, 393.18, 34.14] | Table 5. Theoretical charge, discharge-specific capacities, irreversible capacities (IRs), and Coulombic efficiency (CE) of corresponding components in y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 based on mass ratio of… | Table 5. Theoretical charge, discharge-specific capacities, irreversible capacities (IRs), and Coulombic efficiency (CE) of corresponding components in y Li2 MnO3 · (1y )LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 based on mass ratio of… | ||
| 16 | 319 | text | body | True | body | body | p16:body_region:0 | p16:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.09, 415.17, 394.93, 204.43] | According to the data summarized in Table 5, together with the complete extraction of lithium ions, it can be seen that the practical capacity corresponding to the oxidation of Ni 2+ /Ni 4+ and Co 3+ /Co 4+ (below 4.5 V… | According to the data summarized in Table 5, together with the complete extraction of lithium ions, it can be seen that the practical capacity corresponding to the oxidation of Ni 2+ /Ni 4+ and Co 3+ /Co 4+ (below 4.5 V… | |||
| 16 | 320 | text | body | True | body | body | p16:body_region:0 | p16:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 624.09, 394.62, 148.72] | In the second cycle, a voltage plateau around 4.5 V observed in the charge curve-a characteristic feature of Li-rich layered materials-disappears. This indicates that the activation of the Li2MnO3 phase is complete, acc… | In the second cycle, a voltage plateau around 4.5 V observed in the charge curve-a characteristic feature of Li-rich layered materials-disappears. This indicates that the activation of the Li2MnO3 phase is complete, acc… | |||
| 17 | 321 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p17:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 17 | 322 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p17:body_region:0 | p17:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 17 of 30 | 17 of 30 | ||
| 17 | 323 | text | body | True | body | body | p17:body_region:0 | p17:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.09, 72.82, 394.93, 123.09] | By the second cycle, the discharge capacities improve to 176, 228, and 256 mAhg -1 for y = 0.0, y = 0.3, and y = 0.5, respectively, with corresponding Coulombic efficiencies of 89.3, 96.6, and 98.1%. For the Li1.2Ni0.13… | By the second cycle, the discharge capacities improve to 176, 228, and 256 mAhg -1 for y = 0.0, y = 0.3, and y = 0.5, respectively, with corresponding Coulombic efficiencies of 89.3, 96.6, and 98.1%. For the Li1.2Ni0.13… | |||
| 17 | 324 | text | body | True | body | body | p17:body_region:0 | p17:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [165.07, 200.4, 395.95, 538.69] | While the discharge-charge profiles demonstrate promising electrochemical performance for Li-rich cathode materials with increasing lithium content, the issues of voltage fade and differences in redox reaction potential… | While the discharge-charge profiles demonstrate promising electrochemical performance for Li-rich cathode materials with increasing lithium content, the issues of voltage fade and differences in redox reaction potential… | |||
| 18 | 325 | text | body | True | body | body | p18:body_region:0 | p18:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [236.85, 25.57, 358.37, 8.59] | electrochemical stability during prolonged cycling. The results suggest that optimizi | electrochemical stability during prolonged cycling. The results suggest that optimizi | |||
| 18 | 326 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p18:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 18 | 327 | text | body | True | body | body | p18:body_region:0 | p18:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [236.85, 37.57, 355.25, 8.59] | 18 of 30 the lithium content in Li-rich cathode materials is a viable strategy to improve their lo | 18 of 30 the lithium content in Li-rich cathode materials is a viable strategy to improve their lo | |||
| 18 | 328 | text | body | True | body | body | p18:body_region:0 | p18:top_margin:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [236.85, 49.69, 79.56, 8.59] | term performance. | term performance. | |||
| 18 | 329 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p18:body_region:0 | p18:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.1, 372.29, 427.12, 36.78] | Figure 11. Differential capacity (-d Q /d V ) vs. V plots for ( a ) y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 e trodes at first cycle, ( b ) pristine LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, ( c ) Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O2, and Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.1… | Figure 11. Differential capacity (-d Q /d V ) vs. V plots for ( a ) y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 e trodes at first cycle, ( b ) pristine LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, ( c ) Li1.134Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.466O2, and Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.1… | ||
| 18 | 330 | text | body | True | body | body | p18:body_region:0 | p18:page_body:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [165.97, 416.41, 429.25, 210.45] | The cycling performance of the y Li₂MnO₃∙(1y )LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O₂//Li cells was e uated at the C/10 rate in the voltage range of 2.0-4.8 V, as shown in Figure 12a. O extended cycling, a decay in the specific capacity wa… | The cycling performance of the y Li₂MnO₃∙(1y )LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O₂//Li cells was e uated at the C/10 rate in the voltage range of 2.0-4.8 V, as shown in Figure 12a. O extended cycling, a decay in the specific capacity wa… | |||
| 18 | 331 | list_item | body | True | recovered_body_outside_flow | recovered_body_outside_flow | p18:body_region:0 | p18:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.52, 627.37, 316.86, 17.59] | LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O₂, with a capacity retention of 60.6%. · Li1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2, with a capacity retention of 83.6%; | LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O₂, with a capacity retention of 60.6%. · Li1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2, with a capacity retention of 83.6%; | |||
| 18 | 332 | list_item | body | True | recovered_body_outside_flow | recovered_body_outside_flow | p18:body_region:0 | p18:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.52, 642.25, 425.99, 20.59] | Furthermore, the Coulombic efficiency after 100 cycles improves significantly fr 60% for the pristine LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O₂ with a rhombohedral structure to 84% · Li1.134 Ni0.2 Co0.2 Mn0.467 O2 , with a capacity retention… | Furthermore, the Coulombic efficiency after 100 cycles improves significantly fr 60% for the pristine LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O₂ with a rhombohedral structure to 84% · Li1.134 Ni0.2 Co0.2 Mn0.467 O2 , with a capacity retention… | |||
| 18 | 333 | list_item | body | True | recovered_body_outside_flow | recovered_body_outside_flow | p18:body_region:0 | p18:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.52, 661.88, 424.14, 13.08] | Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 that includes a 50% Li2MnO3 cubic structure. These res · LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, with a capacity retention of 60.6%. | Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 that includes a 50% Li2MnO3 cubic structure. These res · LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, with a capacity retention of 60.6%. | |||
| 18 | 334 | text | body | True | body | body | p18:body_region:0 | p18:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.09, 679.11, 393.38, 93.01] | Furthermore, the Coulombic efficiency after 100 cycles improves significantly from 60% for the pristine LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 with a rhombohedral structure to 84% for Li1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 that includes a 50% Li2M… | Furthermore, the Coulombic efficiency after 100 cycles improves significantly from 60% for the pristine LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 with a rhombohedral structure to 84% for Li1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 that includes a 50% Li2M… | |||
| 19 | 335 | text | front_matter_heading | False | low | front_matter_heading | front_matter_heading | p19:body_region:0 | p19:top_margin:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [174.68, 9.16, 115.88, 8.59] | highlight that an increasing | highlight that an increasing | ||
| 19 | 336 | text | unknown_text | False | medium | inside_front_matter | inside_front_matter | p19:body_region:0 | p19:top_margin:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [290.49, 9.16, 4.67, 8.59] | y | y | ||
| 19 | 337 | text | unknown_text | False | medium | inside_front_matter | inside_front_matter | p19:body_region:0 | p19:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [295.29, 9.16, 248.53, 8.59] | (Li2MnO3) content enhances the capacity retention and over- | (Li2MnO3) content enhances the capacity retention and over- | ||
| 19 | 338 | text | unknown_text | False | high | inside_front_matter | inside_front_matter | p19:body_region:0 | p19:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [174.68, 21.16, 371.58, 8.59] | all cyclability of the cathode materials. The Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 electrode, with its high | all cyclability of the cathode materials. The Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 electrode, with its high | ||
| 19 | 339 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p19:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 19 | 340 | text | unknown_text | False | medium | inside_front_matter | inside_front_matter | p19:body_region:0 | p19:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [174.68, 33.28, 371.24, 8.59] | specific capacity and excellent cycling stability, demonstrates superior electrochemical | specific capacity and excellent cycling stability, demonstrates superior electrochemical | ||
| 19 | 341 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p19:body_region:0 | p19:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 19 of 30 | 19 of 30 | ||
| 19 | 342 | text | body_heading | False | low | inside_front_matter | inside_front_matter | p19:body_region:0 | p19:top_margin:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [174.68, 45.28, 198.43, 8.59] | performance compared to other compositions. | performance compared to other compositions. | ||
| 19 | 343 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p19:body_region:0 | p19:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 252.92, 393.78, 27.07] | Figure 12. ( a ) Cycling performance at C /10 rate and ( b ) rate capability for y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 electrodes. Figure 12. ( a ) Cycling performance at C /10 rate and ( b ) rate capability for y Li2 MnO… | Figure 12. ( a ) Cycling performance at C /10 rate and ( b ) rate capability for y Li2MnO3∙(1y ) LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 electrodes. Figure 12. ( a ) Cycling performance at C /10 rate and ( b ) rate capability for y Li2 MnO… | ||
| 19 | 344 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | high | inside_front_matter | inside_front_matter | p19:body_region:0 | p19:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [165.97, 286.12, 394.96, 462.37] | Figure 12b illustrates the rate capability of the y Li₂MnO₃∙(1y )LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O₂ electrodes under various current densities ranging from 0.1C to 3C, in the voltage window 2.0-4.8 V vs. Li + /Li. For all three electr… | Figure 12b illustrates the rate capability of the y Li₂MnO₃∙(1y )LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O₂ electrodes under various current densities ranging from 0.1C to 3C, in the voltage window 2.0-4.8 V vs. Li + /Li. For all three electr… | ||
| 20 | 345 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p20:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 20 | 346 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p20:body_region:0 | p20:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 20 of 30 | 20 of 30 | ||
| 20 | 347 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p20:body_region:0 | p20:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 74.92, 204.99, 9.4] | 3.5. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) | 3.5. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) | ||
| 20 | 348 | text | body | True | body | body | p20:body_region:0 | p20:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.06, 91.97, 395.2, 288.0] | The main goal of EIS experiments is a comparison of the electrochemical behavior during long-term cycling and the stability of electrodes comprising 'layered-layered' integrated y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 C1/3 Mn1/3 O2 (0… | The main goal of EIS experiments is a comparison of the electrochemical behavior during long-term cycling and the stability of electrodes comprising 'layered-layered' integrated y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 C1/3 Mn1/3 O2 (0… | |||
| 20 | 349 | text | body | True | body | body | p20:body_region:0 | p20:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [165.9, 384.45, 395.12, 385.49] | Measurements were taken both on fresh cells (before cycling) and after 100 cycles at a 0.1C rate. Nyquist plots of the electrodes, including LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2, Li1.134 Ni0.2 Co0.2 Mn0.467 O2 and Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54… | Measurements were taken both on fresh cells (before cycling) and after 100 cycles at a 0.1C rate. Nyquist plots of the electrodes, including LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2, Li1.134 Ni0.2 Co0.2 Mn0.467 O2 and Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54… | |||
| 21 | 350 | text | body | True | body | body | p21:body_region:0 | p21:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [210.31, 5.77, 371.49, 8.59] | cathode similar to that of our work with a three-electrode system and demonstrated that | cathode similar to that of our work with a three-electrode system and demonstrated that | |||
| 21 | 351 | text | body | True | body | body | p21:body_region:0 | p21:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [210.31, 17.89, 369.08, 8.59] | the full cell impedance arises predominantly at the positive electrode, that positive elec- | the full cell impedance arises predominantly at the positive electrode, that positive elec- | |||
| 21 | 352 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p21:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 21 | 353 | text | body | True | body | body | p21:body_region:0 | p21:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [210.31, 29.89, 371.44, 8.59] | trode data are similar to the full cell data, and that impedance changes at the negative | trode data are similar to the full cell data, and that impedance changes at the negative | |||
| 21 | 354 | text | body | True | body | body | p21:body_region:0 | p21:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [210.31, 42.01, 371.51, 8.59] | electrode are small [63]. More recently, in their tutorial, Lazanas and Prodrominis [64] | electrode are small [63]. More recently, in their tutorial, Lazanas and Prodrominis [64] | |||
| 21 | 355 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p21:body_region:0 | p21:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 21 of 30 | 21 of 30 | ||
| 21 | 356 | text | body | True | body | body | p21:body_region:0 | p21:top_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [210.31, 53.89, 371.4, 8.59] | explained that when the SEI on the anode plays a role, it generates an inductive loop at a | explained that when the SEI on the anode plays a role, it generates an inductive loop at a | |||
| 21 | 357 | text | body | True | body | body | p21:body_region:0 | p21:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [210.31, 66.01, 369.11, 8.59] | high frequency, which is not observed in our experiments. We can also mention the anal- | high frequency, which is not observed in our experiments. We can also mention the anal- | |||
| 21 | 358 | text | body | True | body | body | p21:body_region:0 | p21:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.09, 74.92, 415.92, 168.28] | collectors remain stable over the cycling period. (iii) R ct, associated with the charge transfer process at the electrode/electrolyte interface, is lower for Li-rich materials compared to the parent LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2… | collectors remain stable over the cycling period. (iii) R ct, associated with the charge transfer process at the electrode/electrolyte interface, is lower for Li-rich materials compared to the parent LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2… | |||
| 21 | 359 | text | visual_text | False | low | visual_text | visual_text | p21:body_region:0 | p21:page_body:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [235.87, 425.01, 12.5, 10.34] | (c) | (c) | ||
| 21 | 360 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p21:body_region:0 | p21:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 596.93, 394.45, 36.26] | Figure 13. EIS measurements ( Z ′′ vs. Z ′ plots) of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ( y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) electrodes: ( a ) Fresh electrodes, ( b ) after 50 cycles at a 0.1C rate, ( c ) equivalent mode… | Figure 13. EIS measurements ( Z ′′ vs. Z ′ plots) of y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ( y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) electrodes: ( a ) Fresh electrodes, ( b ) after 50 cycles at a 0.1C rate, ( c ) equivalent mode… | ||
| 21 | 361 | text | body | True | body | body | p21:body_region:0 | p21:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.06, 645.54, 392.61, 25.6] | The EIS fitting parameters are reported in Table 6. The real part of the impedance Z ′ ( ω ) is the sum of the real part of the four components: | The EIS fitting parameters are reported in Table 6. The real part of the impedance Z ′ ( ω ) is the sum of the real part of the four components: | |||
| 21 | 362 | text | body | True | body | body | p21:body_region:0 | p21:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 710.54, 394.53, 26.78] | Figure 13d,e show the plots of the real part of Z vs. ω -1/2 of integrated y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 C1/3 Mn1/3 O2 electrodes in the low-frequency range, used to de- | Figure 13d,e show the plots of the real part of Z vs. ω -1/2 of integrated y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 C1/3 Mn1/3 O2 electrodes in the low-frequency range, used to de- | |||
| 22 | 363 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p22:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 22 | 364 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p22:body_region:0 | p22:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 22 of 30 | 22 of 30 | ||
| 22 | 365 | text | body | True | body | body | p22:body_region:0 | p22:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 75.05, 392.88, 24.55] | termine the Warburg factor (i.e., the slope of the regression line). The apparent diffusion coefficient D Li can be calculated according the following relation [62]: | termine the Warburg factor (i.e., the slope of the regression line). The apparent diffusion coefficient D Li can be calculated according the following relation [62]: | |||
| 22 | 366 | text | body | True | body | body | p22:body_region:0 | p22:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 149.81, 394.13, 94.41] | in which R is the gas constant, T the absolute temperature, F the Faraday's constant, n the number of electrons transferred, C Li is the concentration of Li + ion inside the electrode, and A the effective surface area o… | in which R is the gas constant, T the absolute temperature, F the Faraday's constant, n the number of electrons transferred, C Li is the concentration of Li + ion inside the electrode, and A the effective surface area o… | |||
| 22 | 367 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p22:body_region:0 | p22:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.1, 255.65, 393.18, 21.6] | Table 6. Fitting results of Nyquist plots for the y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 ( y =0.0, 0.3 and 0.5) electrodes before cycling and after 100 cycles. | Table 6. Fitting results of Nyquist plots for the y Li2 MnO3 · (1y ) LiNi 1/3 C 1/3Mn1/3O2 ( y =0.0, 0.3 and 0.5) electrodes before cycling and after 100 cycles. | ||
| 22 | 368 | text | body | True | body | body | p22:body_region:0 | p22:bottom_margin:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [165.97, 501.91, 394.96, 274.18] | As shown in Table 6, the Li-rich electrodes exhibit a lower σ w compared to the pristine electrode LiNi1/3 C1/3 Mn1/3 O2, indicating superior ion conductivity and a higher Li + diffusion coefficient. According to data i… | As shown in Table 6, the Li-rich electrodes exhibit a lower σ w compared to the pristine electrode LiNi1/3 C1/3 Mn1/3 O2, indicating superior ion conductivity and a higher Li + diffusion coefficient. According to data i… | |||
| 23 | 369 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p23:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 23 | 370 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p23:body_region:0 | p23:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 23 of 30 | 23 of 30 | ||
| 23 | 371 | text | body | True | body | body | p23:body_region:0 | p23:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 75.05, 394.13, 134.79] | materials, which is fortunate since it makes possible a comparison between the different modifications and the different synthesis processes that have been used. In particular, this allows us to compare the lithium diff… | materials, which is fortunate since it makes possible a comparison between the different modifications and the different synthesis processes that have been used. In particular, this allows us to compare the lithium diff… | |||
| 23 | 372 | text | body | True | body | body | p23:body_region:0 | p23:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 214.2, 392.88, 37.43] | The Li-rich electrodes show a decrease in Rct , which directly indicates an enhanced electron transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The exchange current density ( I 0 ) is calculated using the linearized Butl… | The Li-rich electrodes show a decrease in Rct , which directly indicates an enhanced electron transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The exchange current density ( I 0 ) is calculated using the linearized Butl… | |||
| 23 | 373 | text | body | True | body | body | p23:body_region:0 | p23:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.0, 299.38, 395.01, 134.92] | I 0 is an intrinsic property of the cathode material, independent of the cell's manufacturing process and the size or shape of the particles. The values of the exchange current density I 0 before and after cycling are l… | I 0 is an intrinsic property of the cathode material, independent of the cell's manufacturing process and the size or shape of the particles. The values of the exchange current density I 0 before and after cycling are l… | |||
| 23 | 374 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p23:body_region:0 | p23:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 448.29, 141.54, 9.4] | 3.6. Area-Specific Impedance (ASI) | 3.6. Area-Specific Impedance (ASI) | ||
| 23 | 375 | text | body | True | body | body | p23:body_region:0 | p23:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 465.34, 392.89, 37.45] | More insights into the variation in the overall cell potential as a function of the depth of charge (DOD) can be gained by evaluating the area-specific impedance (ASI), expressed in Ω cm 2 , which is calculated using th… | More insights into the variation in the overall cell potential as a function of the depth of charge (DOD) can be gained by evaluating the area-specific impedance (ASI), expressed in Ω cm 2 , which is calculated using th… | |||
| 23 | 376 | text | body | True | body | body | p23:body_region:0 | p23:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [165.97, 546.41, 395.04, 221.01] | where A is the cross-sectional area of the electrode, ∆ V = OCV -V cell is the potential change during current interruption for 60 s at each DOD, and I is the current passed throughout the cell. Various factors can infl… | where A is the cross-sectional area of the electrode, ∆ V = OCV -V cell is the potential change during current interruption for 60 s at each DOD, and I is the current passed throughout the cell. Various factors can infl… | |||
| 24 | 377 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p24:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 35.56, 156.6, 8.34] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024 , 25 , x FOR PEER REVIEW | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024 , 25 , x FOR PEER REVIEW | |||
| 24 | 378 | text | page_margin_header | False | low | page_margin_header | page_margin_header | p24:body_region:0 | p24:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [501.52, 35.56, 31.0, 6.93] | 24 of 30 | 24 of 30 | ||
| 24 | 379 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p24:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 24 of 30 | 24 of 30 | |||
| 24 | 380 | caption | caption | False | low | outside_body_flow_caption | outside_body_flow_caption | p24:body_region:0 | p24:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [161.44, 233.75, 398.96, 23.59] | Figure 14. Area-specific impedance (ASI) of parent and y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 ( y =0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) as a function of depth of discharge (DOD): ( a ) fresh cell and ( b ) after 100 cycles. Figure 14. Area-sp… | Figure 14. Area-specific impedance (ASI) of parent and y Li2MnO3∙(1y )LiNi1/3C1/3Mn1/3O2 ( y =0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) as a function of depth of discharge (DOD): ( a ) fresh cell and ( b ) after 100 cycles. Figure 14. Area-sp… | ||
| 24 | 381 | text | body | True | body | body | p24:body_region:0 | p24:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [161.44, 266.95, 399.09, 253.87] | For the fresh cells at 90% DOD (Figure 14a), the measured ASI values are 192, 121, and 77 Ω cm 2 , respectively. After 100 cycles, these values increase to 240, 152, and 106 Ω cm 2 , respectively. These results demonstr… | For the fresh cells at 90% DOD (Figure 14a), the measured ASI values are 192, 121, and 77 Ω cm 2 , respectively. After 100 cycles, these values increase to 240, 152, and 106 Ω cm 2 , respectively. These results demonstr… | |||
| 24 | 382 | text | body | True | body | body | p24:body_region:0 | p24:front_matter:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [161.44, 524.35, 369.06, 8.59] | oxide (LLO) cathodes are reported only with modifications involving doping and/or coat- | oxide (LLO) cathodes are reported only with modifications involving doping and/or coat- | |||
| 24 | 383 | text | body | True | body | body | p24:body_region:0 | p24:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [161.44, 536.35, 371.56, 8.59] | ing, to optimize their electrochemical properties. For example, coating with Li3PO4 with a | ing, to optimize their electrochemical properties. For example, coating with Li3PO4 with a | |||
| 24 | 384 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p24:body_region:0 | p24:body_zone:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 533.31, 73.08, 11.05] | 4. Discussion | 4. Discussion | ||
| 24 | 385 | text | body | True | body | body | p24:body_region:0 | p24:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [161.44, 548.47, 399.5, 221.38] | spinel structure significantly increases the cycle life by protecting the surface and the rate capability, since Li3PO4 is conductive [75]. The electrode 0.5Li2MnO3∙0.5LiMn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3O2 coated with a Li3PO4 conductive… | spinel structure significantly increases the cycle life by protecting the surface and the rate capability, since Li3PO4 is conductive [75]. The electrode 0.5Li2MnO3∙0.5LiMn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3O2 coated with a Li3PO4 conductive… | |||
| 25 | 386 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p25:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 25 | 387 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p25:body_region:0 | p25:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 25 of 30 | 25 of 30 | ||
| 25 | 388 | text | body | True | body | body | p25:body_region:0 | p25:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 75.05, 394.62, 23.37] | Li-ion batteries. We believe that the results obtained on the pristine LLO particles studied in the present work is a promising step and a motivation to apply such modifications to them. | Li-ion batteries. We believe that the results obtained on the pristine LLO particles studied in the present work is a promising step and a motivation to apply such modifications to them. | |||
| 25 | 389 | text | body | True | body | body | p25:body_region:0 | p25:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.06, 102.59, 394.87, 232.6] | Several researchers have shown that Li-rich layered oxide, 0.5Li2MnO3 · 0.5Li (Ni1/3 Mn1/3Co1/3)O2, exhibits an interestingly high capacity among several cathode systems. Li et al. [81] reported that the induced rock sa… | Several researchers have shown that Li-rich layered oxide, 0.5Li2MnO3 · 0.5Li (Ni1/3 Mn1/3Co1/3)O2, exhibits an interestingly high capacity among several cathode systems. Li et al. [81] reported that the induced rock sa… | |||
| 25 | 390 | text | body | True | body | body | p25:body_region:0 | p25:page_body:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.09, 339.68, 394.93, 427.27] | The superlattice structure in Li2MnO3 arises from the ordering of lithium and manganese ions in the transition metal layers, with a layered structure ( C 2/ m space group). It significantly impacts electrochemical prope… | The superlattice structure in Li2MnO3 arises from the ordering of lithium and manganese ions in the transition metal layers, with a layered structure ( C 2/ m space group). It significantly impacts electrochemical prope… | |||
| 26 | 391 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p26:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | |||
| 26 | 392 | page_header | page_header | False | low | docling_page_header | docling_page_header | p26:body_region:0 | p26:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 26 of 30 | 26 of 30 | ||
| 26 | 393 | section_header | body_heading | False | low | body_heading | body_heading | p26:body_region:0 | p26:body_zone:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 73.8, 80.4, 11.05] | 5. Conclusions | 5. Conclusions | ||
| 26 | 394 | text | body | True | body | body | p26:body_region:0 | p26:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 91.97, 394.54, 190.5] | In this work, new stoichiometric, high-voltage, Li-rich integrated cathode materials y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 (where y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) have been synthesized in identical conditions through a sol-gel … | In this work, new stoichiometric, high-voltage, Li-rich integrated cathode materials y Li2MnO3 · (1y )LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 (where y = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) have been synthesized in identical conditions through a sol-gel … | |||
| 26 | 395 | text | body | True | body | body | p26:body_region:0 | p26:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.09, 286.96, 394.94, 190.5] | The findings also show that the performance retention after cycling is further improved in lithium-rich electrodes due to the complete activation of the Li2MnO3 component and the formation of a stabilizing spinel phase … | The findings also show that the performance retention after cycling is further improved in lithium-rich electrodes due to the complete activation of the Li2MnO3 component and the formation of a stabilizing spinel phase … | |||
| 26 | 396 | text | back_matter_heading | False | low | back_matter_heading | back_matter_heading | stop_trigger | p26:body_region:0 | p26:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.02, 493.65, 394.38, 47.5] | Author Contributions: Conceptualization, A.E.A.-G. and A.M.H.; formal analysis, A.E.A.-G. and R.S.E.-T.; investigation, A.E.A.-G. and R.S.E.-T.; writing-original draft preparation, A.E.A.-G.; writing-review and editing,… | Author Contributions: Conceptualization, A.E.A.-G. and A.M.H.; formal analysis, A.E.A.-G. and R.S.E.-T.; investigation, A.E.A.-G. and R.S.E.-T.; writing-original draft preparation, A.E.A.-G.; writing-review and editing,… | |
| 26 | 397 | text | back_matter_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p26:body_region:0 | p26:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 551.62, 210.71, 8.5] | Funding: This research received no external funding. | Funding: This research received no external funding. | |
| 26 | 398 | text | unknown_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p26:body_region:0 | p26:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 570.6, 220.22, 8.5] | Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. | Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. | |
| 26 | 399 | text | unknown_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p26:body_region:0 | p26:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 589.65, 120.79, 8.29] | Informed Consent Statement: | Informed Consent Statement: | |
| 26 | 400 | text | unknown_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p26:body_region:0 | p26:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [289.96, 589.58, 60.56, 8.5] | Not applicable. | Not applicable. | |
| 26 | 401 | text | back_matter_heading | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p26:body_region:0 | p26:body_zone:right_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 608.55, 265.41, 8.5] | Data Availability Statement: Data are contained within the article. | Data Availability Statement: Data are contained within the article. | |
| 26 | 402 | text | unknown_text | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p26:body_region:0 | p26:body_zone:left_crossing:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [166.39, 627.53, 255.5, 8.5] | Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. | Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. | |
| 26 | 403 | section_header | back_matter_heading | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p26:body_zone:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 651.48, 59.76, 11.05] | References | References | ||
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| 27 | 409 | list_item | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p27:page_body:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 75.73, 523.56, 22.48] | Yin, S.C.; Rho, Y.H.; Swainson, I.; Nazar, L.F. X-ray/neutron diffraction and electrochemical studies of lithium de/re-intercalation in Li 1-x Co1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (x=0-1). Chem. Mater. 2006 , 18 , 1901-1910. [CrossR… | Yin, S.C.; Rho, Y.H.; Swainson, I.; Nazar, L.F. X-ray/neutron diffraction and electrochemical studies of lithium de/re-intercalation in Li 1-x Co1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (x=0-1). Chem. Mater. 2006 , 18 , 1901-1910. [CrossR… | ||
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| 27 | 412 | list_item | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p27:page_body:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 152.22, 524.68, 21.38] | Li, W.; Song, B.; Manthiram, A. High-voltage positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2017 , 46 , 3006-3059. [CrossRef] | Li, W.; Song, B.; Manthiram, A. High-voltage positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2017 , 46 , 3006-3059. [CrossRef] | ||
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| 27 | 414 | list_item | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p27:page_body:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 216.17, 525.13, 21.27] | Chen, H.; Islam, M.S. Lithium extraction mechanism in Li-rich Li2MnO3 involving oxygen hole formation and dimerization. Chem. Mater. 2016 , 28 , 6656-6663. [CrossRef] | Chen, H.; Islam, M.S. Lithium extraction mechanism in Li-rich Li2MnO3 involving oxygen hole formation and dimerization. Chem. Mater. 2016 , 28 , 6656-6663. [CrossRef] | ||
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| 27 | 420 | list_item | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p27:page_body:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 394.91, 525.13, 34.03] | Amalraj, F.; Kovacheva, D.; Talianker, M.; Zeiri, L.; Grinblat, J.; Leifer, N.; Goobes, G.; Markovsky, B.; Aurbach, D. Synthesis of integrated cathode materials xLi2 MnO3 · (1-x)LiMn1/3 Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 ( x = 0.3, 0.5,… | Amalraj, F.; Kovacheva, D.; Talianker, M.; Zeiri, L.; Grinblat, J.; Leifer, N.; Goobes, G.; Markovsky, B.; Aurbach, D. Synthesis of integrated cathode materials xLi2 MnO3 · (1-x)LiMn1/3 Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 ( x = 0.3, 0.5,… | ||
| 27 | 421 | list_item | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p27:page_body:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 432.92, 525.13, 34.32] | Yu, C.; Li, G.; Guan, X.; Zheng, J.; Li, L.; Chen, T. Composites Li2MnO3 · LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2: Optimized synthesis and applications as advanced high-voltage cathode for batteries working at elevated temperatures. Elect… | Yu, C.; Li, G.; Guan, X.; Zheng, J.; Li, L.; Chen, T. Composites Li2MnO3 · LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2: Optimized synthesis and applications as advanced high-voltage cathode for batteries working at elevated temperatures. Elect… | ||
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| 27 | 424 | list_item | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p27:page_body:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 535.23, 523.56, 21.38] | Rodriguez-Carjaval, J. Recent developments of the program FULLPROF. Commission on Powder Diffraction (IUCr). Newsletter 2001 , 26 , 12-19. | Rodriguez-Carjaval, J. Recent developments of the program FULLPROF. Commission on Powder Diffraction (IUCr). Newsletter 2001 , 26 , 12-19. | ||
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| 27 | 426 | list_item | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p27:page_body:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 599.18, 525.13, 34.03] | Konishi, H.; Hirano, T.; Takamatsu, D.; Okumura, T. Electrochemical reaction mechanism of two components in xLi2MnO3-(1-x) LiNi0.5 Mn0.5 O2 and effect of x on the electrochemical performance in lithium ion battery. J. E… | Konishi, H.; Hirano, T.; Takamatsu, D.; Okumura, T. Electrochemical reaction mechanism of two components in xLi2MnO3-(1-x) LiNi0.5 Mn0.5 O2 and effect of x on the electrochemical performance in lithium ion battery. J. E… | ||
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| 27 | 430 | list_item | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p27:page_body:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 726.85, 523.56, 21.27] | Ohzuku, T.; Ueda, A.; Nagayama, M. Electrochemistry and structural chemistry of LiNiO2 (R-3m) for 4 volt secondary lithium cells. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1993 , 140 , 1862-1870. [CrossRef] | Ohzuku, T.; Ueda, A.; Nagayama, M. Electrochemistry and structural chemistry of LiNiO2 (R-3m) for 4 volt secondary lithium cells. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1993 , 140 , 1862-1870. [CrossRef] | ||
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| 28 | 432 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p28:top_margin:left:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 36.24, 100.28, 7.66] | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025 , 26 , 1346 | ||
| 28 | 433 | page_header | page_header | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p28:top_margin:right:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [532.35, 38.33, 26.93, 7.55] | 28 of 30 | 28 of 30 | ||
| 28 | 434 | list_item | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p28:page_body:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 75.73, 525.13, 34.03] | Wang, H.; Hashem, A.M.; Abdel-Ghany, A.E.; Abbas, S.M.; El-Tawil, R.S.; Li, T.; Li, X.; El-Mounayri, H.; Tovar, A.; Zhu, L.; et al. Effect of cationic (Na + ) and anionic (F - ) co-doping on the structural and electroch… | Wang, H.; Hashem, A.M.; Abdel-Ghany, A.E.; Abbas, S.M.; El-Tawil, R.S.; Li, T.; Li, X.; El-Mounayri, H.; Tovar, A.; Zhu, L.; et al. Effect of cationic (Na + ) and anionic (F - ) co-doping on the structural and electroch… | ||
| 28 | 435 | list_item | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p28:page_body:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 114.03, 523.56, 21.27] | Abdel-Ghany, A.; Hashem, A.M.; Mauger, A.; Julien, C.M. Lithium-rich cobalt-free manganese-based layered cathode materials for Li-ion batteries: Suppressing the voltage fading. Energies 2020 , 13 , 3487. [CrossRef] | Abdel-Ghany, A.; Hashem, A.M.; Mauger, A.; Julien, C.M. Lithium-rich cobalt-free manganese-based layered cathode materials for Li-ion batteries: Suppressing the voltage fading. Energies 2020 , 13 , 3487. [CrossRef] | ||
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| 28 | 439 | list_item | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p28:page_body:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 228.94, 523.56, 21.27] | Sun, Y.K.; Lee, M.J.; Yoon, C.S.; Hassoun, J.; Amine, K.; Scrosati, B. The role of AlF3 coatings in improving electrochemical cycling of Li-enriched nickel-manganese oxide electrodes for Li-ion batteries. Adv. Mater. 20… | Sun, Y.K.; Lee, M.J.; Yoon, C.S.; Hassoun, J.; Amine, K.; Scrosati, B. The role of AlF3 coatings in improving electrochemical cycling of Li-enriched nickel-manganese oxide electrodes for Li-ion batteries. Adv. Mater. 20… | ||
| 28 | 440 | list_item | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p28:page_body:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 254.47, 523.56, 34.03] | Mohanty, D.; Kalnaus, S.; Li, J.; Meisner, R.A.; Rhodes, K.J.; Li, J.; Payzant, E.A.; Wood, D.L.; Daniel, C. Structural transformation of a lithium-rich Li1.2 Co0.1 Mn0.55 Ni0.15 O 2 cathode during high voltage cycling … | Mohanty, D.; Kalnaus, S.; Li, J.; Meisner, R.A.; Rhodes, K.J.; Li, J.; Payzant, E.A.; Wood, D.L.; Daniel, C. Structural transformation of a lithium-rich Li1.2 Co0.1 Mn0.55 Ni0.15 O 2 cathode during high voltage cycling … | ||
| 28 | 441 | list_item | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p28:page_body:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 292.77, 523.56, 22.48] | Abdel-Ghany, A.E.; Hashem, A.M.; Mauger, A.; Julien, C.M. Effects of chelators on the structure and electrochemical properties of Li-rich Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 cathode materials. J. Solid State Electrochem. 20… | Abdel-Ghany, A.E.; Hashem, A.M.; Mauger, A.; Julien, C.M. Effects of chelators on the structure and electrochemical properties of Li-rich Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 cathode materials. J. Solid State Electrochem. 20… | ||
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| 28 | 452 | list_item | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p28:page_body:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 586.41, 523.56, 34.03] | Karunawan, J.; Abdillah, O.B.; Floweri, O.; Aji, M.P.; Santosa, S.P.; Sumboja, A.; Iskandar, F. Improving the structural ordering and particle-size homogeneity of Li-rich layered Li1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 cathode ma… | Karunawan, J.; Abdillah, O.B.; Floweri, O.; Aji, M.P.; Santosa, S.P.; Sumboja, A.; Iskandar, F. Improving the structural ordering and particle-size homogeneity of Li-rich layered Li1.2 Ni0.13 Co0.13 Mn0.54 O2 cathode ma… | ||
| 28 | 453 | list_item | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p28:page_body:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 624.71, 525.13, 34.03] | Wu, F.; Wang, Z.; Su, Y.; Guan, Y.; Jin, Y.; Yan, N.; Tian, J.; Bao, L.; Chen, S. Synthesis and characterization of hollow spherical cathode Li1.2 Mn0.54 Ni0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 assembled with nanostructured particles via ho… | Wu, F.; Wang, Z.; Su, Y.; Guan, Y.; Jin, Y.; Yan, N.; Tian, J.; Bao, L.; Chen, S. Synthesis and characterization of hollow spherical cathode Li1.2 Mn0.54 Ni0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 assembled with nanostructured particles via ho… | ||
| 28 | 454 | list_item | reference | False | low | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p28:page_body:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.72, 663.02, 525.12, 34.03] | Armstrong, A.R.; Holzapfel, M.; Novak, P.; Johnson, C.S.; Kang, S.; Thackeray, M.M.; Bruce, P.G. Demonstrating oxygen loss and associated structural reorganization in the lithium battery cathode Li[Ni0.2 Li0.2 Mn0.6 ]O2… | Armstrong, A.R.; Holzapfel, M.; Novak, P.; Johnson, C.S.; Kang, S.; Thackeray, M.M.; Bruce, P.G. Demonstrating oxygen loss and associated structural reorganization in the lithium battery cathode Li[Ni0.2 Li0.2 Mn0.6 ]O2… | ||
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| 30 | 495 | text | body_candidate_excluded | False | medium | after_back_matter_stop | after_back_matter_stop | after_stop | p30:page_body:full:white | [255, 255, 255] white | False | [35.45, 321.46, 523.83, 34.03] | Disclaimer/Publisher's Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s… | Disclaimer/Publisher's Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s… |